The dynamic environmental history and relative sea level (RSL) changes experienced on the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America during the early post-glacial period and the early Holocene resulted in significant visibility challenges for prospection of early coastal archaeological sites. Archaeological visibility is the degree to which cultural material survives post-depositional processes and is detectable on the landscape today. It is influenced by environmental factors such as localized differences in relative sea level change, the rainforest canopy and dynamic post-glacial activity. This study offers an integrated methodological approach for locating palaeo-coastal sites by combining: i) geomorphic interpretation of landscape attributes captured by LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) mapping, ii) GIS-based archaeological site potential mapping, and iii) local RSL history. The RSL history for the study site (Quadra Island, British Columbia, Canada) shows notable regression over the past 14 500 years from a highstand of at least 195 m resulting from post-glacial isostatic rebound. Late Pleistocene and early Holocene palaeo-shorelines are found inland from, and elevated above, modern sea level and represent key areas for archaeological prospecting. Bare-earth Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) derived from the LIDAR dataset were interpreted to identify palaeo-shorelines at 10 m and 30 m above modern mean sea level. A GIS-derived map was created to identify regions of high archaeological potential using a decision tree method with variables including distance to palaeo-shoreline, low slope and a coastal complexity parameter. Select geoarchaeological sites were examined in terms of sedimentology, stratigraphy, microfossil content and geochronology as site-specific examples of sea level regression stillstands. Field validation results suggest that this integrated methodology provides a promising approach for archaeological prospection that could be applied to other post-glacial coastal settings. / Graduate

This study evaluated the efficacy of cognitive therapy and biofeedback training in lowering Dlood pressures of normotensives under no-stress and stress conditions. A cognitive therapy group was compared to biofeedback and habituation control groups with 32 normotensives. Subjects were taught to use the electronic sphygmomanometer that served as the device to measure blood pressure during pretreatment and posttreatment phases of the study. These measurement phases each consisted of three 19 minute periods. Trie first period consisted of no-stress, and then a stress period followed. Return-to-no-stress was the final period. Subjects in the cognitive therapy and biofeedbacK groups received five sessions of self-control training of 66 minutes each between the pre- and posttreatment phases. The cold pressor was the analogue stressor used to induce bxood pressure elevations,

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this thesis was to analyze the responses of pigs when subjected to a nutritional program established for each individual in real time based on the concepts proposed by the system POMAR et al., (2009) and HAUSCHILD et al., (2012). This study was divided into two experimental phases. In the first phase performance data and production costs between two nutritional programs were evaluated, during 28 days. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (Individual and Daily Nutrition Program - PID and by Program Group by Phases - PGP) and 10 replications, with the animal as the experimental unit. In the second experimental stage, an assay was performed to assess the balance of nitrogen (N) for the two nutritional programs. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments PID and PGP, six replicates, and the animal as the experimental unit. The animals were housed in metabolic cages for a period of seven days for adaptation and five days for total collection of feces and urine. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between nutritional programs for feed intake daily (ID), body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC) and feed efficiency (FE). Due to the adjustment of the diet requirements of animals at the levels provided in PID: Crude Protein (CP), Lysine (Lys), Methionine (Met), Threonine (Thr) and Phosphorus (Pho), were respectively 14.50%, 12.23%, 28.26%, 12.98% and 14.29% lower on average compared to the values provided by the PGP. The production cost per kilogram for the period was: PID R$ 2.01 and PGP R$ 2.19. The gross profit margin for nutritional programs PID and PGP were R$ 0.99 and R$ 0.81, respectively. Nitrogen retention did not differ (P > 0.05) between the feeding programs, with average values of 27.86 g/day for the PGP and 27.31 g/day for the PID. The animals showed an average nitrogen intake of 48 g/day PID and 56 g/day PGP. The average nitrogen excretion increased from 26.89 g/day in the PGP to 19.71 g/day in the PID. It is concluded that reducing the supply of nutrients due to the adjustment of supply to the animal does not affect pig performance and further reduces the cost of production, increasing gross margin profitability. The model is able to reduce the levels of N excreted by pigs. / O objetivo desta dissertação foi analisar as respostas de suínos quando submetidos a um programa nutricional estabelecido para cada individuo em tempo real com base nos conceitos do sistema proposto por POMAR et al., (2009) e no modelo de HAUSCHILD et al., (2012). Este estudo foi dividido em duas fases experimentais. Na primeira fase foram avaliados dados de desempenho e custos de produção entre dois programas nutricionais. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos (Programa Nutricional Individual e Diário - PID e Programa em Grupo por Fases - PGF) e 10 repetições, sendo o animal a unidade experimental. Período experimental de 28 dias. Na segunda fase experimental foi realizado um ensaio metabólico para avaliar o balanço de Nitrogênio (N) para os dois programas nutricionais. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos PID e PGF, seis repetições, sendo o animal a unidade experimental. Os animais foram alojados em gaiolas metabólicas por um período de sete dias para adaptação e cinco dias para coletas totais de fezes e urina. Não houve diferença (P > 0,05) entre os programas nutricionais para consumo médio diário (CMD), peso vivo (PV), ganho médio diário (GMD), conversão alimentar (CA) e eficiência alimentar (EF). Devido ao ajuste da dieta às exigências dos animais no PID os níveis fornecidos de: Proteína Bruta (PB), Lisina (Lis), Metionina (Met), Treonina (Tre) e Fósforo (Fós), foram respectivamente 14,50%, 12,23%, 28,26%, 12,98% e 14,29% menores na média em relação aos valores fornecidos pelo PGF. O custo de produção por quilograma para o período foi: PID R$ 2,01 e PGF R$ 2,19. A margem bruta de lucro para os programas nutricionais PID e PGF foram de R$ 0,99 e R$ 0,81, respectivamente. A retenção de nitrogênio não diferiu (P > 0,05) entre os programas de alimentação, com valores médios de 27,86 g/dia para o PGF e 27,31 g/dia para o PID. Os animais apresentaram um consumo médio de nitrogênio de 48 g/dia PID e 56 g/dia PGF. A excreção média de nitrogênio passou de 26,89 g/dia no PGF para 19,71 g/dia no PID. Conclui-se que a redução no fornecimento de nutrientes devido ao ajuste da oferta às exigências do animal não afeta o desempenho dos suínos e ainda reduz o custo de produção, aumentando a margem bruta de lucratividade. O modelo consegue reduzir os níveis de N excretados pelos suínos.

Une performance soutenable et importante est l'objectif principal du management de toute organisation. La viabilité d'une entreprise dépend de sa capacité à trouver un équilibre entre deux activités très différentes. D’une part elle doit exploiter les certitudes existantes pour garantir la réussite des opérations courantes et d’autre part explorer de nouvelles opportunités pour la mise en œuvre rapide des nouvelles idées qui garantissent l'avenir de l'organisation. Les organisations ambidextres ont une aptitude à poursuivre de manière simultanée ces activités et produisent des innovation radicales et incrémentielles. Notre recherche montre que pour être ambidextre seulement la séparation des activités n’est pas suffisante. Sans une intégration et une combinaison de ces structures et ces processus, l’unité d’exploration sera incapable d’exploiter ses résultats et a plus de chance disparaitre avec le temps comme la structure inefficace. Pour survivre sur le long terme, l’entreprise doit intégrer l’ambidexterité de manière fractale et dynamique. Ce nouveau concept propose une solution à la question de l’équilibre entre les activités et elle se définit comme la capacité organisationnelle à reproduire l’exploration et l’exploitation simultanément à différents niveaux organisationnels et être capable de changer leurs proportions quand cela est nécessaire / The main objective in management of any organization is a successful and sustainable performance. To survive over time, a company should combine two competing activities. On the one hand, it must exploit existing certainties to be effective in the short term, and on the other hand, being capable at the same time to explore new opportunities to be innovative in the future. Ambidextrous organizations have the ability to pursue these activities simultaneously and produce radical and incremental innovation. In our research, we show that to achieve ambidexterity separation of activities is important, but not sufficient. Without integration between business structures and processes, the exploratory activity of the innovation unit is more likely to shrink and disappear with time as unprofitable function. To survive and sustain in the long term, a company should adapt fractal and dynamic ambidexterity. This new concept provides us with a solution to the question of balance and determines the organizational ability to define and set the appropriate proportions of exploration and exploitation simultaneously at multiple organizational levels and re-configure them when it is necessary to meet the change.

This study investigated the effects of trust level and note-taking upon the level of self-disclosure among prisoners. Sixty inmates at a federal prison were administered the Rotter Interpersonal Trust Scale. Next, using a median split, participants were divided into two groups of high and low mistrust. Subjects within each of these groups were then randomly assigned to a high, low, or no note-taking condition. Each prisoner then discussed an intimate topic for thirty minutes. Level of self-disclosure was measured by an abbreviated version of the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank. No significant differences were found as a function of trust level or note-taking condition. Some implications for further research are suggested.

M.Tech. (Homoeopathy) / Overweight and obesity is an excessive accumulation of fat and can be classified using the body mass index (BMI). Being overweight has a whole host of health-related risks, which includes metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus type II to name a few (Goedecke et al. 2005). Interleukin 6 (IL-6), secreted from the adipose tissue surrounding the waist line is responsible for a state of systemic chronic low level inflammation and plays a crucial role in the development of diseases associated with being overweight (Fantuzzi, 2005). Food sensitivities further contributes to this state of low level chronic inflammation. Symptoms of food sensitivities include, difficulty losing weight as well as over eating, which hinders weight loss in over weight individuals (Joyal, 2010). Anti-inflammatory diets such as the Mediterranean diet focuses on a diet rich in antiinflammatory foods, which is known to decrease chronic low level inflammation caused by being overweight and obese. (Galland, 2010). The aim of this study was to determine the comparative effect of the Mediterranean diet to a modified Mediterranean diet (excludes common food sensitivities) on the circulating levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in overweight females by measuring weight loss and IL-6 levels. The study was an experimental comparative study involving thirty female participants who were between the ages of 20-45 and were overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m²). Potential participants attended an initial interview where they were screened by means of inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as a physical exam that included vitals, weight (kg), waist measurement (cm), hip-to-waist ratio and calculation of BMI. Individuals who met these criteria were sent for blood tests to measure their Interleukin 6 levels (IL-6). Those individuals with an IL-6 level of greater than 0.96pg/ml were then contacted to set up a first appointment. Participants were allocated to either the modified Mediterranean diet or to the Mediterranean diet using matched pairs. Participants attended a three week as well as a 6 week follow up to tract weight-loss progress.

Magister Curationis - MCur / The nurse preceptors underwent a preceptorship training programme offered by the University of the Western Cape, School of Nursing, which prepared them for this teaching role. A quantitative study was done following this preceptorship training programme but no qualitative study since. It is vital to explore the experiences of these trained nurse preceptors regarding clinical teaching practice post the training programme. The aim of the study was to explore trained nurse preceptors‟ experiences regarding their clinical teaching practice in the Western Cape. The objective was to describe trained nurse preceptors‟ experiences of their clinical teaching practice in the service settings in the Western Cape. An exploratory, descriptive, contextual design was used to describe the experiences of trained nurse preceptors in the Western Cape. A purposive sample was selected from three levels of healthcare service settings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by the researcher with nine individual nurse preceptors who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Data analysis was done following Collaizi‟s‟ steps which led to coding of categories and themes. The findings indicated that preceptorship training programme had changed the nurse preceptors‟ perceptions. These nurse preceptors were prepared by the programme and ready for the preceptor role. Their teaching skills were strengthened and improved. They accepted the training programme as adequate preparation to facilitate clinical teaching and learning of students and found it to be effective for their self-development. These findings will inform v the managers about clinical teaching practice, assist the offering institution with the evaluation of the preceptorship training programme and add to an existing literature about the experiences of nurse preceptors. This research recommends that the education institutions, in collaboration with the clinical facilities initiate a qualitative study to explore the experiences of students preceptored by trained nurse preceptors. Such a study will further explore the effectiveness of the preceptorship training programme from the perspective of the students. With the positive feedback from the participants, it is essential that the training of preceptors remains one of the continuing education programme offered by the University of the Western Cape. Permission to conduct this research was obtained from the University of Western Cape, Senate Higher Degrees Committee, and Western Cape of Provincial Department Research Team in Western Cape as well as from the Chief Executive Officers of the three levels of healthcare service settings.

Masters of Science / The present study is an understanding of the relationship that exists between landholding and the reproductive behaviour of rural women in Kenya. Traditional women have rights to cultivate land as well as control income from the resulting crop production but rarely have rights to allocate or alienate land. Men are the rightful owners of the land. When the rightful owner person passes away, the eldest son of the family automatically takes ownership of the land and subsequent care of the family. This period of land ownership supported high fertility rates. However, in current spaces this practice has changed. Land is scarce and people are opting for other alternatives of limiting their family sizes. The aim of the study is to address the dissimilar changes of fertility behaviour among women in rural Kenya. Particularly, landholdings and low fertility behaviour, focusing on how this change happened. Data used is from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) 2008/2009. We acquire a representative sample size of 6761 women age 15-49 from the data. A multiplicity of statistical parameters like chi-square test, p-value, logistic regression, and multivariate analysis are adopted. In this regard, the relationship that exists between fertility and landholdings leads to large family sizes. In addition, land decrease has lead to the search of alternatives such as education, employment, and increase in age at marriage. The introduction of these factors has promoted smaller family sizes. This study is immensely useful for the policy makers, planners and other interested stakeholders in population and development spheres in this juncture.

There is no abstract: / Thesis (PhD (Entrepreneurship))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Business Management / unrestricted

Client reports of perceived helpfulness in therapy may provide valuable information to clinicians and researchers about what makes therapy therapeutic for individuals. This may help us to understand more about common factors in effective psychotherapies, to explain the processes through which these factors might operate and to understand how the therapeutic relationship contributes to change for different clients. However, the meth-methodological complexity involved in the design of experimental studies has so far prevented research from being able to fully utilise what clients can tell us about their experience of change. This thesis aimed to address some of these challenges in client centered psychotherapy process research.