1 Abstract Legal Regime of National Parks in the Czech Republic and the Kingdom of Spain National parks as traditional instruments of in situ nature protection, which ensure the protection of the most valuable natural values of the state, have long been a socially debated topic that deserves repeated attention. The fact that this is a current and fundamental issue is proved by the fact that both legal regulations examined in this thesis have undergone extensive changes. The Czech regulation of national parks was amended completely in 2017 and the Kingdom of Spain adopted a new law on national parks in 2014, also in response to a long-standing dispute between the autonomous regions and the central government over jurisdiction over specially protected areas. The aim of this work is to present and analyze the basic legal concept of national parks in the Kingdom of Spain and the Czech Republic, sources of legislation, tools used for nature protection, their anchoring in legislation and institutions related to the administration of national parks. Based on the performed analysis, a comparison of individual institutes is performed, their identical and different elements are evaluated and some changes de lege ferenda are proposed. This thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter describes the...

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This study attempts to determine to what extent the patrons of Iowa Park School are progressive or traditional in their educational thinking by obtaining at first hand their reactions to some of our present-day educational practices, which authorities in the field agree are progressive or traditional. It also attempts to determine whether such factors as sex and economic status influence educational attitudes of parents, and whether the parent's viewpoint affects the scholastic achievement of the child.

Tourism is one of the largest industries in the world and it continues to grow at a rapid pace. Tourism is dependent upon weather and climate, particularly the length and quality of the outdoor recreation season for nature-based tourism, since it is directly affected by weather. Indirectly, the natural biophysical resources that outdoor tourism is based upon can also be altered by climate. Thus, climate change has the potential to affect nature-based tourism that takes place in national parks and other protected areas. Of the studies that analyse the impacts of climate change in national parks, the vast majority focus on conservation policy and planning rather than tourism. This study applies a single variable regression analysis technique to empirically evaluate the affects of climate change on the quantity and seasonal patterns of visitation to United States national parks under a range of climate change scenarios for the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s (The Met Office Hadley Centre CM3 B21 (United Kingdom) and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation MK2B A11 (Australia) climate models were used for the Alaskan parks, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research PCM B21 (United States) and Centre for Climate Systems Research NIES A11 (Japan) models were used for the contiguous states). Fourteen parks are included in the study, representing 12 different climate regimes across the country and 58% of total visitation to all national parks in the United States in 2005. In general, the number of visits to parks in the northern regions of the country, excluding Alaska, is projected to increase annually, with the majority of increases occurring in the spring and fall shoulder seasons. In Alaska, there is no consistent pattern on an annual basis due to projections being calculated for only the low season (winter) for Denali, and for the high season (summer) for Glacier Bay. Based on these projections, visitation may increase during the low season and decrease during the high season for Alaskan parks. Parks in the south are projected to experience decreased annual visitation as temperatures become uncomfortably hot, particularly under high emissions scenarios. The largest changes in visitation are projected to occur in the 2080s, although some parks may experience noticeable changes as early as the 2020s in particular seasons. Small to moderate changes in visitation (up to 10% annually) are projected with the low emission climate change scenarios, even into the 2080s. Small to large visitation changes (up to 47% annually) are projected using the higher emission climate change scenarios. These visitation changes could lead to the need for substantial management changes in certain US national parks as revenue collected from user fees and operational costs are altered. Additional ecological and social impacts resulting from increased visitation will also need to be critically considered. Where fewer visits are projected, decreased revenue may lead to an inability to properly manage the park. The results of the study can be used by the National Park Service and regional and park managers to plan for visitation changes that might occur as climate change continues over the 21st century.

Dr K. Kuman initiated the Limpopo research programme that at present is based on excavations conducted at three sites, Hackthorne, Kudu Koppie and Keratic Koppie. They are situated atop a remnant of an ancient Miocene terrace, approximately 4km from the present day course of the Limpopo River in the Mapungubwe National Park. A broad range of stone tool types is represented in the area, with mostly Earlier and Middle Stone Age artefacts found on the higher ground and Later Stone Age pieces found primarily on the Limpopo’s floodplain. One of the obstacles to understanding the archaeology of the region is the widespread episodic deflation that occurred here during arid periods of the Pleistocene, which had an impact on stratified sequences in the Stone Age. While all three sites have been subject to deflation, Hackthorne and Keratic Koppie are single component sites. Kudu Koppie, however, preserves some stratigraphy and provides a means of comparing and assessing the single component assemblages which have undergone varying degrees of mixing. It was therefore vital to establish a pattern of change through time at Kudu Koppie, with a sequence of late Earlier, Middle and Later Stone Age deposits, using a combination of strategies including typology, technological analysis and a study of raw material exploitation. These data suggest that Hackthorne is primarily a late Earlier Stone Age (ESA) assemblage with some Middle Stone Age (MSA) mixing, while Keratic Koppie preserves an ESA assemblage with a more significant MSA component. The ESA component is further argued to be a final post-Acheulean industry with a major component of woodworking tools, suggesting it may be a local variant of the Sangoan Industrial Complex.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-126). / This thesis inquires into Sunset's activity as a home magazine in the 1930s and 1940s. In viewing this period, this study draws from Sunset's entire history: from its inception in 1898 as a travel brochure for Southern Pacific Railroad, through a period as a literary magazine, through the late 1940s when it was already recognized as a leading western home magazine. In the 50th Anniversary issue, the editors reflected on the magazine's accomplishments and concluded that Sunset had been a "constructive and helpful influence in the development of Western homes and Western home life." This thesis investigates the extent of Sunset's interaction within this development. Three separate enterprises that reveal the magazine's attempt to define domesticity for the 'westerner' will be outlined in this thesis. First, spanning Sunset's first fifty years, a construction of a concept called Western Living is revealed by following the development of the magazine's departments and subtitles. Second, focusing on a period that begins with the Great Depression and ends with the postwar migration to the suburbs, Sunset's involvement in a search for the appropriate 'western' home unfolds through a study of a series of articles. This endeavor deemed the Ranch Style house as the 'western' house, and with that, the magazine's Western Living construct was completed. Finally, a study of Sunset's exploration of the 'backyard' and the relationship between the house and the constrained and ubiquitous lot ends this investigation. The author of this thesis presents the first comprehensive study of Sunset's mode of operation as a home magazine. It is the intent that this inquiry will initiate a discussion regarding the role of the popular home magazine as an operative variant of architectural discourse. / by Robert Alexander Gonzalez. / M.S.

This thesis is a study of the cultural production of Exmoor National Park. It proceeds through analysis of both historical representations of the space called ‘National Park’ and contemporary social processes in which National Park users engage with the landscape. This project draws on a cross-disciplinary range of literature, from local histories of Exmoor, to tourism studies, critical human geography and cultural theory. Empirical material includes primary texts, transcripts from discussion groups and ethnographic experiences. The research unpacks the reproduction of the space called ‘Exmoor National Park’. It traces the composition of this space in historical and contemporary texts, charting the authorised visions of National Parks in metanarratives and official discourses. Through close reading and textual analysis, assumptions and prevailing wisdoms about the territory ‘Exmoor National Park’ are unsettled. The way that National Parks were represented as a space, or territory, is explored in three ways. First, by considering the boundary which defined the space ‘National Park’, second, by exploring the conceptualisation of National Park land and landscape, and third, by examining governance of engagements between National Park users and the terrain. Analysis highlights multiplicity and political striation in the idea of a territory called ‘National Park’. The thesis develops by exploring contemporary National Park users’ narratives of their engagement with Exmoor. . Findings from discussion groups and ethnographic experiences are used to advance an understanding of the ways users organise their enjoyment of Exmoor. These comprise three modes of engagement with the national landscape: processes of connecting, encountering conflict and working. As an ESRC CASE commissioned project, the findings of this research have been applied through the production of a toolkit called From Special Qualities to Special Experiences (ENPA, 2015), in collaboration with Exmoor National Park Authority. This title articulates the shift from a concern with features of the National Park as a territory, towards the social processes in which Exmoor is experienced.

The central objective of the investigation in this study is to determine a means of attaining an economically efficient combination of resources to maximize the level of services provided by a national park under the conditions of a limited budget, a constrained production possibilities set, and a limited availability of inputs. First, a theoretical model is built which elucidates the collective and private good natures of national park products. The theory identifies the optimality criteria for the provision of park products in a system of limited resources. It is noted, however, that the theoretically determined optimal solution cannot be expected to emerge automatically in a market situation due to the social good nature of some park products. Therefore, a second-best objective of maximizing the value of the park's output as evaluated by the park's superintendent is adopted for use in the study's applied analysis. The empirical model which is then constructed, combines concepts from economic theory and mathematical programming which lend themselves to solving the production economizing problems facing a park. It offers national park managers operational tools for aiding in their decision-making. While the paper points to important implications for current policy, it also indicates promising directions for future study .

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Texas A&M University, 2005. / "Major Subject: Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences" Title from author supplied metadata (automated record created on Sep. 15, 2006.) Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. Title from title screen (viewed Mar. 21, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-101). Online version of the print original.