Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, Faculty of Medicine, 2001. / Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 146-155.

O objeto desta investigação é o espaço da Escola Dominical (ED) como um local de potencialidade para abordar e desenvolver prevenção em HIV/AIDS. Os objetivos específicos foram conhecer a Igreja Evangélica Assembleia de Deus (AD), a Escola Dominical, seu currículo e como o HIV e a AIDS são/ ou podem ser abordados em seu conteúdo curricular de maneira a refletir na vivência e no cotidiano das relações afetivas. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa de revisão de literatura descritiva, exploratória e quantitativa sobre a Igreja e Escola Dominical, conteúdo curricular, prevenção em HIV/AIDS. De maneira sucinta são apresentados fatos relacionados à historicidade da Assembleia de Deus no Brasil, sua origem e abordagens teológicas, bem como a ênfase dada à prevenção do HIV/AIDS. Também é discutida a origem da Escola Dominical no mundo, no Brasil, em especial na Assembleia de Deus, sua forma organizacional, burocrática e administrativa, com destaque ao modelo curricular e conteúdo abordado nas diversas faixas etárias que se apresenta. Com isso, procura-se perceber a ocorrência e enfoque dado à abordagem sobre a epidemia de HIV/AIDS. De maneira geral a abordagem relacionada à historicidade destaca a figura dos expoentes Daniel Berg e Gunnar Vingren como fundadores da AD no Brasil. Em relação à Escola Dominical observou-se que sua origem praticamente acompanha a origem da igreja no Brasil. Ela utiliza conteúdo curricular orientado pelo Setor de Educação Cristã, disponibilizado às faixas etárias do maternal ao adulto. Utiliza para isso material padronizado e impresso pela casa Publicadora da Assembleia de Deus, chamado Lições/ Revista da Escola Dominical. É incentivado o aperfeiçoamento de professores da ED através de encontros e cursos específicos e ou literatura impressa. Quanto ao enfoque dado ao vírus HIV e AIDS observou-se que no currículo apresentado não há manifestação relacionado à atuação da ED com relação à prevenção. Quando ocorre abordagem frente a doenças, o mesmo se dá de maneira implícita, num contexto geral sem especificidade direta. Dessa forma, é possível inferir sugestão de conteúdo para possíveis abordagens. / The objective of this investigation is the Sunday School classes (SS) as a potential place to address and develop prevention to HIV/AIDS. Specific objectives were to know the Evangelical Church Assembly of God (AG), the Sunday School, its curriculum and how HIV and AIDS are /or could be approached in its curriculum content, to reflect the experience in daily affective relations. For this, a survey was conducted of literature descriptive review, exploratory and quantitative literature review about the Church and Sunday School, curriculum content, and prevention to HIV/AIDS. Succinctly facts relating to the historicity of the Assembly of God in Brazil, its origin and theological approaches, as well, as the emphasis on prevention of HIV/AIDS are presented. It also discusses the origin of Sunday School in the world, in Brazil, especially in the Assembly of God, its organizational form, bureaucratic and administrative, with emphasis on the curriculum model and content covered in the various age groups as presented. With this, search to understand the occurrence and focus given to the approach to HIV/AIDS. In general the approach related to the historicity highlights the exponents Daniel Berg and Gunnar Vingren as founders of AG in Brazil. Regarding Sunday School it was observed that its origin came almost with the origin of the church in Brazil. It uses content-oriented curriculum of the Division of Christian Education, available to ages from kindergarten to adult. It uses for this standardized material and printed by Publishing House of Assembly of God, called Lessons / Magazine Sunday School. It encourages the development of SS teachers through meetings and specific courses and/or printed literature. As for the focus given to HIV and AIDS It was observed that the curriculum presented no manifestation related to the performance of the SS regarding prevention. When the approach about the disease occurs, it will be at implying form, in a general context without direct specificity. Thus, it is possible to infer suggestion content for possible approaches.

This study describes the HIV/AIDS knowledge of Form 1 secondary school learners in Harare. Structured interviews were conducted with 75 learners from four schools representing a low density, a high density, a rural and a private school. Most learners had obtained their HIVAIDS knowledge from schools and a few did so from their parents. None of the learners had reportedly yet engaged in sexual activities and all had heard about HIV, but not all knew what HIV was, and even fewer could define AIDS. Generally the learners’ HIV/AIDS knowledge levels were high but some misconceptions persisted. Future programmes should emphasise that there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, and that condoms should be used at every sexual encounter. Radio, television and school programmes should emphasise that every person can become infected with HIV/AIDS, if preventive measures are disregarded. / Public Health / M.A. (Public Health)

The purpose of the study was to explore factors that influenced safer sex practices in Malawi. A quantitative, explorative, descriptive study was conducted to determine why the prevalence of new HIV infections was still high in Malawi despite. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Sexually active men, women, boys and girls that participated in the Centre for Human Rights and Rehabilitation community awareness activities participated in this study. The study found that demographic, socio-economic and knowledge-related factors influence safer sex practices in Malawi. Various modifying factors played a role in influencing the individuals’ perception of susceptibility, severity, barriers and benefits of practising safer sex. The findings indicated that individuals generally had a broad knowledge of the spread and prevention of HIV. The Health Belief Model was used as theoretical framework for the study / Health Studies

Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-09T12:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 69592.pdf: 1554008 bytes, checksum: a4164fd0e5077827e063c4790ee1d7f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / Esta tese contem dois artigos, resultantes de uma pesquisa que objetivou analisar aspectos relacionados à prevenção contra a Aids em ambientes virtuais homossexuais masculinos que se centravam na veiculação do corpo. Tomou-se como referência a idéia de que o cibercorpo se encontra na cibersexualidade, onde o corpo do outro, virtualizado, passa a ser somente um lugar de visita, como uma página na Internet e o sexo entre eles é o ideal. O primeiro artigo traz uma proposta de reflexão sobre a relação entre a cibercultura e a saúde pública e sua utilização como meio para pesquisa, e não apenas como instrumento. O segundo traz os resultados da pesquisa de campo realizada em um website. O desenho metodológico utilizado foi de natureza qualitativa, focalizando tanto a análise dos sentidos subjacentes às ideias quanto a sua contextualização à luz de significados culturais mais amplos. Os artigos trazem reflexões sobre as necessidades da Saúde Pública, enquanto campo e área de estudos, voltar seu olhar para a cibercultura e as novas formas de interação, levando em consideração os aspectos sócio-virtuais. Entre os resultados encontrados destacam-se os seguintes: corpo masculino desejado formatado por músculos definidos e ausência de pelos; percepção de vantagens da internet na busca do parceiro sexual e uso ou não do preservativo como medida de proteção contra à Aids baseado em avaliações do parceiro. Conclui-se ser importante fazer do ambiente virtual um espaço de problematização de ideias e experiências em prol da realização do prazer entre as pessoas, do mesmo sexo ou de sexos diferentes, sem que haja adoecimento do corpo. / This thesis contains two papers, resulting from a research that aimed to analyze aspects related to AIDS prevention in virtual gay men environments which focused on the image of the body. It has taken, as a reference, the idea that the cyberbody meets in c i bersexuality , where the body of another , virtualized , becomes only a place to visit, as a web page and the sex between them is the ideal. The first article presents a proposal for a reflection on the relationship between cyberculture and public health a nd its use as a way of research, and not just as a tool. The second one presents the results of field research conducted in a website. The design methodology was qualitative in nature, focusing on both the analysis of the meanings underlying ideas as to th e context in the light of broader cultural meanings. Both articles bring reflections on the needs of Public Health as a field and field of study, returning his gaze to cyberculture and new forms of interaction, taking into account the socio - virtual aspec ts . Among the results , we highlight the following: the desired male body defined by muscles and without hair; perceived advantages of the internet in a search for sexual partners and use or nonuse of condoms as a protection against AIDS based on assessme nts partner. It is concluded that important to the virtual environment of a space questioning of ideas and experiences to assist the achievement of pleasure between people of the same sex or different sexes , without the body getting sick.

Estudos têm demonstrado que homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) têm estilos de vida diferenciados e ocupam diferentes espaços sociais e culturais. Mapeando as redes sociométricas e as subculturas homoeróticas, é possível entender a disseminação do HIV e os fatores de vulnerabilidade. O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever como subculturas sexuais de homens que fazem sexo com homens que freqüentavam bares e boates em duas regiões de São Paulo ocupavam diferentes territórios, descrever suas subculturas e práticas sexuais. Foi realizado um mapeamento etnográfico em dois bairros de São Paulo, onde se localizam 58 bares e boates gays. Foram aplicados questionários em 500 homens (Centro e Jardins), sobre: dados sócio-demográficos, percepção de risco, práticas sexuais, prevenção de aids e uso de drogas. Durante 12 meses foram realizadas intervenções, com distribuição de preservativos, lubrificantes e folhetos informativos. Durante o mapeamento etnográfico observamos que a região do Centro tem bares mais antigos e tradicionais, com a presença mais explícita de travestis e garotos de programa, com imagens identitárias baseadas na divisão de papéis de gênero. O Jardins tem bares requintados, com a presença mais acentuada de imagens identitárias baseadas na identidade gay. A análise dos questionários mostrou que 52% tiveram prática sexual de risco com parceiros fixos e 42% com parceiros casuais. 71% fizeram o teste HIV, sendo que 5% afirmaram que eram soropositivos. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas respostas obtidas nas duas regiões, observando que maior proporção de homens que freqüentavam o Centro: eram pobres, menos escolarizados, negros; tinham uma menor percepção de risco e menos confiança nos métodos preventivos para aids; tinham mais práticas de risco; concordavam que não usavam preservativo porque estavam apaixonados e porque existiam medicamentos para tratar a aids. Observamos que diferentes subculturas sexuais de HSH, redes sociométricas, imagens identitárias e performances de papéis ocupam diferentes espaços na cidade de São Paulo, configurando territórios diferentes de vulnerabilidade ao HIV. O conceito de territórios de vulnerabilidade enfatiza a importância de intervenções para prevenção da aids com foco comunitário, atuando nos componentes individuais, sociais e programáticos. Pensando em termos de desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção que têm como horizonte a emancipação psicossocial além do incremento do uso de camisinha, devemos levar em consideração essas redes sociométricas, que ocupam territórios dentro da cidade, criando territórios de atualização/realização de desejos e vulnerabilidade. / Studies demonstrated that men who have sex with men (MSM) have different lifestyles and occupied different cultural and social spaces. It is possible to understand the HIV transmission and vulnerabilities’ factors through mapping sociometric networks and their subcultures. The main goal of this thesis is to describe how sexual subcultures of men that have sex with men, that attended bars and discos in two different districts of São Paulo, occupied different landscapes, and describe subcultures and sexual practices. An ethnographic mapping of two districts of São Paulo, with 58 gay bars and discos was done. Questionnaires were applied in 500 men (Centro and Jardins) about: demographic data, risk perception, sexual practices, aids prevention, and drug use. Interventions were applied during 12 months, with distribution of condom, lubricants, and informative material. Evidences on ethnographic mapping showed that Centro district has traditional and oldest bars, more hustlers’ men and travesties, with identity images based on gender roles. Jardins district has refined bars, with image identity based on gay identity. The questionnaire demonstrated that 52% had risk sexual practices with regular partners, and 42% with casual partners. 71% did the antibody test, and 5% were positive for HIV. We found significant differences between districts. Men who go to bars and discos at Centro: were poor, less educated, black; had lower risk perception; they where less confident of preventive methods for aids; they have more sexual risk practices; agree more that they don’t use condom because passion and because there are medicines to aids. Different sexual subcultures of MSM, sociometric networks, identity images and role performances occupy different spaces at São Paulo city, formatting different landscapes of HIV vulnerability. The concept of vulnerability landscapes emphasizes importance of interventions for aids prevention with community focus, acting on individual, social and programmatic components. Thinking in terms of developing prevention strategies that has the psychosocial emancipation how horizon, beyond the condom use increment, we need consider sociometric networks that occupy landscapes at the city, creating landscapes of actualization/realization of desires and vulnerabilities.

Cette étude a cherché à explorer les significations socio-culturelles de la mort provoquée par le VIH / SIDA parmi les Abagusii du Kenya. Façonnée par l’ontologie sociale constructiviste et l’approche épistémologique, l’étude a spécifiquement cerné les significations socio-culturelles de la mort causé par le VIH / SIDA, les expériences vécues de la mort du VIH / SIDA et comment ces expériences vécues influencent l’action préventive au niveau individuel et collectif au regard du VIH/SIDA. L'étude a utilisé des données recueillies à partir d'entretiens conversationnels approfondis et de l'observation participante de 50 personnes séropositives pour le VIH qui étaient sélectionnées à travers la méthode de saturation et sélectionnées par des techniques d'échantillonnage en boule de neige et d'analyse raisonnée. Des données supplémentaires ont également été obtenues à partir de neuf informateurs clés choisis à dessein en utilisant un guide d'entretiens .Les données provenant d'entretiens approfondis et d'entretiens avec des informateurs-clés ont été enregistrées sur bande, transcrites ad verbatim et analysées thématiquement. Les résultats de l'étude ont montré qu'au niveau individuel, mourir du VIH / SIDA était une perturbation biographique, forçant ainsi les personnes infectées par le VIH à subir une réorientation existentielle en faisant de nouveaux arrangements et des quêtes pour leur nouvelle vie afin d’acquérir une sorte d’appartenance culturelle, sociale et morale à leurs réseaux sociaux culturels. Au niveau communautaire, la mort par le VIH/sida a été érigée en «mauvaise mort» par rapport aux discours traditionnels et chrétiens sur les croyances religieuses régissant la vie, la mort et l’après la vie. En conséquence, une telle mort était perçue comme une menace pour l'identité et la solidarité sociale et collective, ainsi que pour la régénération de la communauté à travers la reproduction sociale. L'étude a également révélé que les actions sociales en faveur de la mort et du décès dues au VIH / SIDA ne reposaient pas sur des connaissances biomédicales, mais plutôt sur les relations sociales en particulier les relations de parenté comme défini collectivement dans les discours moraux et sociaux de la personnalité. En conclusion, l'étude soutient que les croyances culturelles et les valeurs régissant la vie et la mort devraient être prises en compte dans la prévention du risque de VIH / SIDA dans des contextes culturels particuliers. / This study sought to explore the socio-cultural meaning of death from HIV/AIDS among the Abagusii-Kenya. Shaped by the social constructivist ontology and interpretative epistemological approach, the study specifically investigated the socio-cultural meanings of death from HIV/AIDS, the lived experiences of dying from HIV/AIDS and how lived experiences of dying and death from HIV/AIDS influence HIV/AIDS preventive action at individual and community level. The study used data collected from in-depth conversational interviews and participant observation from 50 HIV seropositive people who were arrived at through saturation method and selected through snowball and purposive sampling techniques. Augmentative data was also obtained from purposively selected nine key informants using an interview guide. Data from in-depth conversational and key informant interviews were tape recorded, transcribed ad verbatim and thematically analyzed. Findings from the study showed that at individual level, dying from HIV/AIDS was constructed as a biographical disruption, thus forcing those infected with HIV to undergo existential reorientation by making new arrangements and quests for their new life as a way of achieving a sense of cultural, social and moral belonging to their cultural social networks. At community level, death from HIV/AIDS was constructed as “bad death” in relation to traditional and Christian religious belief discourses governing life, death and after life. As a consequence, such death was perceived as a threat to the corporate social identity and solidarity, and to the regeneration of the community through social reproduction. The study further found that social actions towards dying and death from HIV/AIDS was not based on biomedical knowledge alone but on social relationships especially kinship relations as collectively defined in moral and social discourses of personhood. In conclusion, the study argues that cultural beliefs and values governing life and death should be taken into account in dealing with HIV/AIDS risk prevention in particular cultural contexts.

Sex education through the public school system has been identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as an excellent vehicle by which HIV prevention education can be presented to students, thereby decreasing the rate of HIV infection among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). However, YMSM continue to be at high risk for HIV infection in the United States despite educational efforts to prevent infection. The purpose of this qualitative study using a phenomenological approach was to explore what impact school-based HIV prevention education had on YMSM in the past, and what effect that education has had on their current sexual behaviors. The theoretical foundation for this study was the health belief model. Individual 1-hour interviews were conducted with 13 YMSM (ages 21-35) who received HIV prevention education in California. Interviews were analyzed for common themes using a phenomenological approach. Results of this study suggest that participants were not utilizing safer techniques taught in the school HIV prevention education because there was a lack of curriculum consistency, LGBTQ content, and classroom management, and the impact of stigma and homophobia on YMSM. These results support the health belief model. Findings support that positive social change can be achieved by providing standardized, all-inclusive, non-judgmental, HIV prevention education program, in a classroom environment where it is safe to receive same-sex sexual information. This should decrease the number of HIV+ test results among YMSM.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore and describe how the developmental asset framework could be used to conceptualise HIV/AIDS message framing. LoveLife media messages (as gain-framed HIV/AIDS prevention messages) were purposefully sampled. Qualitative content analysis allowed loveLife media messages to be analysed through coding, categorisation and memoing. The analysis process revealed core values and developmental assets portrayed in gain-framed HIV/AIDS prevention messages. Core values identified included, love, respect (portrayed least), dignity (portrayed most) and responsibility. Internal assets identified included, achievement motivation, school engagement, responsibility, integrity, restraint, honesty, planning and decision making, resistant skills, personal power, sense of purpose, self-esteem and positive view of personal future., External assets identified included, family support and positive family communication. Responsibility and personal power, were portrayed most and honesty together with family support, and positive family communication, least. Broadcast messages portrayed the most developmental assets and outdoor messages the least. Correlations were found between core values love, dignity, and responsibility, and the identified developmental assets. Insight was gained into three potential roles developmental assets could play in framing HIV/AIDS prevention messages. Firstly, developmental assets could serve as a source of enablement to make youth aware of strengths they could utilise to foster well-being. Secondly, developmental assets could direct incorporation of positive psychology principles in designing HIV/AIDS prevention messages. Lastly, the study revealed that the developmental asset framework could be used in conjunction with the theory of message framing in designing HIV/AIDS prevention messages. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

Die Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit den Vorstellungen von Krankheit, Behinderung und HIV/AIDS in KwaZulu-Natal, Südafrika. Besonderer Augenmerk liegt dabei auf den kulturellen Wurzeln und sozialen Repräsentationen von Behinderung und HIV/AIDS. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen dass die sozialen Interpretationen von Beeinträchtigung erheblich dazu beitragen dass Menschen mit Behinderungen in KwaZulu-Natal einem hohen HIV-Ansteckungsrisiko ausgesetzt sind und gleichzeitig dafür sorgen dass diese Menschen kaum Zugang zu Aufklärung und medizinischer Versorgung haben. Die Studie geht bei der Analyse über den Blickwinkel Behinderung hinaus und beleuchtet südafrikanische Gesellschaftsverhältnisse auf makrokultureller, mikrokultureller und individueller Ebene. Die Studie schließt mit einem Ausblick auf Veränderungsmögichkeiten im südafrikanischen Kontext. / The study focuses on the interweaving patterns of stigmatisation between disability and HIV/AIDS in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The study was designed to understand the cultural roots of non-medical representations of disability and HIV/AIDS. The results show strong evidence that the way in which people are prone to think about and respond to disability and HIV/AIDS exposes people with disability to a particularly high risk of infection while simultaneously decreasing access to treatment and care. While unfolding hidden meanings and notions about disability and HIV/AIDS, the study analyses both phenomena on a macrocultural, microcultural and individual level. The study concludes with key messages emerging from the empirical research as well as from historical and policy analysis. Through this, it attempts to provide some guidance for transformation.