The Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD) initiative in England and Wales, underway since 2000, provides specialized care to high risk personality disordered individuals in prison and secure psychiatric facilities. Entry to the service, for a capacity nationwide total of approximately 300 individuals at four sites, is determined in part by risk (whether or not the individual is more likely than not to commit an offence that might be expected to lead to serious physical or psychological harm from which the victim would find it hard to recover). This requires valid procedures for assessing risk to determine individuals’ suitability for entry into and transfer out of the service. Yet little is known about the validity of current risk assessment tools and personality measures with the DSPD population. One of the studies reported, the first of its kind with the DSPD population, described a prospective evaluation of the predictive accuracy of the HCR-20, VRS, Static-99, and Risk Matrix 2000 with 44 admissions to the DSPD unit at a high security forensic psychiatric hospital. Consistent with hypotheses, all tools predicted damage to property. HCR-20 Total and scale scores predicted interpersonal physical aggression with structured final risk judgments also predicting repetitive (2+ incidents of) interpersonal physical aggression. HCR-20 Risk Management scores were significantly associated with imminence of interpersonal physical aggression. The second study described a prospective evaluation of the predictive accuracy of Psychopathy Checklist-Revised Factor and Facet scores as well as scores for Cluster B traits using the International Personality Disorder Examination with the same sample. Partial support for hypotheses was found. Only Borderline PD dimension scores predicted damage to property. Histrionic PD predicted interpersonal physical aggression, and Histrionic, Borderline, and Antisocial PDs all predicted repetitive interpersonal physical aggression. Factor 1 and Facets 1 and 2 were also significant predictors of interpersonal physical aggression. Factor 1 and Histrionic PD scores were also significantly associated with imminence of this type of aggression. Results were discussed in terms of the practical utility of these tools with high risk forensic psychiatric inpatients and the functional link (between personality disorder and violence) criterion for DSPD service entry.

THE ATTITUDE OF ADOLESCENTS TO AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN SPORTS AND THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE SUCH BEHAVIOR Keywords: aggression, sports, children. Scientists, psychologists, teachers, and students nowadays pay a lot of attention to the increasing wave of aggression among adolescents. This problem is broadly studied in different journals; in manuals the whole chapters are dedicated to it but it has not been studied a lot in Lithuanian context. In sports, namely among adolescents, different unpredictive situations, aggression or even the cases of violence occur. The aim of the study – to determine the attitude of adolescents to aggressive behavior in sports and the factors that influence this behavior. The objectives of this work: 1. To examine and to compare the attitude of females and males adolescents to the aggressive behavior in sports. 2. To examine and to compare factors that influence the aggressive behavior in sports according to the point of view of females and males adolescents. 3. To examine and to compare the attitude of non-sportive, of those engaged in sports during the leisure time, and of sportive adolescents to the aggressive behavior in sports. The methods of the study: the review of literature; questionnaire, mathematical statistics. The questionnaire was made according to the example of sportsman behavior inquiry (SBI), where 6 different scenarios are presented, i.e. different situations in sports where aggressive behavior occurs are described. The... [to full text]

Violence in sport happening during sporting fight as well as out of play, is becoming a serious social problem, most often sporting activity is criticised exactly through the excessive manifestation of aggression. There are rather controversial attitudes of scientists towards manifestation of men and women aggression presented. That prompted to do a research analysing possibility of manifestation of aggression among different sex handball players of various performance (n=119) and have established interrelation of various forms of aggression. Having analysed manifestation of aggression in the aspect of sex, it was found that women are eager to express hostile aggression more than men. Summarising manifestation of aggression in the aspect of performance, the form of instrumental aggression is more expressed in high peak performance women handball players, and a feature of jealousy and tendency to hostile aggression is more peculiar to low peak performance women. Upon establishing coherence of various aggression forms among high peak performance handball players, it was founded that with increasing possibility of manifestation of instrumental aggression, a possibility of verbal aggression was also increasing. Instrumental aggression of low peak performance handball players – both men and women - is more related to defensive aggression.

The subject of this work is the manifestation of compulsion in schools. The object of the research is compulsion in schools. The problem is the manifestation of compulsion between the schoolchildren of 6 – 7 years old who learn in different types of schools in Vilnius. The speculation of the research: the compulsion of emotional character is dominating in schools nowadays. The purpose of this work is to reveal the spread of compulsion in schools. The tasks of the work are: 1. To analyze the scientific literature, 2. To define the spread of the compulsion in schools, 3. To reveal the problem and the tendency of the compulsion in schools, 4. To show the influence between the school, class, family and the behavior of a teenager, 5. To discriminate the influence of compulsion to the teenager becoming individuality, 6. To tender the recommendations in order to decrease the compulsion in schools. Psychological and pedagogical literature and scientific sources were analyzed in this work that helped to reveal and view the conception and the forms of compulsion, the reasons of compulsion, the theories that clarify aggression, the aspects of children consumption and the interpersonal intercourse of schoolchildren.

Bakalauro darbe analizuojamos patyčių raiškos ir psichosocialinės moksleivių patirties sąsajos. Suformuluota hipotezė, kad patyčių patyrimą ir tyčiojimąsi paauglystėje labiausiai įtakoja šeimoje įgyta psichosocialinė patirtis. Tyrime dalyvavo 129 5-8 klasių moksleiviai. Anketinės apklausos metu tirta, kokie individualūs veiksniai nulemia patyčių raišką, kaip ši raiška yra susijusi su šeimoje, klasėje ir mokykloje įgyta psichosocialine patirtimi. Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad dažniau iš kitų tyčiojasi vyresni paaugliai. Svarbų vaidmenį vaidina respondentų turimi lingvistiniai gebėjimai – kuo respondentai gabesni kalboms, tuo rečiau jie yra spardomi, apspjaudomi, reketuojami, ignoruojami, pravardžiuojami ir šmeižiami, prieš juos rečiau kurstomi aplinkiniai bei jie patys rečiau tyčiojasi iš kitų. Didelės įtakos turi ir televizijos žiūrėjimas: kuo dažniau paaugliai laisvu metu žiūri televizorių, tuo dažniau jie rašinėja bjaurius užrašus apie kitus vaikus, siuntinėja jiems negražius laiškus, spjaudosi, reketuoja, prasivardžiuoja, šmeižia arba melagingai kaltina kitus vaikus. Taip pat išsiaiškinta, jog daugiau patyčių patiria tie paaugliai, kurie gyvena tik su tėčiu arba konfliktiškose šeimose, tačiau jie ir patys daugiau tyčiojasi iš kitų. Šeimos materialinė gerovė susijusi su retesnėmis patyčiomis. Kuo gausesnėje šeimoje auga respondentai, tuo daugiau patyčių jie patiria. Fizines patyčias dažniau propaguoja vyriausieji vaikai šeimoje, o verbalines – vidurinieji. Vienintelis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Frequent bullying is a most common form of aggressive behavior at comprehensive school and is treated as deliberate, frequent negative individual or group actions against person, usually weaker and unable to protect himself, aiming at his wounding or injury. In this paper is analyzed the interaction of bullying and individual psychosocial experience. 129 schoolchildren from 5-8 classes took part in this research. Findings: By others frequently bullies older teenagers. The more abilities for learning different languages have respondents, the less they are kicked, spited up, racketed, ignored, dubbed and slandered, and less they bully from others. The TV also has a significant impact on bullying: the more often teenagers watch TV, the more they are making ugly records of other children, sends them ugly letters, spit on, racket, dub, denigrate or falsely accuse the other children. It also made clear that the more bulling experience have those teenagers who lives with a father or in the feuding families, but they more bullies from others. Higher family incomes is associated with the less bullies. The bigger is respondent’s family, the more bullies they experience. Physical bullying more common in the oldest children in the family group, and verbal – in the middle. The only inhibitive bullying parenting style is democratic. It was found that the more friends have respondents, the less bulling they experience. The time allowed to their peers, reducing bullying, but it... [to full text]

The current study evaluated individual differences in factors that both facilitate (narcissism) and inhibit (self-regulation) the expression of aggression upon provocation. The overarching goal of the study was to examine the integration of two models of aggression: the threatened egotism model and the self-regulation model. An undergraduate sample of participants (N=323) were assigned to receive either positive or negative (provocative) feedback from a fictitious opponent. After receipt of the feedback a competitive reaction time task, in which the participant was allowed to subject the ostensible opponent to sound lasts of white noise, was employed as a behavioural measure of aggression. Consistent with previous research, negative feedback elicited aggression compared to positive feedback, especially among narcissistic males compared to females. Self-regulation was assessed using a battery of executive functioning measures. Results indicated that males with higher perseveration were more aggressive in the negative feedback condition. When the influence of narcissism and self-regulation were assessed simultaneously, a moderating model (i.e., narcissism X self-regulation) was not supported but there was evidence in support of an additive model for males only. Self-regulation predicted a unique portion of variance in aggression (7%) over an above the variance accounted for by narcissism (16%) for males who received negative feedback. These results are discussed in terms of a risk factor model for aggression.

<p>This thesis examined the use of aggression by youth in Pollsmoor Prison during incarceration. Though the incarceration of children and youth is a problem internationally, it is particularly problematic in South Africa where these prison facilities are overcrowded and result in disturbing social practices. They are often at risk for assault, rape and other violent interactions, often within a structured and hierarchical prison gang system. The gang culture within prisons is a crucial factor contributing to its high levels of violence, and its examination is vital to the understanding of power and aggression as a form of survival in prison.</p>

The existence of workplace violence in remote and isolated nursing station settings has been an area of limited knowledge to date. This descriptive study explored the phenomena of workplace and occupational aggression (WPOA), an operational definition of workplace violence created to capture all exposures to verbal and physical aggression in the 21 First Nations and Inuit Health (FNIH) managed Nursing Stations in Manitoba. Using the Manitoba Region Occurrence Reports from 2008, it was found that nurses in nursing stations experience a range of WPOA exposures with verbal incidents being more commonly reported than physical incidents. Quantitative findings related to patterns of reported WPOA with respect to timing, type, perpetrators and concurrent substance use. Themes related to the impact of WPOA on nursing staff and responses of managers to reported incidents were generated from the qualitative analysis. Recommendations for policy, administration, education and future research were generated.

Low autonomic arousal, as measured through resting heart rate, has been shown to be one of the best-replicated biological correlates of antisocial and aggressive behaviour. According to the stimulation seeking theory, low arousal represents an unpleasant physiological state. In line with this theory, antisocial individuals purposely engage in antisocial and aggressive acts in an attempt to increase stimulation and achieve more agreeable arousal levels. If, as the stimulation seeking theory suggests, the function of antisocial behaviour is to increase physiological arousal levels, exposing antisocial individuals to functionally equivalent forms of arousing situations (e.g., aerobic exercise) should result in a reduction in aberrant conduct. Although a growing body of literature indicates that antecedent exercise is effective at reducing antisocial and aggressive behaviours, the present investigation sets out to explore two fundamental questions about this approach that remain unclear. First, there is a paucity of research examining the temporal effects of antecedent exercise. Secondly, little is known about the mechanism of action accounting for behavioural improvements following exercise. The present investigation involved 4 students (age range 11-14) enrolled in a closed behavioural classroom due to severe aggressive, disruptive, and oppositional behaviours. Through the use of an alternating treatment design with baseline, students were first exposed to baseline conditions and then to two experimental conditions, (i.e., an antecedent exercise condition and a control condition) in a randomized fashion. Results indicated that 30 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise resulted in approximately 90 minutes of behavioural improvements. In addition, results suggest an inverse relationship between arousal levels and behavioural difficulties. The potential utility of antecedent exercise as a treatment alternative in schools for students with severe antisocial behaviours is discussed.

Low autonomic arousal, as measured through resting heart rate, has been shown to be one of the best-replicated biological correlates of antisocial and aggressive behaviour. According to the stimulation seeking theory, low arousal represents an unpleasant physiological state. In line with this theory, antisocial individuals purposely engage in antisocial and aggressive acts in an attempt to increase stimulation and achieve more agreeable arousal levels. If, as the stimulation seeking theory suggests, the function of antisocial behaviour is to increase physiological arousal levels, exposing antisocial individuals to functionally equivalent forms of arousing situations (e.g., aerobic exercise) should result in a reduction in aberrant conduct. Although a growing body of literature indicates that antecedent exercise is effective at reducing antisocial and aggressive behaviours, the present investigation sets out to explore two fundamental questions about this approach that remain unclear. First, there is a paucity of research examining the temporal effects of antecedent exercise. Secondly, little is known about the mechanism of action accounting for behavioural improvements following exercise. The present investigation involved 4 students (age range 11-14) enrolled in a closed behavioural classroom due to severe aggressive, disruptive, and oppositional behaviours. Through the use of an alternating treatment design with baseline, students were first exposed to baseline conditions and then to two experimental conditions, (i.e., an antecedent exercise condition and a control condition) in a randomized fashion. Results indicated that 30 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise resulted in approximately 90 minutes of behavioural improvements. In addition, results suggest an inverse relationship between arousal levels and behavioural difficulties. The potential utility of antecedent exercise as a treatment alternative in schools for students with severe antisocial behaviours is discussed.