Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-11-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:38:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_ls_me_ilha.pdf: 2918640 bytes, checksum: 77955c3e7abab641549a8794e03fecfb (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O reator aeróbio de leito fluidizado com circulação apresenta características que permitem efetuar o tratamento em apenas uma etapa. O uso deste reator torna-se atraente devido à possibilidade de mantê-lo com uma alta concentração de biomassa ativa, propiciando seu porte compacto, conseqüência do reduzido período de detenção hidráulica. A eficiência do biofilme no tratamento depende das condições hidrodinâmicas do reator, uma vez que sua espessura pode ser alterada de acordo com a velocidade de circulação, e a transferência de oxigênio através de suas camadas depende da vazão de ar injetada no sistema. O trabalho propôs-se a investigar a influência da relação entre diâmetros dos tubos concêntricos em quatro configurações, mantendo o diâmetro externo constante e igual a 250 mm e alterando o diâmetro interno entre 100, 125, 150 e 200 mm, proporcionando relações Ae/Ai iguais a 5,25; 3,00; 1,78 e; 0,56, respectivamente. O tubo interno possui 2,22 m e é posicionado 0,05m acima do fundo do reator. A altura estática da coluna de fluido foi 2,35 m. Os ensaios hidrodinâmicos – velocidade do líquido, fração volumétrica de ar, tempo de mistura – e os de transferência de oxigênio foram realizados para vazões de ar até 2500 l/h em meio bifásico e em meio trifásico com concentrações de areia iguais a 30, 70, 100 e 150 g/l. O diâmetro interno de 125 mm foi o mais eficiente na indução de velocidade de circulação do líquido. A fração volumétrica de ar aumentou com o aumento do diâmetro interno para mesmas velocidades superficiais de ar, com exceção do menor diâmetro, o qual apresentou comportamento diferenciado dos demais. Os reator com diâmetro interno de 150 mm apresentou maiores valores de KLa para as mesmas vazões de ar. Observou-se que a adição de sólidos causou um decréscimo da velocidade do líquido e da fração... / Aerobic internal-loop airlift reactor has some characteristics that allow wastewater treatment in a single stage. The attractive to use this kind of reactor is mainly because of its capacity of maintaining a high active biomass concentration into it, which induces its small structure, in a consequence of its small hydraulic detention time. The biofilm efficiency in the treatment depends on reactor’s hydrodynamic conditions. The structure of the biofilm and the oxygen transfer into its layers is affected by the liquid velocity induced by the air flow rate. This work proposed an investigation about the influence of the diameter of the concentric tubes, using four geometric configurations. The model had a 250 mm external tube and the inner draft tube with diameters of 100, 125, 150 and 200 mm, which means AD/AR equals to 5.25, 3.00, 1.78 and 0.56, respectively. The draft tube’s height was 2,22 m and was positioned 0,05 m above the bottom of the reactor. The static fluid height was 2,35 m. The hydrodynamic tests – liquid velocities, gas hold up, mixture time – and the oxygen transfer tests were conducted for two and three-phase systems, with variable air flow rate up to 2500 l/h. The solid phase concentrations used were 30, 70, 100 and 150 g/l. The 125 mm reactor was the most efficient in inducing the liquid circulation velocity. The gas hold up increased with the increasing of the draft tube diameter, for same superficial gas velocities, excepting the 100 mm, which showed a different behavior. The 150 mm reactor presented the highest values for KLa for the same air rate. It was noticed that the solids addiction decreased the liquid velocity, gas hold up and oxygen transfer. Hydrodynamics equations found in literature showed a limited applicability, evidencing the necessity of relations capable to reach the most different configuration for this kind of reactor. A mass transfer mathematic...(Complete abstract click electronic acces below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:19:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 correia_gt_me_ilha.pdf: 1747896 bytes, checksum: 7eb0e6d783d9d9c4b844592ae152c89a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O reator aeróbio de leito fluidizado com circulação interna emprega microorganismos aderidos a um meio suporte uniforme (areia), removendo tanto matéria orgânica quanto nitrogenada. Neste experimento foram estudados dois reatores com 2,6 m de altura cuja diferença era o diâmetro do tubo interno (125 e 150 mm) e foram aplicadas diferentes concentrações de meio suporte ao longo do estudo (100, 125 e 150 g.L-1). Ensaios realizados com água limpa utilizando traçador (NaCl) e sondas de condutividade elétrica mostraram que, nas vazões de ar entre 1500 – 3000 L.h-1, ocorre circulação suficiente para a suspensão do meio suporte. O esgoto doméstico passou por peneiramento estático e foram realizadas análises de DBO, DQO, NT, Namon, NO2, NO3, sólidos, espessura do biofilme, turbidez, temperatura, pH, OD e testes microbiológicos (Gram, esporos e catalase). Observou-se que a adição de meio suporte influencia positivamente na eficiência de remoção de matéria nitrogenada, e que uma menor diferença entre as áreas interna e externa facilitam o equilíbrio do sistema, apresentando assim, eficiências melhores. / Aerobic fluidized bed reactor with internal-loop uses microorganisms attached to a uniform carrier (sand), removing carbonaceous and nitrogenous matter. In this experimental work two reactors with 2,6 m height were studied. The main difference between both reactors was the inner tube diameter (125 and 150mm). Different carrier concentrations were applied in that study (100, 125 and 150g.L-1). Experiments with clean water using a marker (NaCl) and electrical conductivity probes showed that with flow taxes between 1500 – 3000 L.h-1 occurs sufficient circulation to suspend the carrier. The sewage passed by static screening and analyses of BOD, COD, total nitrogen, Namon, NO2, NO3, suspend solids, biofilm thickness, turbidity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and microbiological test (Gram, spores and catalysis) were realized. In that work, was observed that the addition of carrier has positive influences on nitrogenous matter removal efficiency, and lower differences between indoor/outdoor area facilitate system balance, showing better efficiencies.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technologae: Chemical Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering at the CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 2014 / Most softdrink industries in developing countries are moving towards wastewater reuse or recycling. Water and wastewater reutilization, costs of treatment and disposal guidelines, remain the most critical factors for the development of sustainable water use for softdrink industries. Wastewater reuse or recycle has potential in the softdrink industry, depending on the wastewater characteristics’ concentration and volume. During this study, an integrated laboratory scale anaerobic/aerobic sidestream membrane bioreactor (MBR) system was used for treating softdrink industry wastewater (SDIW). The aim was to evaluate the system’s performance, and identify potential opportunities to recycle the water, and therefore reduce freshwater intake and minimise wastewater production. The objectives were to: evaluate: 1) treatment efficiencies for the individual stages; 2) biogas production in the anaerobic stage; and 3) the overall performance of the integrated system under different operating conditions. The SDIW used in this study was classified as medium to high strength wastewater with a total chemical oxygen demand (CODt) ranging between 2 242 and 11 717 mg/L and a biological oxygen demand (BOD) of up to 1 150 mg/L. The major pollutants in the SDIW were caustic soda; dissolved sugars, namely fructose (1 071 mg/L) and sucrose (6 900 mg/L); with the pH ranging between 6.1 and 12. The SDIW was characterized by total suspended solids (TSS) of 66 mg/L, as well as fats, oils and greases (FOG) of 40 mg/L. The maximum turbidity and colour was 65.3 NTU and 42 mg Pt/L, respectively. All the physiochemical properties and inorganic parameters were within the within the City of Cape Town’s (CCT’s) industrial wastewater quality discharge standards by-law (South Africa, 2006). Excluding the total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) with maximum values were 1 050 mg/L and 1 483 μS/cm, respectively. Anaerobic pre-treatment of this SDIW was studied using a laboratory-scale expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor maintained at mesophilic temperature of between 35 to 37˚C. An organic loading rate (OLR), upflow velocity (Vup) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10.9 kg COD/m3d, 0.85 m/h and ~11.8 h, respectively, resulting in COD treatment efficiencies of up to 93% CODt. An increase in nitrate (NO3-) in the EGSB product stream was an indication of an anaerobic ammonium (NH4+) oxidation (ANAMMOX) process. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of SDIW in the EGSB resulted in biogas production with methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), and oxygen (O2), concentrations of up to 70%, 11%, 14.8%, and 4.1%, respectively. At the OLR and Vup of 10.9 kg COD/m3d and 0.85 m/h, respectively, the EGSB produced 16.7 L/d of biogas. The EGSB anaerobic pre-treatment resulted in stable treatment efficiencies for the removal of organic constituents, as well as biogas production without adding an external carbon source. The MBR post-treatment satisfactorily operated at a feed flowrate of up to 33.7 L/d, OLR of 2.3 and 3.1 kg COD/m3d for the anoxic and aerobic zones, respectively, and an HRT of approximately 0.41 h for both zones. The average CODt removal achieved was 86%. The dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 2.1 mg/L in the anoxic zone combined with an aeration rate and DO concentration of 11.8 L/min and 5.7 mg/L, in the aerobic zone resulted in NH4+; NO3-; and orthophosphate (PO43-), removal rates up to 90%; 55% and 39%, respectively. However, the MBR post-treatment did not decrease the orthophosphate concentration to within the SANS 241:2011 drinking water standards. The integrated EGSB-MBR treatment for SDIW was able to achieve an overall CODt removal efficiency of up to 94%. Although the MBR performance was successful the EC, TDS, PO43-, and colour concentrations in the ultrafiltration (UF) permeate did not meet the CCT’s industrial wastewater standards by-law (2006) as well as the SANS’ drinking water standards 241:2011 and required further treatment for reuse.

Thesis (DTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / Industrial wastewater management pertaining to the mining industry has become increasingly stringent, with companies being required to develop environmentally benign wastewater management practices worldwide. The industries that utilise cyanide compounds for the recovery of precious and base metals in a process known as the cyanidation process, have contributed substantially to environmental deterioration and potable water reserve contamination due to the discharge of poorly treated, or untreated, cyanide containing wastewater. Hence, a biotechnological approach was undertaken in this study to remediate free cyanide (CN-) and thiocyanate (SCN-), which are the major chemical contaminants which are normally found in cyanidation wastewaters. Furthermore, this biotechnological approach was investigated to understand the fundamental aspects of using this approach such that the information gathered can be utilized in pilot plant studies. Therefore, bioprospecting of potential CN- and SCN--degrading organisms was undertaken using two approaches; (i) culture-dependent approach and (ii) culture-independent approach. Using the culture-dependent approach, Pseudomonas aeruginosa STK 03, Exiguobacterium acetylicum and Bacillus marisflavi were isolated from an oil spill site and river sediment samples, respectively. STK 03 was evaluated for the biodegradation of CN- and SCN- under alkaline conditions. The organism had a CN- degradation efficiency of 80% and 32% from an initial concentration of 250 and 450 mg CN-/L, respectively. Additionally, the organism was able to degrade SCN-, achieving a degradation efficiency of 78% and 98% from non- and CN- spiked cultures, respectively. Furthermore, the organism was capable of heterotrophic nitrification but was unable to denitrify aerobically, with the autotrophic degradation of CN- by STK 03 being abortive.

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar a estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de planta e de grãos úmidos de milho com a utilização de inoculante microbiano, bem como o uso de filme plástico de baixa permeabilidade ao oxigênio associado ao filme convencional. Para tanto foram conduzidos três experimentos. No primeiro e segundo experimentos os objetivos foram avaliar os efeitos de doses de Lactobacillus buchneri (5x104, 1x105, 5x105 e 1x106 UFC/ g) sobre as características fermentativas, a dinâmica microbiológica, a estabilidade aeróbia e o valor nutricional de silagens de planta e de grãos úmidos de milho. No terceiro experimento, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do filme plástico de baixa permeabilidade ao oxigênio associado ao filme convencional sobre a perdas na armazenagem e a estabilidade aeróbia de silagem de planta de milho, em silo tipo superfície. O L. buchneri é eficiente no controle de leveduras e fungos filamentosos, assim como melhora a estabilidade aeróbia da silagem de planta e de grãos úmidos de milho e não afeta o valor nutricional. O filme de baixa permeabilidade ao oxigênio associado ao filme convencional é eficiente na manutenção das características fermentativas, no controle da população de leveduras e na redução de perdas, principalmente quando a fatia de retirada é menor / Abstract: Aimed to evaluate the aerobic stability of plant and of high moisture corn silage with the use of microbial inoculant and oxygen barrier film associated with conventional film. Therefore, three experiments were conducted. In the first and second experiments the objectives were to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri doses (5x104, 1x105, 5x105 and 1x106 CFU/g) on the fermentation characteristics, microbial dynamics, aerobic stability and nutritional value of plant and of grain moisture corn silage. The third experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of oxygen barrier film associated with conventional film under the storage losses and aerobic stability of plant corn silage in a horizontal silo. The L. buchneri is effective in control of yeasts and molds, and improve the aerobic stability of plant and of high moisture corn silage and do not affect nutritional value. The oxygen barrier film is effective in maintaining the fermentation characteristics, in yeasts population control and loss reduction, mainly when the feedout rate is lower / Orientador: Ricardo Andrade Reis / Coorientador: Thiago Fernandes Bernardes / Coorientador: Ana Claudia Ruggieri / Banca: Clóves Cabreira Jobim / Banca: Antonio Fernando Bergamaschine / Mestre

Orientador: Benedito Sérgio Denadai / Banca: Mara Patrícia Traina Chacon Mikahil / Banca: Hebert Gustavo Simões / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influência do estado de treinamento aeróbio sobre os efeitos do exercício prévio nos parâmetros da cinética do consumo de oxigênio (VO2) durante o exercício moderado. Para isto, 14 voluntários não treinados (GNT: massa corporal, 81,2 + 10,3 kg; estatura, 1,78 + 0,07 m; idade, 21,2 + 4,0 anos) e outros 14 ciclistas treinados (GT: massa corporal, 68,2 + 6,9 kg; estatura, 1,75 + 0,05 m; idade, 21,4 + 3,5 anos) (indivíduos com no mínimo dois anos de engajamento no treinamento e competições) realizaram um teste progressivo até a exaustão voluntária para a determinação do VO2 máximo (VO2max) e do limiar de lactato (LL). Posteriormente, realizaram em diferentes dias e em ordem aleatória, duas transições repouso-exercício (seis minutos na carga correspondente a 80% do LL), sendo uma delas precedida em oito minutos pelo exercício prévio (dois "tiros" de um minuto na carga correspondente a 120% VO2max, com um minuto de recuperação entre eles). Durante estes testes foram coletadas amostras de sangue capilar para a determinação da concentração de lactato sanguíneo e também monitoradas as variáveis cardiopulmonares a cada incursão ventilatória. O VO2 de repouso foi aumentado (p < 0,05) pelo exercício prévio (EPS) em ambos os grupos (GNT: 0,836 + 0,061 vs. 0,506 + 0,194 L/min; GT: 0,373 + 0,055 vs. 0,577 + 0,137 L/min). O tempo da resposta média do VO2 (constante tempo da resposta geral 0-360 s) foi significantemente reduzido na condição EPS apenas para o GNT (32,9 + 7,4 vs. 28,6 + 7,7 s; p < 0,05; GT: 25,7 + 5 vs. 23,3 + 5,8 s; p > 0,05). No GT, a Assimptota (VO2 médio dos últimos dois min de exercício) mostrou-se significantemente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of aerobic fitness on the effects of prior exercise on VO2 kinetics parameters during moderate-intensity exercise. Fourteen untrained subjects (UG: body mass, 81.2 + 10.3 kg; height, 1.78 + 0.07 m; age, 21.2 + 4.0 years) and fourteen well trained cyclists (TG: body mass, 68.2 + 6.9 kg; height, 1.75 + 0.05 m; age, 21.4 + 3.5 years) (more than two years of engagement in endurance training and competition) performed one incremental test to voluntary exhaustion, in order to determine the lactate threshold (LT) and maximal VO2 (VO2max). Thereafter, they performed in different days and in random order, two rest to moderate-intensity exercise transitions (six minutes at 80% of LT), preceded by either no prior exercise or prior supra-maximal exercise (two bouts of one min at 120% of VO2max, with rest of one min between them). During the tests, capillary blood samples were collected to determine lactate concentration and the pulmonary gas exchanges were monitored continuously breath-by-breath. Resting VO2 was significantly (p < 0.05) increased by prior exercise (EPS) in both groups (UG, 0.836 + 0.061 vs. 0.506 + 0.194 L/min; TG, 0.373 + 0.055 vs. 0.577 + 0.137 L/min). Mean response time (time constant of overall VO2 response - 0 - 360 s) was significantly speeded by EPS in untrained group (UG: 32.9 + 7.4 vs. 28.6 + 7.7 s, p < 0.05; TG: 25.7 + 5.0 vs. 23.3 + 5.8 s, p > 0.05). In the trained group, the Assimptota (mean last two minutes VO2 value of moderate exercise) was significantly increased by EPS (TG: 2.208 + 0.383 vs. 2.067 + 0.266 L/min, p < 0.05; UG: 1.600 + 0.269 vs. 1.600 + 0.292 L/min, p > 0.05). It can be concluded... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Resumo: O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar técnicas, como o uso de aditivos microbianos direcionados ao controle de microrganismos aeróbios, bem como a utilização de um filme plástico de baixa permeabilidade ao oxigênio no controle da deterioração aeróbia. No primeiro estudo, o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do Lactobacillus buchneri sobre a composição química, o perfil de fermentação, a presença de fungos e de leveduras e a estabilidade aeróbia da silagem de milho. No segundo, objetivou-se avaliar as perdas de matéria seca, a composição químico-bromatológicas e a presença de fungos e leveduras das silagens de milho, na região periférica de silos superfícies, quando vedada com filme de baixa permeabilidade ao oxigênio. A inoculação influenciou o perfil fermentativo, indicando que o aumento da dose aplicada na massa ensilada reduziu a recuperação da MS e aumentou as perdas por gases. A composição bromatológica das silagens de milho não foi influenciada, no entanto ocorreu maior estabilidade aeróbia das silagens tratadas. O filme de baixa permeabilidade ao oxigênio reduz a ocorrência de leveduras e de fungos quando é imposto ao silo um avanço satisfatório da massa de silagem durante o desabastecimento, o que poderia melhorar a qualidade sanitária da mesma. / Abstract: The present work aimed to evaluate techniques, as additives specific for aerobic microorganisms control and plastic film with low oxygen permeability for aerobic deterioration control. In the first study, the aim was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus buchneri on the chemical composition, the fermentation profile, the presence of fungi and yeasts and aerobic stability of corn silage. In the second, it was aimed to evaluate the dry matter losses, chemical-bromatologic compound and the presence of fungi and yeasts of corn silage, in the peripheral region of surfaces silos when forbidden to film from low permeability to oxygen. The inoculation influenced the fermentation profile, indicating that the increase of the dose applied in mass ensiled reduced the recovery of MS and increased losses by gases. The corn silage chemical composition was not influenced however there was greater aerobic stability of the treated silage. The low oxygen permeability film reduces the occurrence of yeast and fungi when it is imposed on a breakthrough satisfactory silo of the mass of silage during feedout rate, which could improve the health quality of the same. / Orientador: Ricardo Andrade Reis / Coorientador: Thiago Fernandes Bernardes / Banca: Ana Cláudia Ruggieri / Banca: Clóves Cabreira Jobim / Mestre

Orientador: José Corrêa de Lacerda Neto / Banca: Paulo Sérgio Patto dos Santos / Banca: Fabiana Garcia Christovão / Banca: Antonio de Queiroz Neto / Banca: Áureo Evangelista Santana / Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar o treinamento realizado com base no limiar de lactato e a resposta hemogasométrica.e eletrolítica arterial e venosa de eqüinos da raça Puro Sangue Árabe submetidos a exercícios testes progressivos. Foram utilizados nove eqüinos, machos ou fêmeas, adultos jovens destreinados. Os animais foram previamente adaptados ao trabalho em esteira rolante e, em seguida, submetidos a exercício teste caracterizado por etapas de velocidades crescentes até que o esforço máximo fosse atingido. Antes, durante e ao final do exercício, bem como após e 30 minutos após o desaquecimento foram colhidas amostras de sangue venoso e arterial para a mensuração de algumas variáveis como Na+, K+, Cai, cr, Lac, Osm, pH, POz, PC02, SatOz, HC03-, Hct, Hb, EB e o AG. O protocolo de treinamento foi estabelecido com base no limiar de lactato (LL) determinado individualmente, sendo este, considerado como sendo o primeiro ponto no qual houve aumento da concentração de lactato superior a 1,0 mmol/L. Os animais foram submetidos a treinamento de resistência por seis semanas, sendo que as sessões tinham duração de 45 mino e eram realizadas três vezes por semana. Após este período, os animais eram sub.metidos, novamente, ao mesmo exercício teste. Os valores de Lac diminuíram enquanto que o pH, a V4 e a Vmáx aumentaram após o treinamento, refletindo a melhora no condicionamento dos animais. As concentrações de Na+, K+, Hb assim como os valores de hematócrito diminuíram após o treinamento em resposta à hipervolemia. Houve aumento do cálcio ionizado pós-treinamento. A POz arterial manteve-se constante, antes e após o treinamento, durante o exercício, não sendo observado hipoxemia. Houve diminuição da PaCOZ paralelamente ao aumento da intensidade do exercício estando associada à hiperventilação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work was earried out with the objeetive to evaluate the training released with base in the laetate threshold and the response hemogasometrie and eleetrolytie in venous and arterial blood samples of Thoroughbred Arabian horses. There were utilized nine equines, males or females, young adults fully detrained. The animais previously had been adapted to the work in treadmill and, afie r that, submitted the exereise test eharaeterized by stages of inereasing speeds until the maximum effort was reaehed. Sefore, during and to the end of the exereise, as well as afie r and 30 minutes after the aetivities were finished, samples of both venous and arterial blood were colleeted in order to measure some variables like Na+, K+, Cai, cr, Lae, Osm, pH, P02, PC02, Sat02, HC03-, Het, Hb, ES e o AG. The training protoeol was established on the basis of the laetate threshold (LL) determined individually, being this, eonsidered as being the first point in whieh had inerease of the superior laetate eoneentration 1,0 mmol/L. The animais were submitted to training of resistanee during six weeks, with sessions of 45 minutes, three times a week. Afier this period, the animais were submitted, again, to same type of exereise. The values of Lae had diminished whereas pH, V4 and Vmáx inereased afie r the training, refleeting the improvement in the conditioning of the animais. The eoneentràtions of Na+, K+, Hb as well as the values of hematoerit deereased afier the training in reply to the hypervolemy. Afier-training had increase of ionized ealeium. The P02 arterial remained eonstant, before and afier the training, during the exereise, and hypoxemy wasn't observed. A deereased in PaC02 parallel to the inerease of the intensity of the exereise was assoeiated to the hyperventilation. The instituted training on the basis of the laetate threshold promoted improvement of the physieal eondition and eonsequently, in the bioehemists and hemogasometries variables. / Doutor

Resumo: O exercício físico aeróbio tem sido proposto como medida não medicamentosa para o tratamento da hipertensão. Apesar de existirem trabalhos científicos realizados nesta área, pouco se sabe a respeito do acompanhamento de indivíduos hipertensos em campo aberto, em seu dia-a-dia e sobre a resposta a programas oferecidos em clínicas e hospitais. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a variação pressórica e bioquímica, em indivíduos hipertensos essenciais, medicados, submetidos a treinamento com exercícios aeróbios acompanhados num programa de atendimento ao paciente hipertenso, na Clínica-escola da Fisioterapia da Universidade do Sagrado Coração, na cidade de Bauru, de 1997 a 2002. Foram incluídos neste estudo 42 indivíduos adultos hipertensos essenciais, de leve a moderado (140mmHg £ PAS £ 179mmHg e/ou 90mmHg £ PAD £ 109mmHg), medicados, sedentários, de 57,9 l 8,18 anos. Foram realizadas, pré e pós-treinamento físico, avaliações antropométricas, análise bioquímica (colesterol total e frações, triglicerídeos, glicose, sódio, potássio, cálcio, creatinina, uréia e ácido úrico) e pressórica em, pelo menos, 3 medidas da pressão arterial em dias diferentes. O protocolo do programa consistiu de sessões em 40 minutos de atividade física de 60 a 85% da freqüência cardíaca máxima, precedido por aquecimento e, posteriormente, alongamento e relaxamento, por, pelo menos, 12 semanas. Realizou-se análise estatística de 42 indivíduos e subgrupos de acordo com a freqüência semanal. Para variáveis paramétricas foi utilizado teste t-student, e, para variáveis não paramétricas foram utilizados Wilcoxon, para amostras dependentes e Mann Whitney, para amostras independentes. A análise estatística foi feita utilizando-se o programa StatView 5 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Houve diminuição significativa da pressão arterial sistólica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aerobic exercise has been proposed as a non-medication treatment for hypertension. Although there are scientific researches done this area, little is known about the follow-up of the free-living hypertensives and the feedback to controlled program offered in clinics and hospitals. The objective of this study was to analyse of the blood pressure and biochemical variations, in hypertension medicated individuals, submitted aerobic exercises in a hypertension program developed at the clinic-school of physiotherapy from Universidade do Sagrado Coração, in the city of Bauru, from 1997 to 2002. Forty-two light-to-moderate-hypertensive (140 mmHg = SBP = 179 mmHg and/or 90 mmHg = DBP = 109 mmHg) and sedentary adults, aged from 57,9l8,18 years old were studied and medicated. Anthropometrics assessment, blood pressure verification at least 3 times a week in different days, biochemical analysis (total cholesterol and fractions, triglyceride, glucose, sodium, potassium, calcium, creatinine, urea and uric acid) were made before and after controlled physical exercises. The protocol of the program consisted of 40-minute sessions of physical activity from 60% to 85% of the maximum Heart Rate (HR), preceded by warming up session and followed by stretching and relaxing sessions, for period of 12 weeks. Statistic analysis was done in 42 individuals and in subgroups according to their weekly attendance. The T-student test was used for parametric variables. Wilcoxon for dependent non-parametric samples, and Mann Whitney for independent samples. The statistical analysis was done using the program Stat View 5 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). There was a significant decrease in the Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) from 132,47l11,43 to 125,8l8,39 mmHg and Diastolic BP, as well as the glycemia, total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride of the individuals... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Roberto Jorge da Silva Franco / Coorientador: Paulo Henrique Waib / Doutor

Orientador: Milton Dall'Aglio Sobrinho / Banca: Tsunao Matsumoto / Banca: Pedro Alem Sobrinho / Resumo: Os reatores de leito fluidizado com circulação em tubos concêntricos têm apresentado bons resultados no tratamento de esgoto sanitário, conforme uma série de relatos da bibliografia. Entretanto, o estado atual da modelagem não oferece ferramentas consolidadas para o projeto dos reatores deste tipo, devido à complexidade do funcionamento do leito trifásico e sua interdependência com os parâmetros biológicos envolvidos. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo caracterizar experimentalmente os efeitos da redução do diâmetro interno sobre o funcionamento de um reator de 6 metros de altura, por meio de estudos hidrodinâmicos e análises laboratoriais do esgoto afluente e efluente. O reator tem diâmetro externo de 0,25m e foi operado anteriormente com um tubo interno de 0,20m de diâmetro, o qual foi reduzido para 0,10m neste trabalho. Antes de iniciar o tratamento foram medidas as velocidades de circulação por meio de injeção de traçadores e foram determinados os coeficientes de transferência de oxigênio. O tratamento do esgoto sanitário, submetido a gradeamento prévio, foi realizado com TDH de 3 horas e concentração de meio suporte de 100g/L de areia com diâmetro médio de 0,26mm. Os resultados indicaram que a redução do diâmetro interno provocou aumento expressivo da velocidade do líquido no tubo de subida. Com isso foi possível utilizar vazões de ar tão baixas quanto 1500L/h sem risco de instabilizar o leito, enquanto que na situação anterior eram necessários cerca de 3700L/h. O processo de tratamento foi o fator limitante da vazão de ar, requerendo cerca de 2100L/h. As remoções médias de DQO, DBO e NTK situaram-se em 91,1%, 88,5% e 88,8%, respectivamente. Com o diâmetro interno de 0,20m foram obtidas, em condições de operação semelhantes, remoções de 81,7%, 88,6% e 87,0%, com uma vazão de ar de 3700L/h. Com o tubo interno de 0,10m o reator apresentou bom desempenho hidrodinâmico, ... / Abstract: The circulating fluidized bed reactors with concentric tubes have been presented good results in the treatment of domestic wastewater, as shown by several reports in the literature. However, the current state of the art of modeling does not offer consolidated design tools to this kind of reactors, due to the complexities of the three-phase bed behavior and their interdependence with the biological parameters involved. In this context, the objective of this research is to experimentally characterize the effect of the internal diameter reduction on the functioning of a reactor with 6 meters of height, by means of hydrodynamic studies and laboratorial analyses of the reactor's affluent and effluent. The reactor has an external diameter of 0,25m and an internal tube with a previous diameter of 0,25m, reduced to 0,10m in this work. Before initiating the treatment the circulation velocities were measured by injecting tracers and the oxygen transfer coefficients were determined. The treatment of the previously screened wastewater was carried out with Hydraulic Detention Times (HDT) of 3 hours The solid phase (carrier particles) used was 100g/L of sand with 0,26mm of average diameter. The results indicated that the reduction of the internal diameter greatly increased the liquid's velocity in the riser. Thus it was possible to use air injection taxes as low as 1500L/h without risk of bed settlement, while in previous situations it was necessary about 3700L/h. The air flux of about 2100L/h required by the treatment process was the restraining factor to the diminution of the air injection flux. The averaged removals of DQO, DBO, and TKN were respectively 91,1%, 88.5% and 88.8%. With the internal diameter of 0,20m in similar conditions there were obtained removals of 81,7%, 88.6% and 87.0%, with an air injection flux of 3700L/h. With the internal tube of 0,10m the reactor presented good hydrodynamic performance, also improving the settling ... / Mestre