D.Ed. / This research study set out to determine parents' expectations regarding public schooling in the Northern Province of the Republic of South Africa. This was done based on the fact that education in the country has undergone tremendous changes. As parents are, undoubtedly, stakeholders in the field of education, it was important to determine as to whether the present set up is what they expect. Further, it was also important to determine as to whether parents' expectations are in line with policy; and if not, to suggest what should be done. It was impossible, however, to look at all facets of public schooling. As a result, attention was given only to the following: adulthood, culture, moral development, sexuality education, discipline, parents' participation, citizenship, employment and cognitive development. To provide a theoretical background of the aspects mentioned above, a literature survey was conducted. The connection between each aspect and the schooling system was highlighted. After this review, question items were drawn and compiled into questionnaires which were used as data collection instruments. Such questionnaires were administered to parents of learners in five secondary schools in the Province. Stratified random sampling was used in the selection of schools taking into account language representation. Further, questions were drawn based on the literature review and administered to departmental officials in the form of structured interviews. A factor analysis was conducted on the question items and the following dimensions were arrived at: Providing learners with skills and knowledge to become independent. Helping learners in the acquisition of moral and ethical values for selffulfilment. The development of responsible socio-cultural conduct. The research came up with the following findings: Parents' expectations of the school's involvement are high on the following aspects: career and employment issues, development of potential and citizenship. The following aspects were ranked very low in terms of the level to which parents expect schools to be involved: involvement of parents in school administration and curriculum design, sexuality issues, participation in the politics of the state and following up issues of discipline beyond the school. Parents and departmental officials are in agreement with regards to the level of the school's involvement regarding the following issues: career and employment issues, development of potential, moral issues and citizenship. Parents and departmental officials do not agree on the level of the school's involvement regarding the following: parents' involvement in education, sexuality matters, development and transmission of culture as well as participation in the politics of the state.

Methodological part: financial plan, appreciation of assets, debt. Operative part: Examples of financial plans for free types of households.

The purposes of this case study were: to ascertain the beliefs held by teachers of mentally handicapped students toward the concept of integration; to determine the perceptions of teachers about their program planning practices, in particular the development of Individual Education Programs and their use of the Special Education Core Curriculum Supplement; to elicit teacher opinions regarding their job-related needs for administrative and instructional support and personal professional development; and to generate, in the form of recommendations to the school district, a framework of support combining teachers' perceived needs and district objectives. The setting of the case study was the anonymously named Burrard School District—a medium-sized school district located in the metropolitan Vancouver area. The participants in the study were fourteen teachers of students with mental handicaps located in five different school settings and members of the District's administrative and consultative staff. Data for the study were obtained through open-ended "reflective" interviews with the study's participants during the period of May and June 1985. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed and condensed into major categories related to the questions posed for the study. Among the major findings of the study were: 1. Integration is judged to be an appropriate goal for mentally handicapped students in that it results in: more normalized behaviour, greater skill acquisition, improved self-concept, and access to more facilities and activities. 2. Positive attitudes among regular classroom teachers, administrative support, and the degree of co-operation between specialist and general classroom teachers were the factors judged to be minimally required for successful integration. 3. Teachers of mentally handicapped students endorse the development of Individual Education Programs (IEP's) as a part of program development activities, regardless of program type and actual use. 4. Individual Education Programs are used most by teachers of moderately and severely handicapped students and least by teachers of students with mild handicaps. 5. Specific program concerns varied considerably from program to program. 6. Teachers were positive about the structure and philosophy of the Special Education Core Curriculum Supplement and, with the exception of teachers of the severely/profoundly handicapped, judged it to be a useful guide for program planning. 7. Teachers indicated a desire for more professional development opportunities to gain more expertise, to be reassured of the soundness of their own practices, and to maintain professional affiliations with colleagues. The findings of the study suggest that teachers of students with mental handicaps have three general concerns: opportunities for expanding their skills, feelings of professional isolation, and the ambiguities of program ownership. The study presented several recommendations for the amelioration of these concerns. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

M.Ed. / South African education is emerging from one phase of history, the phase of a segregated education system, into another phase where the nature is still to be defined. This emergence will bring along with it transformations unknown over the previous phase of educational history which lie mainly on the level of humanity, that is to say changes affecting the beliefs, attitudes, norms and values of the individuals and the community they belong to. The whole concept of man-in-the-world as the establishment of the world, the environment of the educator as well as the educand in this total situation, leads us to conceive of education as an interhuman phenomenon. The establishment of relationships in the world is a continuous effort to give completeness to man's existence by appropriating and adopting the historical development of the cultural situation. The interaction and the close relationship of culture and education in general is indisputable. For education to succeed, man comes to the fore while his culture forms the background. The opening up of "white schools" to all the population groups in South Africa did not bring about a greater understanding of the complexity and pluralistic nature of the South Africa society. The cultural factors in education play an important role in the application of universal educational and cultural principles in the provision of education. The cultural position of the black learner in Model C or multicultural schools has been eroded and is being marginalised by socio-political and educational issues quite beyond his area of competence as a learner. As a result, the expectations the teacher has of the black pupils are too great and are daunting for the pupil. Both the teacher and the learner are not competent enough, they are being dis-empowered. It is at this point that problems in the teaching-learning situation manifest themselves. The transformation process currently taking place in most multicultural schools has many problems relating to this. There are definite areas of concern which need to be looked into, solutions to be found and implemented in order to assist the black pupil. and his teachers to find their feet in the new education dispensation. Essentially a ground motive in every community is a motive of that particular community, the driving force behind all activities, including educational activities - the spiritual root of a particular community, so to speak. The cultural aspects in education will probably remain one of the most critical areas determining whether South Africa can in fact achieve the same education through one and the same department, one and the same curriculum, one and the same examination format. This study will attempt to research the cultural aspects of education concentrating on Model C schools and will put forward some recommendations for the implementation of solutions to the problems the black learner is confronted with.

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In this thesis, a survey design was used following closely the objective of descriptive research. The idea was to take a sample of the population of teachers in the area, gather demographic data, and find out if the reasons they fail to fully integrate technology into their classrooms can be attributed to skill deficiency, motivation, lack of environmental support or a combination thereof.

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