Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Estudos têm demonstrado que homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) têm estilos de vida diferenciados e ocupam diferentes espaços sociais e culturais. Mapeando as redes sociométricas e as subculturas homoeróticas, é possível entender a disseminação do HIV e os fatores de vulnerabilidade. O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever como subculturas sexuais de homens que fazem sexo com homens que freqüentavam bares e boates em duas regiões de São Paulo ocupavam diferentes territórios, descrever suas subculturas e práticas sexuais. Foi realizado um mapeamento etnográfico em dois bairros de São Paulo, onde se localizam 58 bares e boates gays. Foram aplicados questionários em 500 homens (Centro e Jardins), sobre: dados sócio-demográficos, percepção de risco, práticas sexuais, prevenção de aids e uso de drogas. Durante 12 meses foram realizadas intervenções, com distribuição de preservativos, lubrificantes e folhetos informativos. Durante o mapeamento etnográfico observamos que a região do Centro tem bares mais antigos e tradicionais, com a presença mais explícita de travestis e garotos de programa, com imagens identitárias baseadas na divisão de papéis de gênero. O Jardins tem bares requintados, com a presença mais acentuada de imagens identitárias baseadas na identidade gay. A análise dos questionários mostrou que 52% tiveram prática sexual de risco com parceiros fixos e 42% com parceiros casuais. 71% fizeram o teste HIV, sendo que 5% afirmaram que eram soropositivos. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas respostas obtidas nas duas regiões, observando que maior proporção de homens que freqüentavam o Centro: eram pobres, menos escolarizados, negros; tinham uma menor percepção de risco e menos confiança nos métodos preventivos para aids; tinham mais práticas de risco; concordavam que não usavam preservativo porque estavam apaixonados e porque existiam medicamentos para tratar a aids. Observamos que diferentes subculturas sexuais de HSH, redes sociométricas, imagens identitárias e performances de papéis ocupam diferentes espaços na cidade de São Paulo, configurando territórios diferentes de vulnerabilidade ao HIV. O conceito de territórios de vulnerabilidade enfatiza a importância de intervenções para prevenção da aids com foco comunitário, atuando nos componentes individuais, sociais e programáticos. Pensando em termos de desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção que têm como horizonte a emancipação psicossocial além do incremento do uso de camisinha, devemos levar em consideração essas redes sociométricas, que ocupam territórios dentro da cidade, criando territórios de atualização/realização de desejos e vulnerabilidade. / Studies demonstrated that men who have sex with men (MSM) have different lifestyles and occupied different cultural and social spaces. It is possible to understand the HIV transmission and vulnerabilities’ factors through mapping sociometric networks and their subcultures. The main goal of this thesis is to describe how sexual subcultures of men that have sex with men, that attended bars and discos in two different districts of São Paulo, occupied different landscapes, and describe subcultures and sexual practices. An ethnographic mapping of two districts of São Paulo, with 58 gay bars and discos was done. Questionnaires were applied in 500 men (Centro and Jardins) about: demographic data, risk perception, sexual practices, aids prevention, and drug use. Interventions were applied during 12 months, with distribution of condom, lubricants, and informative material. Evidences on ethnographic mapping showed that Centro district has traditional and oldest bars, more hustlers’ men and travesties, with identity images based on gender roles. Jardins district has refined bars, with image identity based on gay identity. The questionnaire demonstrated that 52% had risk sexual practices with regular partners, and 42% with casual partners. 71% did the antibody test, and 5% were positive for HIV. We found significant differences between districts. Men who go to bars and discos at Centro: were poor, less educated, black; had lower risk perception; they where less confident of preventive methods for aids; they have more sexual risk practices; agree more that they don’t use condom because passion and because there are medicines to aids. Different sexual subcultures of MSM, sociometric networks, identity images and role performances occupy different spaces at São Paulo city, formatting different landscapes of HIV vulnerability. The concept of vulnerability landscapes emphasizes importance of interventions for aids prevention with community focus, acting on individual, social and programmatic components. Thinking in terms of developing prevention strategies that has the psychosocial emancipation how horizon, beyond the condom use increment, we need consider sociometric networks that occupy landscapes at the city, creating landscapes of actualization/realization of desires and vulnerabilities.

Thesis (MPhil (Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The vulnerability of female adolescents to HIV/AIDS has been widely documented with little effort being made to investigate the obstacles that these female adolescents actually face in translating HIV knowledge and attitudes into HIV preventive behaviours. The researcher randomly selected 120 school going female adolescents aged between 14-19, from six secondary schools in the Gweru District in an effort to assess their levels of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and their attitudes towards HIV prevention. The study aimed to uncover the obstacles the female adolescents face in practicing HIV preventive sexual behaviours. Inferences drawn from the study point to the fact that although female adolescents may have high levels of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and positive attitudes towards HIV prevention, there are cultural and religious values that promote male dominance in patriarchal societies and female docility thereby leaving little or no room for females to negotiate HIV prevention in sexual relationships. Poverty- driven economic dependency on men, orphan hood, peer pressure, lack of support from parents and guardians on issues to do with their sex and sexuality, lack of skills to be assertive and negative attitudes of health service providers were some of the barriers the female adolescents face as they try to pave their way in to safe motherhood. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die kwesbaarheid van vroulike adolessente aan MIV/vigs is wyd gedokumenteer met min moeite wat gemaak word die struikelblokke te ondersoek dat hierdie vroulike adolessente werklik gesig in die vertaling van MIV kennis en gesindhede in MIV voorkomende gedrag. Die navorser lukraak gekies 120 skoolgaande vroulike adolessente tussen die ouderdomme van 14-19, van ses sekondêre skole in die Gweru-distrik in 'n poging om hulle vlakke van kennis oor MIV / vigs en hul houding teenoor MIV-voorkoming te evalueer. Die studie is daarop gerig om die struikelblokke ontbloot die vroulike adolessente gesig in die beoefening van MIV voorkomende seksuele gedrag. Gevolgtrekkings waartoe die studie verwys na die feit dat alhoewel vroulike adolessente kan 'n hoë vlakke van kennis oor MIV / vigs en 'n positiewe houding teenoor MIV-voorkoming, is daar kulturele en godsdienstige waardes wat die bevordering van manlike oorheersing in patriargale samelewings en vroulike handelbaarheid daardeur sodat daar min of geen ruimte vir vrouens MIV-voorkoming in seksuele verhoudings te onderhandel. Armoede-gedrewe ekonomiese afhanklikheid van mans, wees kap, groepsdruk, gebrek aan ondersteuning van ouers en voogde op die kwessies te doen het met hul seks en seksualiteit, gebrek aan vaardighede om selfgeldend en negatiewe houdings van gesondheid diensverskaffers is 'n paar van die hindernisse die vroulike adolessente gesig soos hulle probeer om hul weg te baan in 'n veilige moederskap.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

No abstract available. / Thesis (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2005.

In this dissertation, the argument is the understanding of the beliefs of Black farm workers regarding HIV and Aids and how these beliefs that protect them from being infected, will lead to the formulation of suggestions for a belief-sensitive approach, which can be incorporated by health care professionals in HIV and Aids-prevention programmes for Black farm workers. Several authors stress the fact that if any HIV and Aids programme is to be implemented successfully, the health care profession should strive to know more about the beliefs of the community, in this case Black farm workers, so that there can be sound human relations and effective programmes. Based on the problem statement for this study the following research questions were asked: 1. What are the beliefs of black farm workers regarding HIV and Aids? 2. How do these beliefs protect them from being infected? 3. Based on the answers to the first two questions, what suggestions can be formulated regarding a belief-sensitive approach in HIV and Aids-prevention programmes for Black farm workers? The objectives were in line with these questions, namely to explore and describe the beliefs of Black farm workers regarding HIV and Aids; to explore and describe how these beliefs protect them from being infected; and to formulate recommendations, specifically suggestions regarding a belief-sensitive approach in HIV and Aids-prevention programmes for Black farm workers. The study followed a qualitative, explorative and descriptive approach. A participatory rural appraisal (PRA) approach was used to collect data. 'Lekgotla' was used as a strategy to collect data. The results indicated that Black farm workers do have beliefs about HIV and Aids. Most of the beliefs they uphold protect them from being infected, however there are some marginal beliefs that can put them at risk of being infected. Suggestions, which health care professionals can incorporate in HIV and Aids-prevention programmes for Black farm workers, were formulated based on the results, a literature control and ensuing conclusions. Beliefs of Black farm workers that protect them from being infected could be included in the suggestions for prevention strategies. Health care professionals involved in prevention strategies should actively listen to Black farm workers’ beliefs in order for these strategies to be successful. / Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

In this dissertation, the argument is the understanding of the beliefs of Black farm workers regarding HIV and Aids and how these beliefs that protect them from being infected, will lead to the formulation of suggestions for a belief-sensitive approach, which can be incorporated by health care professionals in HIV and Aids-prevention programmes for Black farm workers. Several authors stress the fact that if any HIV and Aids programme is to be implemented successfully, the health care profession should strive to know more about the beliefs of the community, in this case Black farm workers, so that there can be sound human relations and effective programmes. Based on the problem statement for this study the following research questions were asked: 1. What are the beliefs of black farm workers regarding HIV and Aids? 2. How do these beliefs protect them from being infected? 3. Based on the answers to the first two questions, what suggestions can be formulated regarding a belief-sensitive approach in HIV and Aids-prevention programmes for Black farm workers? The objectives were in line with these questions, namely to explore and describe the beliefs of Black farm workers regarding HIV and Aids; to explore and describe how these beliefs protect them from being infected; and to formulate recommendations, specifically suggestions regarding a belief-sensitive approach in HIV and Aids-prevention programmes for Black farm workers. The study followed a qualitative, explorative and descriptive approach. A participatory rural appraisal (PRA) approach was used to collect data. 'Lekgotla' was used as a strategy to collect data. The results indicated that Black farm workers do have beliefs about HIV and Aids. Most of the beliefs they uphold protect them from being infected, however there are some marginal beliefs that can put them at risk of being infected. Suggestions, which health care professionals can incorporate in HIV and Aids-prevention programmes for Black farm workers, were formulated based on the results, a literature control and ensuing conclusions. Beliefs of Black farm workers that protect them from being infected could be included in the suggestions for prevention strategies. Health care professionals involved in prevention strategies should actively listen to Black farm workers’ beliefs in order for these strategies to be successful. / Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New South Wales, 2002. / Includes bibliographic references. Also available online.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2008. / Title from screen (viewed on July 7, 2008). School of Social Work, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Carolyn J. Black, Margaret E. Adamek, Khadija Khaja, Phyllis N. Stern. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-205).

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Population Health, Department of Public Health Sciences. Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on November 8, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.