Rater training is important for improving the quality of human resource decisions. However, there is little research that has examined the influence of trainee individual differences on rater training effectiveness. In Study 1, I found support for a partially mediated model in which learning goal orientation, internal locus of control, and promotion focus influenced rater training motivation through general self-efficacy. In Study 2, I extended the model to include rater training criteria, and I found that rater training motivation did not predict declarative knowledge, rating validity, or rating accuracy, but cognitive ability predicted all three outcomes. Overall, the results suggest that although individual differences in attitudes are relevant for understanding rater training motivation, cognitive ability may be much more important for understanding rater training effectiveness. Implications for rater training theory and practice are discussed.

Raters have been shown to react differently to performance evaluation formats. However, reactions to a new and promising format, frame-of-reference scales (FORS), remains untested. This experiment found that FORS users reacted more positively compared to standard scale users overall, and results were attributable to perceived accuracy and fairness.

Pollution levels in urban areas continue to rise, with transportation being the number one cause. As cities ban fossil fuel cars access to the city center, this project looks at the delivery of packgaes from internet purchases. A three-wheeled, human-powered and electrically assisted vehicle is designed. This vehicle is dsigned to work together with last-mile logistics. A scientific design process was carried out to define the stakeholders, competition and requirements of the project, among others.The results yielded a semi-finished vehicle, comprising of the frame, general design, FEA analysis, delivery system and an optimization process for the frame. Future work includes economical or social study, design of the brakes and gear system or a design of the frame-cabin connection.

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En förutsättning för att kunna förhindra att terrorattacker utförs är kunskap om de bakomliggande motiven och drivkrafterna. Om vi känner till de bakomliggande motiven och drivkrafterna finns det möjlighet att kunna påverka dessa faktorer och därigenom minska risken för nya terrorattacker. I den här studien undersöker jag om collective action frames och rational choice teorin var för sig eller tillsammans kan förklara orsakerna till terrorism. Fram till idag har den strategiska modellen varit den mest använda teorin för att förklara orsaker till terrorism. Modellen utgår från rational choice teorin men har avgränsats till att enbart hantera politiska faktorer, vilket har kritiserats. Kritikerna menar att människors känslor har en betydelse för deras handlingar. Här prövar jag två teorier som teoretiskt kan förklara känslornas betydelse för att människor utför terrorhandlingar, dels rational choice teorin och dels collective action frames. Studien visar att teorierna kompletterar varandra men det är enbart rational choice teorin som förklarar orsaker till handlingarna, och då endast rationellt motiverade instrumentella handlingar. Det är många handlingar som inte kan förklaras med någon av teorierna. Slutsatsen är att det sannolikt inte finns en generell teori som kan förklara alla olika typer av handlingar ner till en sådan detaljnivå att resultatet faktiskt är användbart. Det finns många olika motiv och drivkrafter som kan ligga bakom en handling och det finns så många olika användningsområden för resultaten att en enda teori skulle bli oanvändbar då det sannolikt är alldeles för många parametrar att hantera inom ett och samma teoribygge.

With their various structures and operations, the operational magnetic flux densities inside those energy conversion mechanisms are non-uniformly distributed, hence large deviations are exhibited among the actual and the estimated values of iron losses in those electric machines. The available datasheets provided by the steel manufacturers derived from standard measurement systems can only cover some typical information, accuracies of applying these data for related machine performance evaluations at those operational conditions are always uncertain. To establish more convincing datasheet for the calculation of iron loss in machines, standing between the steel manufacturers and the electric machine designers, the application of improved magnetic circuits analysis and the numerical Epstein Frame is proposed. The static transformers and the rotary synchronous switched-reluctance motors will be thoroughly calculated for illustrations. Based on the aforementioned datasheets and the iron losses evaluation procedure, when designing the similar machines, the iron losses could be appropriately estimated, and more detailed information could be supplied.

The primary intent of this study was to gain insight into children's ability to use visual information in planning reaching movements. More specifically, the work presented here examined, from a developmental perspective, the use of visual information to use a) egocentric cues, b) allocentric cues, and c) the combination, in the form of visual background around a target. Children representing the age groups 5-, 7-, 9-, 11 years and adults participated in three experiments. All experiments were conducted using an immediate (visually-guided) and response-delay (memory-guided) paradigm. Experiment 1 examined the ability of participants to use an egocentric frame of reference to estimate reach via motor imagery. Results indicated that introducing a >̲ 2s delay affected responses in all age groups, especially the younger age groups (5- and 7-year-olds). As delay increased, children as a group tended to overestimate, while adults underestimated. Experiment 2 investigated how participants used allocentric cues to estimate the location of objects in a perceptual estimate paradigm. Results revealed that introducing a delay affected the estimation of distance among all age groups, with greater effect on the younger age groups. Experiment 3 examined how a visual background surrounding a target would affect estimation of reach. Results revealed that there were no differences when targets were surrounded with or without a background. Results also showed that the 5- and 7-year-olds were most affected on their perception of reach and estimates by longer delays. Considered together, these results hint that: (1) there is a significant temporal constraint on the representation of movement through the visoumotor stream, especially with children 7 years and younger, and (2) children as a whole tend to operate and rely more on an egocentric frame of reference; therefore, responses of reachability and distance estimates were susceptible to greater error when performed after a 2s delay.

The positions of high stress concentration in a bicycle frame structure made in composite materials and a way to strengthen them were investigated via SolidWorks and ANSYS, 3D picture plotting software, and numerical simulation software, respectively. The capability of productivity will be improved indirectly due to the shortening of the time in the process of customers¡¦ order, research, development and mass production. In experiment, prepreg tape (TOHO UT500 carbon fiber/AD. Group matrix) which were produced by AD. Group were made into laminates by hot-pressing machine. The material constants of the laminate and the stress-strain diagram were obtained according to the stander of ASTM D3039. The received material constants are E11 =151.55 GPa and E22 = 7.654 GPa, respectively. In simulation, the experimental data E11 and E22 were used in the numerical analysis, and obtained the stress and deformation fields of the bicycle frame structure and the front fork were plotted based on the standards provided by AD. Group. Reinforcements were made according to the positions of stress concentration in the diagrams. The results of improvements of the front fork after reinforcement include¡G the deformation of normal rigidity was improved to 9.45mm from 12.89mm, and the lateral deformation was significantly improved to 0.97mm from 13mm. Other improvements of the frame structure after reinforcement contain the deformation: dual-side rigidity was improved to 6.6mm from 11.7mm, and the deformation of single-side rigidity was improved to 12.5mm. The rigidity of the head lug was 0.46mm and there is no need to reinforce it because it was meets requirements. Keywords: Numerical analysis, bicycle frame, prepreg, stress concentration.

­^¤åºK­n¡G In this thesis, a two-step de-embedded techniques was applied to measure the important parameters, ft and fmax , of the heterojunction bipolar transistors(HBTs). The same technique was also used to measure the wide-band S parameters for modeling and evaluating the bump chip carrier(BCC) packages. In the simulation, the Ansoft HFSS simulator was used to calculate the insertion and return losses for some bare and packaged test chips. Comparison between simulated and measured results has been discussed in detail to illustrate the applicability of the HFSS simulator.

With the prevalence of leisure sport, riding mountain bikes becomes an enormous vogue today. The mountain bikes undoubtedly have become one of the most popular products in the leisure sport market. Based on its superior standard of operating quality and the demand of comfortableness, the requirement of the outstanding rear suspension mechanism of mountain bikes is one of the crucial components in the design procedure. The purpose of this work is to provide a design procedure of the system of rear suspension mechanisms of mountain bikes by using the concept of engineering design method. First, to investigate the essential requirements of the system of rear suspension mechanisms of mountain bikes is started. Then the design targets of this research are decided further in order to establish the requirement book for the system of rear suspension mechanisms of mountain bikes. Second, the kinematic design of rear suspension mechanisms is proceeding. Computer Aided Tried and Error program is utilized for synthesizing the dimensions of rear suspension mechanisms to meet the requirement of functions. Finally, topology theory is applied to synthesize the frames of mountain bikes. Furthermore, the systematic design procedure is developed to perform the embodiment design of the system of rear suspension mechanisms of mountain bikes.