Eξέταση της χρήσης των λέξεων μῦθος, λόγος, ὅμοιος και ἐπιεικής στην Ποιητική του Αριστοτέλη. Παρουσίαση των τρόπων με τους οποίους ερμηνεύονται οι παραπάνω όροι και προσπάθεια επίλυσης των προβλημάτων που δημιουργεί η χρήση των όρων αυτών μέσα από τη διατύπωση σχετικών παρατηρήσεων. Μελέτη των σχέσεων μεταξύ των ουσιαστικών μῦθος και λόγος καθώς και προσπάθεια διευκρίνισης της σημασίας των επιθέτων ὅμοιος και ἐπιεικής στα κεφάλαια 2, 13 και 15 της Ποιητικής με βάση τη σύγκριση μεταξύ ζωγραφικής και ποίησης. / In the present study, we examine, to a greater or lesser extent, the terms mythos, logos, homoios and epieikēs as used in Aristotle’s Poetics. The aim of this short survey is primarily to present several interpretations of what Aristotle means by mythos, logos, homoios and epieikēs, proposed by some scholars, before attempting to solve the problems which the use of the aforementioned terms causes by making a few relevant remarks. Regarding the first two terms mentioned above, we inquire into the relationship between these terms as well as the relationship between the concepts which are signified by them, while, concerning the terms homoios and epieikēs, we mainly attempt to clarify the meaning of these particular adjectives in chapters 2, 13 and 15 of the Poetics, taking into account the comparison of poetry to painting, made in some interesting passages of the treatise. Our approach to the core of the problem is based, in any case, on the Aristotelian belief that, as regards the scientific thought, it is essential that one should perceive the similarities of things, which, however, differ much from each other.

Quelles valeurs et fonctions à la fois sociales, éthiques et poétiques peuvent être attribuées à la création artistique ? Dans les romans étudiés – 'Rosshalde' et 'Le Dernier Eté de Klingsor' de H.Hesse, 'Jean-Christophe' de R. Rolland, L’'Arc-En-Ciel' et 'Femmes amoureuses' de D.H. Lawrence, la création apparaît comme le moyen privilégié de résister à la mécanisation de la société industrielle et au désenchantement moderne, bien plus, elle vise à repenser les fondements du monde occidental. Un rôle civilisateur et régénérateur est attribué à l’art. Cette idée conduit à aborder différentes conceptions du sujet et de l’identité de l’artiste : la création permettrait de concilier harmonieusement le singulier et l’universel, et l’artiste incarnerait volontiers une forme de philosophe, de héros, ou de prophète, ayant un rapport ambivalent à la communauté. De plus, ces romans empruntent des procédés d’écriture et de composition à la musique et à la peinture, tout en laissant également la part belle aux dialogues mettant en oeuvre des développements conceptuels. Le roman, en intégrant des raisonnements à la fiction, ne fixe pas d’interprétation. Il critique le dogmatisme et valorise une pensée dynamique et constamment liée à l’expérience. / Which values and functions, social, ethical as well as poetic, can be attached to artistic creation ? In the novels we studied - 'Rosshalde' and 'Klingsor’s Last Summer' by H.Hesse, 'Jean-Christophe' by R.Rolland, The 'Rainbow' and 'Women in Love' by D.H. Lawrence, creation seems to be the preferred means to resist the mechanization of the industrial society and to hold out against modern disillusionment, even more, it aims at rethinking the foundations of the western world. A civilizing and regenerating role is attributed to art. That leads us to approach different conceptions of the subject and of the identity of the artist : creation as a way to reconcile harmoniously the singular with the universal, and the artist as the reincarnation of a form of philosophy, of a hero, or of a prophet, having ambivalent relations with the community. Moreover, these novels adopt methods of writing and composition from music and painting, but they also give a lot of importance to dialogues making use of conceptual developments. By integrating reasoning to fiction, the novel does not fix the interpretation. It criticizes dogmatism and enhances dynamic thinking constantly linked to experience.