The goal of this thesis was to create a system for visual data transmition using bar codes. It focuses mainly on the protection of the system against abuse. A mechanism was designed for the data transmition itself and the various security concepts. The most appropriate bar code for data transmition was selected on the basis of the analysis.

The Si(100) surface and Ga surface phases up to 1 ML on their oxidation have been studied by XPS and LEED. The selective growth of Ga on the SiO2/Si structures fabricated by EBL has been analyzed using SEM and AFM methods. It was proved that Ga clusters grow in structures beside the oxide. The structure of alumina on Ni3Al(111) and NiAl(110) substrates was fully determined by combining the results of STM measurements and DFT simulations. It was determined the alumina/NiAl(110) does not form a suitable template for ordered Fe and Co clusters growth. However, the next research confirmed the alumina/Ni3Al(111) forms template appropriate to clusters growth purpose.

This thesis is dealing with a design and fabrication of D/A coverter and headphone amplifier for stereo reproduction in Hi-Fi class. In opening chapter, overall problematics of digital audio signal distribution is discussed. Following chapters are dedicated to converter design, communication protocols, component selection, converter production, circuitry design and firmware programming. The final chapter is dealing with expansion options such as HDMI inputs and surround sound.

This thesis deals with the design of hardware unit used for acceleration of the process of securing network traffic within Lawful Interception System developed as a part of Sec6Net project. First aim of the thesis is the analysis of available security mechanisms commonly used for securing network traffic. Based on this analysis, SSH protocol is chosen as the most suitable mechanism for the target system. Next, the thesis aims at introduction of possible variations of acceleration unit for SSH protocol. In addition, the thesis presents a detailed design description and implementation of the unit variation based on AES-GCM algorithm, which provides confidentiality, integrity and authentication of transmitted data. The implemented acceleration unit reaches maximum throughput of 2,4 Gbps.

As the field of next-generation sequencing (NGS) matures and the technology grows more advanced, it is becoming an increasingly strong tool for solving various biological problems. Harvesting and analysing the full genomic sequence of an individual and comparing it to a reference genome can unravel information about detrimental mutations, in particular ones that give rise to diseases such as cancer. At the Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, a fully automatic software pipeline for somatic mutational analysis of cancer patient sequence data is in development. This will increase the efficiency and accuracy of a process which today consists of several discrete computation steps. In turn, this will reduce the time to result and facilitate the process of making a diagnosis and delegate the optimal treatment for the patient. However, the genomic data of an individual is very sensitive and private, which demands that great security precautions are taken. Moreover, as more and more data are produced storage space is becoming increasingly valuable, which requires that data are handled and stored as efficiently as possible. In this project, I developed a Python pipeline for automatic compression and encryption of NGS alignment data, which aims to ensure full privacy protection of patient data while maintaining high computational and storage efficiency. The pipeline uses a state-of-the-art real-time compression algorithm combined with an Advanced Encryption Standard cipher. It offers security that meets rigorous modern standards, and performance which at least matches that of existing solutions. The system is made to be easily integrated in the somatic mutation analysis pipeline. This way, the data generated during the analysis, which are too large to be kept in operational memory, can safely be stored to disk.

Fluoride, the most abundant form of fluorine, is an ion released into the environment, mainly via anthropogenic sources and erosion of mineral rocks. Although the element is well known for its health benefits on teeth and bones, it can as well be a harmful pollutant. In some areas on earth, the population can not obtain drinking water that is below the guideline limits of fluoride, which is set to 1.5 mg/L by the world health organization (WHO). Therefore there is a relevance to develop methods that can clean the waters from excess fluoride. The potential problems when it comes to finding these types of methods is that they can be expensive. However, materials generated as residues in industrial processes may be low in cost. In this thesis, silicon reduced AOD-slag, a material generated as a by-product from the production of stainless steel, was examined by its fluoride adsorption behavior and adsorption capacity. The concentrations of fluoride were measured with ion chromatography (IC) and the concentration of metals were analyzed with microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES). Additionally pH and conductivity were measured. The functionality of the material surface was analyzed with isotherm modeling, where the Sips isotherm model was tested. Moreover, optimization of the slag was performed by heat treating the material, as well as a sorption kinetics test on both optimized and original slags. The results from the analysis indicated that the material corresponds well to the Sips isotherm. Considering this result it is suggested that at low concentrations, the surface can be characterized as heterogeneous, with different binding energies at different available sites. At higher concentrations the Sips-model explains the surface to be saturated when a monolayer of fluoride is formed. Therefore the binding on the slag surface can be described to have an inner-sphere and covalent character. The metal analysis showed that calcium ions are released from the slag when in aqueous solutions. The presence of calcium in the liquid samples are believed to result in formations of solid calcium fluoride (CaF2), precipitated on the slag surface. Lastly, the maximum fluoride removal is believed to differ between different types of AOD-slag, where there as well are possibilities to optimize the material.

L'objet de cette thèse est de raffiner les critères classiques de résistance des réseaux de substitution-permutation aux attaques linéaires et différentielles. Nous présentons une nouvelle borne sur le MEDP2 et le MELP2, qui ne dépend que de la boîte-S et du branch number de la fonction de diffusion, lorsque celle-ci est linéaire sur l'alphabet de la boîte-S. De plus, pour toute boîte-S, nous montrons qu'il existe toujours au moins une permutation linéaire de branch number maximal pour laquelle le MEDP2 (resp. MELP2) dépasse une certaine quantité. Ainsi, sous certaines conditions sur la boîte-S S et le branch number d, il est impossible de trouver une meilleure borne ne dépendant que de S et de d. Par ailleurs, nous introduisons une nouvelle propriété des boîtes-S qui simplifie le calcul de la borne. Si S et son inverse la vérifient, nous prouvons que la borne inférieure précédente est satisfaite pour toute fonction de diffusion de branch number maximal. En particulier, si S est l'inversion dans le corps à 2^m éléments, la valeur exacte de MEDP2 (et de MELP2) est toujours la plus grande possible parmi les boîtes-S de la même classe d'équivalence et la composition avec une permutation affine permet en général de diminuer ces valeurs. D'autre part, pour de nombreux chiffrements, le MEDP2 est atteint par une différentielle ayant le minimum de boîtes-S actives. Nous montrons que ceci est toujours vrai pour certaines familles de boîtes-S. Cependant, nous présentons aussi des SPN pour lesquels le MEDP2 est atteint par une différentielle dont le nombre de boîtes-S actives est supérieur au branch number de M. / In this work, we refine the classical criteria for the resistance of substitution-permutation networks against differential and linear cryptanalyses. We provide a new upper bound on the MEDP2 and MELP2 when the diffusion layer is linear over the finite field defined by the Sbox alphabet. This bound only depends on the Sbox and on the branch number of the linear layer. We also provide a lower bound on these quantities and we show that, under some condition, it is optimal in the sense that there exists a diffusion layer for which the bound is tight. Moreover, we introduce a particular class of Sboxes, for which the bounds are easier to compute. If S and its inverse are in this class, then the lower bound is tight for any MDS linear layer. Furthermore, we prove that the inversion in the field with 2^m elements is the mapping in its equivalence class which has the highest MEDP2 and MELP2, independently of the choice of the linear diffusion layer. This situation mainly originates from the fact that it is an involution. We also focus on the differentials that reach the MEDP2. Though it appears to be the case for most known examples, there is a priori no reason to believe that these differentials correspond to a differential with the lowest number of active Sboxes. We detail some situations for which we prove that the MEDP2 is achieved by a differential with the smallest number of active Sboxes, for instance when the Sbox is carefully chosen. However, this phenomenon is not general as we exhibit the first examples of SPNs where the MEDP2 is achieved by a differential in which the number of active Sboxes exceeds the branch number.

The determination of inorganic speciations of arsenic, antimony, selenium and tellurium in natural waters demands often separation and preconcentration. Solid phase extraction is a very effective method for these purposes. In this paper the separation and preconcentration of these microelements is realised on the basis of modified silica Separon SGX C18, SGX C8, SGX CN, SGX NH2, SGX Phenyl and strongly basic anion Exchanger SGX AX. The sorption was provided in the presence of cationic surfactants such as benzyldimethyl dodecylammonium bromide (Ajatin), benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (Zephyramine), 1-ethoxycarbonylpentadecyltrimetrhylammonium bromide (Septonex) and selected complexing agents 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR), 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonic acide (8-HQS), 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (PYR), amonium 1-pyrrolidinecarbodithioate (APDC), sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) or thiourea(Thur). The interactions of the formed ion associate with the sorbent shows a complicated character which has not been cleared as yet. The previous conditioning of the sorbent plays an outstanding role. Thus, the sorption efficiency was studied in the presence and absence of surfactant and of selected organic complexing agents. Moreover, the influence of pH of the sorbed solution as well as the speed and the volume of the solution running through the sorbent and the type and volume of the eluent on the resulting sorption efficiency was evaluated. The sorption was successfully carried out from 50-1000 ml of solution which allows the 100 fold increase of the preconcentration factor and the determination of the microelements in g.l-1 instead of mg.l-1 by using the common ICP-AES. The influence of macroelements occurring in waters as well as B, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V and Zn in comparable concentrations involve less than 5% error. After the quantitative elution of microelements, the organic solvents were evaporated under IR lamps prior to the determination by ICP-AES and |ICP-MS. The conditions for the direct determination of arsenic, antimony, selenium and tellurium in g.l-1 with ICP-MS were also described in detail in the absence and presence of internal standards Ge and Bi. However, even in this case the preconcentration on silica in the presence of surfactant and selected organic complexants was also tested. When the sorption was followed from 500 ml a 50 fold enrichment factor is reached and the sensitivity for the microelements is improved. The direct determination and the sorption of microelements were applied on synthetic and real waters (dirinking, surface, mineral and sea waters). Instrumental and practical detection limits for various water samples were evaluated according to IUPAC. The results from 1000 ml solution of real waters after sorption on modified silica and the final determination of microelements with ICP-AES were compared with those from ICP-MS without sorption using the method of standards addition in the presence of suitable internal standards. By comparison of results for synthetic and real water samples the error of the determination of microelements was evaluated.

No description available.

No description available.