published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Educational Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / Psychology / Master / Master of Philosophy

Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa vad motivation är och kan vara inom omvårdnad. Metoden för studien var litteraturstudie där åtta vetenskapliga artiklar redovisas i resultatet. Begreppet motivation är en viktig faktor för människan som patient i olika övergångar/rörelser från ohälsa till hälsa. Det är patientens egen motivation som är avgörande hur patienten lyckas att nå sina mål. Viktiga faktorer i motivationen är att patienten har en självmedvetenhet, att patienten känner förtroende för sjuksköterskan och en närvaro av de närstående. Motivationen kan grunda sig i rädslan för det oönskade jaget och en strävan till det önskade jaget där patientens ekonomiska förutsättningar kan ha en negativ inverkan på motivationen då ekonomin på olika sätt kan ge förutsättningar för patienten att genomföra de uppsatta målen. Sjuksköterskans arbete skall präglas av evidensbaserad omvårdnad. Begreppet motivation saknas som meningsbärande evidensbaserat ord i delar av omvårdnadsprocessen, omvårdnadsdiagnos, omvårdnadsmål och omvårdnadsåtgärder. Att förbise patientens motivationsrörelse i omvårdnadsprocessen kan leda till minskad motivation hos patienten, ökad vårdtid och en ökad kostnad för samhället. Motivationens betydelse i omvårdnadsprocessen och vikten av motivation uppmanas att i framtiden vidareutvecklas. / The aim of the study was to highlight the meaning of what motivation is and can be in the area of nursing care. The method used was a literature study comprised of eight scientific articles.  Motivation is an important factor for human beings in the transition from illness to well-being/health. It is the patient’s own motivation that determines how they will reach their goals. Important motivational factors are that the patient has self-awareness, confidence in his/her nurse and a presence of loved ones (relatives and friends). Motivation can be based on fear of the undesired self and pursuit of the desired self where the patients’ financial conditions can negatively affect the motivation due to the fact that financial constraints can affect the patients’ possibility to reach their determined goals. Evidenced based nursing care should define the nursing process and care given by the nurses. The term motivation is missing as a defined evidence based word in the nursing process, nursing diagnosis, nursing goals and nursing measures. To ignore the patients’ motivational journey in the nursing process can lead to a decrease in motivation, increased length of stay and therefore an increased financial cost for society. It is of great importance for future reference to further determine the effect of motivation on the nursing process.

The aim of this study was to investigate the result of an effort to support reading development and the reading motivation. My approach was an intervention study during four weeks, where intensive reading in a group of three pupils in grade one took place. Individual conversations and group conversations were central methods in combination with different ways of processing the texts. Interviews were conducted with the class teacher and the participating children to see the difference in reading and motivation before and after the project. The result shows that an intensive period with reading fiction books with subsequent conversations and different processing of the text is a useful developing method for decoding, reading comprehension and reading motivation.

Both the advertising industry and academia have been paying more and more attention to the growth and potential of the luxury market. In East Asian countries, the market’s annual growth rate for 2006 was nearly 18%, nearly doubling the global growth rate for 2005. Despite the increasing popularity of luxury brands in East Asian countries, there is a dearth of empirical knowledge regarding East Asians’ consumption motives. By surveying a sample of 200 consumers from South Korea, an exemplar of East Asian luxury consumers, the current study provides a general understanding of such motives. The findings suggest that Korean consumers have five primary social and psychological motives for the consumption of luxury brands: social ostentation, aesthetic appearance seeking, personal hedonism seeking, practicality seeking, and difference seeking. This study also offers findings related to the relationship between demographic characteristics (for Korean consumers) and luxury consumption behavior. The study achieves two things: First, it is a contribution to the body of literature on luxury consumption; second, it provides managerial implications for global marketers and brand managers who want to construct targeted and customized strategies for East Asian consumers to enhance their purchase intention toward luxury brands. / text

There are many government standards and regulations that even contractors must follow. This makes it difficult for contracting companies to have the same incentives that other private companies provide for their employees that keeps them motivated. A survey was conducted among NASA government contractors, mainly Engineering and Science Contract Group (ESCG) contractors to get their perspective on the work motivation they have working in the space industry. This report will discuss some of the motivation theories proposed in industrial psychology as well as the benefits offered by ESCG and will be compared with the results from the survey. Lastly there will be recommendations on how to improve the benefits offered or lack thereof by ESCG that could improve the motivation in the workplace. / text

This Master’s report explores the literature related to learners’ motivation to read in a second language (L2). First providing some background on second language learning motivation as a general construct, the paper then reviews several studies specific to L2 reading motivation. Findings in the current research indicate that L2 reading motivation may coincide with subcomponents, such as intrinsic value, of larger constructs of motivation (Mori, 2002). Some studies explore what factors influence L2 reading motivation, while others look at what factors are influenced by it. With indications from the literature pointing toward types of reading materials as a possible predictor of motivation and extensive reading as a possible predictor of L2 reading attitudes, a curriculum is proposed for supporting motivation in the L2 reading classroom. Suggestions for extending classroom implications beyond the given context are also presented. / text

The experimental study examined how different types of praise moderated the effect of normative information on students’ self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation when they face challenges. Two hundred and Fifty Form 1 and 2 students (114 females, 136 males) were randomly assigned to six different conditions, using a 2 (Normative information: with normative information, without normative information) X 3 (Praise: ability praise, effort praise, no praise) between-groups design. Students first worked on a logical reasoning task and received a bogus quantitative feedback of a high score (8 out of 10) and a written qualitative feedback according to their assigned conditions. Students then did a similar but more challenging task and checked their scores before completing measures of self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation. Self-reported measure showed that after facing setbacks, students receiving effort praise and normative information in the first task indicated significantly lower self-efficacy than the students only receiving effort praise. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Keywords: effort praise, ability praise, / published_or_final_version / Educational Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

<p>With high recognized importance of women and entrepreneurship, women entrepreneurship has been attached almost everywhere, and the connection between motivation and venture creation is discussed among women in small businesses.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Purpose</strong></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>To reflect the determinants of being a women entrepreneur based on an integrated framework from psychology, sociology, and economics.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Method </strong></p><p><strong> </strong>Qualitative research is used. Interview and observation are conducted with five women entrepreneurs, face-to-face, understanding the complex, personal topics about their businesses motivation.</p><p><strong><strong><p>Conclusions</p><p> </p></strong></strong>Entrepreneurs are motivated into entrepreneurship for different factors; in this study, we examined background, personal and situational factors. Motivation to entrepreneurship should research on individual level, including different scientific and environmental approaches, because the final decision to become motivated into entrepreneurship is made on individual level.</p>

Oman’s school system is of relatively recent origin, having been developed from the 1970’s and much is expected of Omani schoolteachers. The research reported in this thesis was a comprehensive attempt to explore Omani schoolteachers’ understanding of the term motivation. A mixed methods approach was used, with a large-scale questionnaire survey of 3065 teachers producing a 69% response rate (2112) and yielding results that were subject to further exploration by means of 7 teacher focus-groups (with 53 teachers participating), 21 interviews with individual teachers, and 3 focus-groups with 21 headteachers. The key finding from the research was that the overwhelming majority of Omani schoolteachers participating in the research regard themselves as motivated with the most important motivating factors for them being working with pupils and being productive in society. However, both Omani teachers and headteachers would appreciate a reduction in administration and greater participation in decision-making. Analysis of my findings distinguished four groups of factors that might provide better understanding of motivation of Omani schoolteachers. These four divisions are (1) the main factors that appeared to attract Omanis to teaching profession, (2) the main factors that appeared to contribute to confirm or extend the initial motivation to enter the teaching profession, (3) two factors that appeared to increase the level of motivation of Omani schoolteachers, and (4) the main factors that appeared to contribute in maintaining the level of motivation of Omani schoolteachers, which I term guarantors. The findings from this research should help teacher educators and policy makers in Oman better understand teacher motivation. The research concludes some practical recommendations that might help maintain or enhance teacher motivation and some recommendations for follow-up research. Finally, I hope the research has contributed a little to the ongoing international debate around teacher motivation, from an Omani perspective.