ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / Recent technological advancements in low-power, low-cost, small-footprint embedded processors, sensors, and radios are resulting in the very rapid growth of wireless sensor network deployments. Wireless sensor networks merge the scalability and distributed nature of networked systems with the size and energy constraints of remote embedded systems. With the ever increasing need to develop less intrusive, more scalable solutions for instrumentation systems, wireless sensor technologies present several benefits. They largely eliminate the need for power and network wiring, thus potentially reducing cost, weight, and deployment time; their modularity provides the flexibility to rapidly change instrumentation configurations and the capability to increase the coverage of an instrumentation system. While the benefits are exciting and varied, as with any emerging technology, many challenges need to be overcome before wireless sensor networks can be effectively and successfully deployed in instrumentation applications, including throughput, latency, power management, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and band utilization considerations. This paper describes some approaches to addressing these challenges and achieving a useful system.

在無線區域網路的範疇，IEEE 802.11是一個主要的媒介存取控制協定。然而在隨意式多跳接的網路中，IEEE 802.11面臨更嚴重的hidden terminal和exposed terminal problems，而這些問題主因都源自於過大的訊號干擾範圍與過大的訊號感應範圍。在這篇論文裡，我們提出一個可調式的媒介存取控制協定，針對IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS handshake機制做簡單地修改，使得IEEE 802.11 devices可以依據週遭的傳收狀態動態調整自身的傳送和接收行為。實驗結果顯示我們的方法使原來的 802.11 減少了互相干擾的情形並且提升了系統的效能。 / The IEEE 802.11 standard is the most popular Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for wireless local area networks. However, in multihop wireless ad hoc networks, the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol will suffer from more serious hidden terminal and exposed terminal problems than those in single hop WLANs. More specifically, it is due to the large interference range and the large carrier sensing range. In this thesis, we propose an adaptive IEEE 802.11 MAC (AMAC) that makes two simple modifications of IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS handshake to dynamically adjust the transmission and reception according to the shared medium status near transmitter and receiver, respectively. Simulation results show that our method can lessen interferences and increase system throughput as compared with IEEE 802.11 MAC.

<p>Detta arbete beskriver och analyserar vilka förutsättningar som är viktiga att ta hänsyn till vid en installation av ett trådlöst nätverk hos SYSteam. Ämnet trådlösa nätverk är omfattande och komplext och många i branschen saknar idag kompetens inom området. Det finns en uppsjö av olika komponenter, krypteringar och tillvägagångssätt. Detta arbete har utförts i samarbete med SYSteam Network Center (SNC), som vill undersöka möjligheterna och vilka förutsättningar som krävs för att kunna erbjuda ett gemensamt trådlöst nätverk som uppfyller kraven att vara säkert, skalbart och centralt administrerbart från SNC. SNC vill skaffa sig en uppfattning om vilket behov som de olika bolagen hos SYSteam i Huskvarna har av ett trådlöst nätverk, och därmed få fram en gemensam bild av hur ett trådlöst nätverk bör utformas. Som en del av detta intervjuas personer inom respektive bolag. SNC önskar sedan kunna erbjuda SYSteams bolag i Huskvarna ett gemensamt trådlöst nätverk som beaktat samtligas intresse. Genom intervjuerna gick det att urskilja följande problem i SYSteams nuvarande nätverkslösning:</p><p>Dagens struktur hämmar samarbete mellan bolag.</p><p>Avsaknaden av en smidig gästaccess ger ett dåligt intryck på gäster.</p><p>Gäster och personal är idag bundna till ett begränsat antal switchportar.</p><p>Anslutna gäster får åtkomst till delar av SYSteams interna klientnät. Gästerna bör endast komma åt de delar som de absolut behöver.</p><p>För att kunna behandla och bearbeta de olika problemen utförs en behovsanalys. Utifrån behovsanalysen studeras lämplig litteratur i syfte att förse SNC med en omfattande analys om tekniken, affärsnyttan och mervärden som ett trådlöst nätverk kan erbjuda, men också hur ett trådlöst nätverk bör administreras och säkras. Resultatet fokuserar även på vilka utmaningar och problem som kan förekomma i en trådlös miljö, samt ger förslag på hur SNC i Huskvarna bör utforma ett trådlöst nätverk. SNC står inför en stor utmaning med att erbjuda ett trådlöst nätverk som kan upplevas användarvänligt men som samtidigt måste uppfylla vissa säkerhetskrav. Arbetet visar att om man tar hänsyn till de utmaningar som finns och kartlägger de problem som finns så är det möjligt att utforma ett skalbart, säkert nätverk som samtidigt tar hänsyn till användarvänligheten. Ett gemensamt trådlöst nätverk kan erbjuda SYSteam i Huskvarna följande:</p><ul><li>Förbättrat samarbete mellan bolagen genom att medarbetarna blir mer mobila.</li><li>Effektivare möten.</li><li>En bättre miljö för projektgrupper – ökar deras rörlighet.</li><li>Att kommunikationen internt mellan bolag kommer att underlättas och förbättras.</li><li>Flexibiliteten ökar samt en ökning av motivationen bland personalen. </li><li>Att professionaliteten höjs internt.</li><li>Ett smidigt och användarvänligt gästnätverk vilket kommer förbättra bilden av SYSteam. Det ökar kundens upplevelse och tillfredställer kundens behov och kan resultera i att kundens lojalitet ökar.</li><li>Kundkontakten kommer att underlättas.</li></ul> / <p>This report describes and analyzes the requirements for a wireless network installation. The subject wireless network is both extensive and complex, and results of that many in the branch are missing the accurate qualifications. There is an abundance of different components, encryptions and procedures. This report has developed in cooperation with SYSteam Network Center (SNC), who wants to investigate the requirements and opportunities a common wireless network might provide. The common wireless network shall fulfill the need of security, scalability and to be centrally administrated. SNC wants knowledge about the different needs, that the internal SYSteam company in Huskvarna have about a common wireless network. And thereby be able to summarize a mutual image of how a wireless network should be designed. As a part of this, people from different companies at SYSteam where interviewed. SNC would like to offer the SYSteam companies situated in Huskvarna a common wireless network, which pays attention to everyone’s interests. The interviews gave the following notice that there were problem in the network solution used today:</p><ul><li>Today’s network structure restrains the cooperation between internal companies. </li><li>The missing of a flexible guest access gives a bad impression to external guests. </li><li>Today guests and staff are bound to a limited amount of switchports. </li><li>Connected guests get access to parts of SYSteam internal clientnetwork. The guests should only get access to what they absolutely require.</li></ul><p>To be able to handle and process the problems a three-steep analyze have been made, primary to understand the requirement of the organization, to clearly define the problems and what opportunities a wireless network may have. From these three steps, proper literature have been studied in purpose to provide SNC with a comprehensive analyze about the technique, business considerations and what value a wireless network provides. The result focuses about what uprising challenge a wireless network may originate and the problems it could contain. In the conclusion, guide principles how a wireless network should be designed adjusted for SNC is formed. SNC is today facing a big challenge in order to offer a wireless network which shall meet the requirements of user-friendly and secured demands. The work shows, if consideration is taken to available challenges and survey existing problems, it’s possible to design a scalable, secured network which also provides user-friendly management. An example a common wireless network can offer SYSteam in Huskvarna can be one of the following:</p><ul><li>Cooperation improvements between companies, clients become even more mobile. </li><li>Meetings become more efficient. </li><li>Offer a better environment for project teams, due to increased mobility. </li><li>Offer an ordinary guest access. </li><li>The internal communication will facilitate and improve between companies.</li></ul>

The purpose and content of this work are to explore the proper strategy on how to deploy multi-service mobile net centric warfare, or FORCEnet, the Navy's concept for Net Centric Warfare. In this research, the author examined where the Navy Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI) fits into this vision and how it is mobile and multi-service compatible. It also explored how low-cost commercial approaches such as IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network technologies can be implemented as a joint notion of Net Centric Warfare in terms of a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). The problem investigated in this study was to evaluate what cost savings and/or efficiencies were achieved by organizing and transitioning from a traditional network operation center to a managed services operation in the development of a wireless local area network (LAN) in a military setting. The military needs a road map on how to deploy wireless networks in a secure, supportable, and usable fashion that is in concert with the core mission of the military business requirements, i.e., a service oriented architecture. The research took place at several naval bases in San Diego. The methodology included the "case study," as described by Robert Yin (2003), and the systems development life cycle (SDLC). The expectation of the researcher in this study is the development of a managed services operation in the creation of a wireless LAN on a military base.

L'utilisation de la communication sans fil dans les applications de contrôle offre de nombreux avantages comme la mobilité. Toutefois, la communication sans fil souffre de nombreux inconvénients tels que la perte d'information, délais aléatoires. Ces problèmes sont essentiellement induits par le non déterministe du comportement de la communication sans fil qui peut avoir un impact négatif sur la performance du système. L'objectif de ce travail porte sur l'amélioration des performances de Systèmes Discrets Contrôlés via un Réseau Sans fil. Ses systèmes sont caractérisés par une commande logique distribuée sur des automates programmables et des boîtiers d'entrées/sorties déportés communiquant via un réseau de communication sans fil, IEEE 802.11. L'approche proposée repose sur un processus de co-conception basé : un, sur une modélisation conjointe des comportements de la commande et du réseau au travers de modèles SED déterministes pour la commande et stochastiques pour le réseau, et sur la simulation pour évaluer les performances des SDCR sans fil et notamment leur temps de réponse. Deux, la proposition d'un algorithme qui alloue dynamiquement les priorités définies par l'IEEE 802.11e sur les trafics de communication en fonction des besoins et des états de la commande; cet algorithme est évalué sur un cas d'étude, pour lequel la communication sans fil induit des risques de collision entre des équipements d'une installation industrielle, en utilisant l'environnement de simulation précédemment défini. Les simulations montrent une amélioration de la performance du système surtout dans des cas où le réseau est très chargé / Using wireless communication in the control system introduces many advantages like reduced wiring costs but also many drawbacks such as the delays, packet losses... which may disturb the system performance. The objective of this thesis is to improve the performance of a Wireless Networked Discrete Control System. This kind of system is characterized with a logic command distributed among PLC and plant part communicating through a wireless network, IEEE 802.11. The proposed approach is based on a co-design concept by simultaneously modeling the behavior of the command part (deterministic), and network part (non deterministic). Simulation tools do not cope with this co-design point of view because they are generally either ?control design? or ?network analysis? dedicated. Two solutions are explored: first, by integrating the network model into a control-oriented tool, Matlab-Truetime library and second, by integrating the discrete control system behavior into a network-oriented tool, OPNET. Comparisons between these tools confirm the possibility of modeling a WNDCS using Matlab-Truetime (with some modifications) and OPNET. Moreover, an algorithm is proposed to improve the global system performance; it dynamically allocates IEEE 802.11e priorities to the communication traffic with regard to the control requirements and the current state of the system, but also by taking into account the current quality of service provided by the network. Simulations of a case study performed using OPNET have highlighted the efficiency of the proposed algorithm

En esta tesis se estudia la tecnología 802.11n, detallando las modificaciones realizadas en la capa MAC y Física respecto de las tecnologías legadas. Así mismo, cuales serán los resultados como solución de acceso en redes de área local y como podría influir esta tecnología como solución de enlaces punto a punto y punto multipunto de banda ancha en zonas no urbanas. Para esto se analizarán las condiciones de adaptación que deben ser consideradas para lograr los escenarios propuestos en zonas no urbanas de difícil acceso. Finalmente siguiendo los parámetros del último draft se determinará si esta tecnología podría ser en un futuro una solución paralela a otras tecnologías para realizar un enlace de banda ancha de larga distancia. / Tesis

Se plantea la posibilidad de migrar a IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) en los lugares donde se usa WiFi como solución tecnológica ya que la primera es una tecnología inalámbrica diseñada para redes MAN que no solo permite conectividad inalámbrica sino también velocidades de banda ancha; lográndose llenar los vacíos que deja WiFi. De esta manera se estaría fomentando el acceso universal el cual es un componente en la estrategia del desarrollo de las telecomunicaciones en el Perú. / Tesis

Gao Yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-73). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Literature Survey and Background --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Capacity of Wireless Networks --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Physical Layer Techniques --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Radio Propagation Models --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Multiple Access Techniques --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3 --- MAC layer --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- An Introduction to the IEEE 802.11 protocol --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Performance Analysis of the IEEE 802.11 protocol in single cell networks --- p.15 / Chapter 3 --- Model and Methodology --- p.18 / Chapter 3.1 --- System Model --- p.18 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- DCF Model --- p.19 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- The Problems of Hidden Node --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2 --- A Methodology to Compute Throughput Capacity --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Constructing a Contention Graph --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Determining the Link Capacity Ei --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Determining the Channel Idle Probability zi --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Detennining the Collision Probability γi --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3 --- Throughput Analysis of a Chain network --- p.35 / Chapter 4 --- Applications of the Proposed Methodology --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1 --- Application 1: Determining the End-to-End Throughput Capacity in Multi-hop Networks --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Routing Optimization --- p.40 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Offered Load Control --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2 --- Application 2: Determining the Equilibrium Throughput of onehop Networks --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Throughput Capacity of One-Hop Networks --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3 --- Application 3: Optimal Hop Distance in Multi-hop Networks --- p.51 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Analysis of Regular One-Dimension Network --- p.51 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Optimal Hop Distance --- p.53 / Chapter 5 --- Simulation and Validation --- p.55 / Chapter 5.1 --- Simulation Environment --- p.55 / Chapter 5.2 --- MAC layer Collisions --- p.56 / Chapter 5.3 --- Single Flow Capacity: --- p.58 / Chapter 5.4 --- Neighboring Traffic Effect: --- p.59 / Chapter 5.5 --- Routing Optimization: --- p.60 / Chapter 5.6 --- Optimal Offered Load Control: --- p.62 / Chapter 5.7 --- Optimal Hop Distance --- p.63 / Chapter 5.7.1 --- One-Source ROD Network --- p.63 / Chapter 5.7.2 --- Two-Source ROD Network --- p.64 / Chapter 5.7.3 --- Simulation Investigation on Hop Distance --- p.65 / Chapter 6 --- Related Work --- p.68 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.69

" IEEE 802.11 wireless access points (APs) act as the central communication hub inside homes, connecting all networked devices to the Internet. Home users run a variety of network applications with diverse Quality-of-Service requirements (QoS) through their APs. However, wireless APs are often the bottleneck in residential networks as broadband connection speeds keep increasing. Because of the lack of QoS support and complicated configuration procedures in most off-the-shelf APs, users can experience QoS degradation with their wireless networks, especially when multiple applications are running concurrently. This dissertation presents CATNAP, Classification And Treatment iN an AP , to provide better QoS support for various applications over residential wireless networks, especially timely delivery for real-time applications and high throughput for download-based applications. CATNAP consists of three major components: supporting functions, classifiers, and treatment modules. The supporting functions collect necessary flow level statistics and feed it into the CATNAP classifiers. Then, the CATNAP classifiers categorize flows along three-dimensions: response-based/non-response-based, interactive/non-interactive, and greedy/non-greedy. Each CATNAP traffic category can be directly mapped to one of the following treatments: push/delay, limited advertised window size/drop, and reserve bandwidth. Based on the classification results, the CATNAP treatment module automatically applies the treatment policy to provide better QoS support. CATNAP is implemented with the NS network simulator, and evaluated against DropTail and Strict Priority Queue (SPQ) under various network and traffic conditions. In most simulation cases, CATNAP provides better QoS supports than DropTail: it lowers queuing delay for multimedia applications such as VoIP, games and video, fairly treats FTP flows with various round trip times, and is even functional when misbehaving UDP traffic is present. Unlike current QoS methods, CATNAP is a plug-and-play solution, automatically classifying and treating flows without any user configuration, or any modification to end hosts or applications. "

Cheung Cheuk Lun. / Thesis submitted in: July 2004. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.1 / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1 --- Differentiation from existing products --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2 --- Problems --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Assumption --- p.9 / Chapter 2 --- Study of bulk transfer --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- Simple wireless solution --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Problems of the simple wireless solution --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Low performance due to header overhead --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Low performance due to unnecessary packets --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Model derivation --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Performance study --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Packed wireless solution --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Example --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Solved problems --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Model derivation --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Performance study --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Performance study on the effect of the value of n --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4 --- Controllable packed wireless solution --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Problem --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Analysis --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Solution --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Model derivation --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Performance study --- p.35 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Performance study on the effect of the sliding window size --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary of performance study --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Comparison of the throughput between four cases --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Study of how the throughput-varies with the processing time --- p.44 / Chapter 2.6 --- Simulation --- p.47 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Measuring the packet loss rate and the throughput --- p.49 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Studying the throughput against the distance --- p.50 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Studying the throughput against the packet loss rate --- p.53 / Chapter 2.7 --- Conclusion --- p.54 / Chapter 3 --- Study of interrupt transfer --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1 --- Problem --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2 --- Solution --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Remote polling --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3 --- Feasibility of the solution --- p.58 / Chapter 3.4 --- The problem of Distributed Coordination Function collision --- p.60 / Chapter 3.5 --- Collision avoidance --- p.60 / Chapter 3.6 --- Model derivation --- p.61 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Wired case --- p.61 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Wireless solution (remote polling) --- p.62 / Chapter 3.7 --- Maximum allowed request generation frequency --- p.64 / Chapter 3.7.1 --- More than one interrupt transfer --- p.64 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- More than one bulk transfer --- p.64 / Chapter 3.7.3 --- Maximum allowed request generation frequency --- p.65 / Chapter 3.8 --- Conclusion --- p.65 / Chapter 4 --- System architecture issues --- p.66 / Chapter 4.1 --- USB network --- p.66 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Problems --- p.66 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Solution --- p.66 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Conclusion --- p.69 / Chapter 4.2 --- Security --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Suggested solution --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Conclusion --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3 --- Cost --- p.72 / Chapter 4.4 --- Power supply --- p.73 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.75 / Appendix --- p.77 / Chapter A. --- Wireless USB (WUSB) --- p.77 / Chapter B. --- Introduction of USB --- p.83 / Chapter C. --- Framing details of 802.11 --- p.99 / Chapter D. --- A case study of a USB device --- p.102 / Chapter E. --- Reference of notations used in figures --- p.106 / Chapter F. --- Values of all symbols --- p.107 / Reference i --- p.109