Cette thèse est, au départ, une contribution indirecte au problème de la modélisation de l'acquisition des catégories phonétiques chez l'enfant. Les modèles computationnels déjà proposés n'ont encore jamais été testés de manière systématique pour déterminer s'ils sont réellement à même de rendre compte d'une partie conséquente des observations empiriques disponibles. Nous développons une approche permettant une évaluation systématique des modèles sur la base de Mesures de Discriminabilité ABX. Nous montrons l'intérêt de notre approche en l'appliquant à deux problèmes reliés: la traitement des catégories phonétiques à la naissance et à l'âge adulte. La prochaine étape sera bien sûr d'appliquer notre approche aux modèles d'acquisition des catégories phonétiques.L'intérêt des Mesures de Discriminabilité ABX ne se restreint pas au cas particulier de l'évaluation des modèles de traitement des catégories phonétiques. Elle sont utiles dans l'étude de signaux autre que la parole et de catégories autres que les catégories phonétiques, ainsi que dans le cadre de champs disciplinaires autres que les sciences cognitives, comme l'ingénierie, l'exploration des données ou l'intelligence artificielle par exemple. Nous le justifions en étudiant les propriétés de ces mesures dans un cadre abstrait général et en présentant trois grandes familles d'applications: l'évaluation de la capacité de systèmes opérant en l'absence de supervision explicite à représenter une structure catégorielle; la formulation de modèles computationnels simples du comportement dans des tâches de discrimination; la définition de mesures descriptives pour des représentations associées à des données catégorielles. / This thesis constitutes an indirect contribution to the problem of modeling phonetic category acquisition in infancy. Some specific computational models of phonetic category acquisition have been proposed, but they were never tested extensively nor compared quantitatively to see whether they were really able to account for a sizable portion of the available empirical observations. In this thesis, we introduce ABX-Discriminability Measures and we develop a methodology based on these measures that allows to perform such a systematic evaluation. We demonstrate the interest of our framework by applying it to the evaluation of models for two related problems: phonetic category processing at birth and in adulthood. The next step, applying our framework to models of phonetic category acquisition, is left for future work.The interest of ABX-Discriminability Measures is not restricted to the particular problem of evaluating models of phonetic category processing in humans. We argue that their interest generalizes to the study of other signals than speech and other category structures than phonetic categories, as well as to other research fields than cognitive science, like low-resource engineering, data mining and artificial intelligence for example. To make this point, we study the properties of these measures in a general abstract framework and we detail the rationale for three broad family of potential applications: evaluating systems operating without explicit supervision in their ability to represent a category structure; providing simple computational models of behavior in discrimination tasks; providing descriptive measurements for representations of categorical data.

This research examines if an indistinguishable, or equal, frequency response of a software plug-in that is emulating an analog equalizer can be reconstructed using a more standard digital equalizer  such as one incorporated with a digital audio workstation (DAW). It is narrowed down to solely involve high frequency bands by analyzing the emulating plug-ins hi-shelving filters. A two-comparison forced choice ABX-test was conducted to verify the hypotheses and the results show that the difference between the original and the reconstructed hi-shelving filter was inaudible to the listening test participants. Further research and application for these findings is discussed

[ES] El presente trabajo titulado "Elaboración y caracterización de láminas delgadas híbridas orgánico-inorgánicas de perovskita para células solares fotovoltaicas" es una contribución a la mejora del rendimiento y la capacidad de las láminas delgadas de perovskita para su uso en células solares fotovoltaicas. Este trabajo de investigación de laboratorio se divide en dos partes principales. La primera parte está dedicada a la preparación con éxito de películas finas de perovskita basadas en metilamonio MA, formamidinio FA y cesio Cs utilizando precursores, y también a la fabricación preliminar de polvos MAPbI3, MAPbBr3 y MAPbCl3. Se hizo hincapié en la mezcla de halógenos y el dopado. Estas películas finas se caracterizaron con vistas a su uso en células solares. Los resultados muestran que las láminas delgadas producidas son muy adecuadas para su uso como láminas delgadas absorbentes en células solares fotovoltaicas. Además, se estudiaron las distintas propiedades de las películas finas para evaluar su rendimiento. La segunda parte se ocupa del estudio del envejecimiento de las películas delgadas producidas. Esta parte de la investigación está dirigida a estudiar la estabilidad de las películas delgadas producidas. Las películas procesadas se caracterizan primero en estado fresco y luego se exponen al ambiente. Después de 4 semanas de exposición, se caracterizaron nuevamente. Los resultados de las caracterizaciones de las películas envejecidas comparadas con las de las películas frescas muestran el estado de deterioro de las películas. Dependiendo de sus propiedades, estos resultados comparativos muestran que algunas películas son más resistentes a la intemperie que otras. Las películas producidas se caracterizaron principalmente por XRD, SEM, absorción UV- visible y, para algunas películas se añadió AFM y EDS. / [CA] Aquest treball és una contribució per millorar el rendiment i la capacitat de les pel·lícules primes de perovskita per al seu ús en cèl·lules solars fotovoltaiques. Aquest treball de recerca de laboratori es divideix en dues parts principals. La primera part està dedicada a la fabricació de pols MAPbI3, MAPbBr3 i MAPbCl3 i també a la preparació i caracterització de pel·lícules primes per al seu ús en cèl·lules solars. Els resultats van mostrar que les pel·lícules primes produïdes són molt adequades per al seu ús com a pel·lícules primes absorbents en cèl·lules solars fotovoltaiques. A més, es van estudiar les diverses propietats de les pel·lícules primes per avaluar-ne el rendiment. La segona part s'ocupa de l'estudi de l'envelliment de les pel·lícules primes produïdes. Aquesta part de la investigació està adreçada a estudiar l'estabilitat de les pel·lícules primes produïdes. Les pel·lícules processades es caracteritzen primer en estat fresc i després s'exposen a l'ambient. Després de 4 setmanes d¿exposició, es van caracteritzar novament. Els resultats de les caracteritzacions de les pel·lícules envellides comparades amb les de les pel·lícules fresques mostren l'estat de deteriorament de les pel·lícules. Depenent de les seves propietats, aquests resultats comparatius mostren que algunes pel·lícules són més resistents a la intempèrie que d'altres. Les pellícules produïdes es van caracteritzar principalment per XRD, SEM, absorció UV- visible i, per a algunes pel·lícules es va afegir AFM i EDS. / [EN] The present work is a contribution to enhancing the performance and capacity of perovskite thin films for use in photovoltaic solar cells. This laboratory research work is divided into two main parts. The first part is devoted to the manufacture of MAPbI3, MAPbBr3 and MAPbCl3 powders and also to the successful preparation and characterisation of thin films for use in solar cells. The results showed that the thin films produced are well suited to their use as absorbing thin films in photovoltaic solar cells. In addition, the various properties of the thin films were studied in order to assess their performance. The second part deals with the study of the ageing of the thin films produced. This part of the research is aimed at studying the stability of the thin films produced. The processed films are first characterised fresh and then exposed to the ambient environment. After 4 weeks of exposure, they were characterised again. The results of the characterisations of the aged films compared with those of the fresh films show the state of deterioration of the films. Depending on their properties, these comparative results show that some films are more resistant to the elements than others. The characterisations carried out are mainly XRD, SEM, UV-visible absorption and, for some films, AFM and EDS. Key words: development, characterisation, thin films, stability, MAPbX3, FAPbX3, CsPbX3, powders / Doumbia, Y. (2024). Elaboration et caractérisation des couches minces pérovskites hybrides organiques-inorganiques pour les cellules solaires photovoltaïques [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/202699

Once a year for over forty years public relations’ practitioners in Sweden gathers, the political week in Almedalen, in the town of Visby. There they exchange knowledge and experience on all types of subjects using different and common communication models whether they are aware of them or not. The research on communication models is sparse, with one exception: Grunig’s model. Both practitioners and researches believe them to be important, even strategic. But too little knowledge about the models as such negatively impacts the understanding of public relations’ activities. It also contributes to the view that public relations is frittered. The thesis studies and analyses communication models of public relations. Models have been created by theorists and practitioners to describe the phenomenon, to understand communication as such and to facilitate communication between humans. The thesis addresses basic questions such as which models there are, where they stem from, who the originators were and the characteristics of each respective model. The basis of the study is comprehensive Anglo-American literature. All in all, over twenty different models have been analyzed in three different ways, i.e. the structure of a model, its historical deposits (sediment) and the application of the model. The result is manifold, since many characteristics form ten attributes and three families of models (a reduction). The characteristics can be seen as the models’ building blocks, e.g. the direction of the communication, the number of contacts and synchronism. Three model families are built on three differentiating characteristics, and the families are named correspondingly. Directional model (Riktningsmodellen), the Co-orientational model (Saminriktningsmodellen) and the Connectivity model (Konnektivitetsmodellen). The classification is of course not set in stone. It should be regarded as a first step to reduce the number of models in use and concentrate on the important characteristics of the models that help public relations researchers and professionals to solve problems and theorists to explain, foresee or guide to better public relations. Finally, five areas of future research are presented: a multinational study of models, a study of practitioners’ model use, a deeper history study according the concept of sediment, a notational system for models and, last but not least, a development of the Connectivity model. The last subject is the one that once inspired me to write a thesis. / <p>QC 20170426</p>