Display and function are a pair of conflicting concepts. The thesis focuses on displaying a sequence of functional spaces which are commonly not exposed to the eyes of the public, in this case, a general aviation airport. The greatest challenge over the course of the study was how to create displayable spaces without overlooking basic functional programs and deepen both concepts in the process. The airport is designed to fulfill the dual attributes of display and function. It is an aircraft museum, displaying the behind-the-scenes system from arriving, to maintaining, to towing, to parking, and to departing. As well, it is a fully-functional airport, consisting of a sequence of functional spaces, including: runway, taxi area, maintenance hangar, towing corridor, parking spots, and auxiliary spaces. In the context of the thesis, "display" means to expose the elements - aircraft and air travel - as an exhibit to be viewed or to be noticed by the public through spatial organization and scales of engagement. / Master of Architecture

<p dir="ltr">Airport parking revenues become essential in maintaining daily aeronautical and non-aeronautical operations and financing capital expenditures. There exist significant variations between different airports in terms of their parking revenues, and such variations will not be eliminated when airport parking revenue is standardized by passenger volume. Given the limited empirical research on airport parking revenues, this study examines the variation of airport parking revenue per locally originating passenger using random-effects regression on a five-year panel dataset. Our regression results reveal a significant positive relationship between airport economy parking price and airport parking revenue per locally originating passenger. Additionally, we find a significant positive relationship between household vehicle ownership and airport parking revenue per locally originating passenger. However, the number of offsite parking service providers can lead to a significant negative effect on airport parking revenue per locally originating passenger. Based on these findings, airport operators can implement strategic management initiatives tailored to local market conditions, with the goal of optimizing airport parking revenues and improving passenger welfare.</p>

This thesis presents two aspects of air transportation systems, capacity and efficiency. The first study improved a runway capacity simulation model for estimating the capacity of airports under various conditions. The main contribution of this study was to develop a simulation model which is able to analyze different airports with individual aircraft types. Many air traffic regulations were added to the simulation model to give more realistic results to the potential users of the model. Analysis of different separation systems between aircraft pairs show that the capacity of airports can improve by using more efficient separation systems specially under tough weather conditions. One of the outputs of the study, is an upgraded user interface which can be used by airport authorities for estimating their facilities' available capacity under different scenarios. The second study represents a new method for estimating unimpeded taxi times for taxing airplanes at airports. This study focused specifically on 6 large airports in the United States and the real ground radar data for all of the movements at those facilities. By tracking the real trajectories of every operation, the taxing behavior of each flight was analyzed. A standalone application was designed to summarize the flights information at each airport and represent the taxing behavior. The results show that using the ground radar data at airports can represent the taxing behavior in the highest fidelity. / Master of Science / The federal aviation administration predicts an ongoing growth in aviation industry over the following 20 years. The number of passengers using air transportation systems will increase annually in the next 20 years. Therefore, the airports will be more crowded and a higher number of operations will occur at those facilities. An accurate prediction of airports’ capacities can help the authorities to improve the airports appropriately. This will lead to an efficient aviation system which does not suffer severely from long delays. The contribution of the first study in this thesis was to help the process of predating airports’ capacities under various conditions by utilizing a computer model. As a result, a user interface was designed to help airport planners choosing their desired airports and estimating the maximum capacity under different operational conditions. An accurate prediction of airport capacity, can be useful for future designs and improvement plans. The second part of this thesis, represents a new methodology for analyzing the behavior of airplanes while moving at airports. Every flight operation starts its journey at the origin airport and finishes its journey at the destination airport. It is very important to analyze the behavior of each airplane while it is moving on the ground at the origin or destination airport. Therefore, parameters like taxing duration, waiting duration, average taxi speed can be used to evaluate the taxing performance of the airplanes. This study extracts the critical parameters of airplanes’ behavior at airports to help the planners evaluating the ground performance of each airport.

Ever since the airport was conceived as a permanent building type, airport designers have debated what identity an airport should embody. As a threshold of first impressions, the airport should not only introduce the visitor to the local environment but also represent the identity of a country. The aim of this thesis project is to design an airport terminal that reflects the natural and cultural environments of the islands of the Bahamas. Through its architecture, this building attempts to create an engaging experience for its users: passengers, employees and visitors. Local culture and sense of place are abstracted through architectural ideas, realized in the language of contextual modernism. The synthesis of the themes and concepts explored throughout the design process are presented through drawings and commentary. Precedents such as the Taino cosmos, color and nature, place and culture are used to inspire structural systems, form and aesthetics. The plan of the new airport terminal fulfils the functional program while interpreting the land and sea formations of the Bahama islands; ocean currents and land-sea patterns may be associated with movements of people and machines, converging and diverging within the airport environment. / Master of Architecture

Thesis (DPhil (Geography and Environmental Studies))—University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / The use of average energy aircraft noise contours as the sole means for guiding aircraft noise-based planning around airports is being questioned increasingly. A growing proportion of residents who live in neighbourhoods adjacent to airports are dissatisfied with the averaging procedure that is employed. In their experience of exposure to aircraft noise, particularly in the evening and at night when they are at home, the average energy aircraft noise descriptors are misleading. In order to effectively analyse the socio-spatial interaction of annoyance at and interference by aircraft noise, an alternative approach has been suggested – a supplemental noise perspective. Conventional approaches to aircraft noise land use planning based on average energy noise descriptors run the risk of being ineffectual, or even counterproductive, because they do not consider the central aspects of disturbance, namely the loudness of an event and the number of times events are heard. Consequently, an alternative measure to ameliorate the limitations of average energy noise contours is needed by which airport neighbours, the aviation industry and town planners can better understand the nature of the problem. Although supplemental noise analysis is not new, this study applies it to a South African international airport (OR Tambo) for the first time. The airport’s operations are typical of many busy airports close to large urban areas, serving domestic, regional and international routes. Reportedly, there have been few complaints about noise emanating from the airport, but when they are made they are usually about evening and night-time aircraft noise events. In the context of South Africa as a developing society in transition, where growth of urban settlements continues apace, average energy aircraft noise information must be enhanced by providing supplemental noise information. This study investigated the broad issue of land use planning around airports by employing two aircraft noise prediction models, namely the Integrated Noise Model and the Transparent Noise Information Package, to establish the various potential effects and consequences of night-time aircraft noise in noise zones demarcated according to supplemental aircraft noise information. The effects and consequences examined include annoyance, disturbance of sleep, telephone conversations, watching television and work or study, and the likelihood that people will move away to escape night-time aircraft noise. The perceptions of residents living in neighbourhoods around the airport were surveyed and the responses analysed according to noise zones classified as supplemental noise information. The results show that the airport’s neighbours are annoyed by aircraft noise and that aircraft noise interferes with normal household activities. This annoyance and interference decreases with increasing distance from the airport. Furthermore, reported annoyance and interference is greater in those areas where higher numbers of noise events are encountered, even at relatively low noise levels of 60 LAmax – something not evident from average energy noise contours. This finding strengthens the argument that it is insufficient to provide only average energy aircraft noise information when studying the impact of aircraft noise. To understand the situation more fully, supplemental noise information is essential. The study concludes with a framework constructed to apply supplemental aircraft noise information to the abatement and mitigation measures normally used to deal with aircraft noise.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-05-08T16:41:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CRISTIANO FERRARI MACIEL.pdf: 14447782 bytes, checksum: 262e3ddbd83eac3d3b3e91af89754655 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T16:41:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CRISTIANO FERRARI MACIEL.pdf: 14447782 bytes, checksum: 262e3ddbd83eac3d3b3e91af89754655 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This research inserts itself on the debate about urban renewal of airport areas located in metropolitan areas, as those that concentrate the dynamics related to the increase of international commercial relations, the globalization of the means of production and the reproduction of capital in the real estate market. It is a research where the airport becomes protagonist in the discussion of the re-signification of an area within a perspective of integration of the city and the region on the global markets of production and consumption. The main objective of the thesis is to analyze how the territory, covered by the new economic and industrial activities, turns into an airport-city and gains regional momentum, being able to constitute an Aerotropolis. It is assumed that the facilities of the International Airport of Viracopos-Campinas (VCP), can, possibly, be transformed into an airport-city and shape the surrounding region on an Aerotropolis; however, it will not serve the public interest in the urban requalification of the region, historically marked by inequality and socio-spatial segregation if it does not maintain and incorporate the resident population in the construction of Aerotropolis. This thesis is based on studies carried out on two international airports with a strong presence in airfreight transport in their countries (Netherlands and United States) to understand the city-region-production-networks-territory relationship on which the Aerotropolis territorial arrangement is based. / Esta pesquisa se insere no debate sobre a requalifica??o urbana das ?reas aeroportu?rias, alocadas em regi?es metropolitanas, as quais concentram din?micas relacionadas ao incremento das rela??es comerciais internacionais, da globaliza??o dos meios de produ??o e da reprodu??o do capital junto ao mercado imobili?rio. Trata-se de uma pesquisa onde o aeroporto se torna protagonista no bojo da ressignifica??o de uma ?rea metropolitana, na perspectiva de integra??o da cidade e da regi?o junto aos mercados globais de produ??o e consumo. O objetivo principal da tese ? analisar como o territ?rio, abrangido pelas novas atividades econ?micas e industriais, se transforma em uma cidade aeroportu?ria e ganha impulso regional podendo se constituir numa Aerotropolis. Parte-se do pressuposto de que as instala??es do Aeroporto Internacional de Viracopos-Campinas (VCP), podem sim, ser transformadas em uma cidade aeroportu?ria e moldar a regi?o circunvizinha em uma Aerotropolis; por?m, esta n?o atender? o interesse p?blico na requalifica??o urbana da regi?o, marcada historicamente pela desigualdade e segrega??o socioespacial, sen?o mantiver e incorporar a popula??o residente na constru??o da Aerotropolis. A tese apoiouse nos estudos realizados sobre dois aeroportos internacionais com forte presen?a no transporte a?reo de cargas em seus pa?ses (Holanda e Estados Unidos), para compreender a rela??o cidade-regi?o-produ??o-redes-territ?rio na qual se baseia o arranjo territorial chamado de Aerotropolis.

Mit der Entwicklung eines stochastischen Modells zur Abbildung des Bewegungsverhaltens von Passagieren wird die Basis für eine virtuelle Anwendungsumgebung geschaffen, mit der die Passagierabfertigungsprozesse im Flughafenterminal und die hierfür notwendigen Infrastrukturen modelliert, implementiert, untersucht und gezielt optimiert werden können. Es werden vorhandene wissenschaftliche Modellansätze zur mikroskopischen Agentensimulation kritisch gewürdigt und Anforderungen an das zu entwickelnde Bewegungsmodell abgeleitet. Das eigens entwickelte stochastische Bewegungsmodell stellt die Erweiterung eines räumlich diskreten mikroskopischen Modells auf Basis eines zellularen Automaten dar, wobei Defizite aufgrund der verwendeten diskreten Gitterstruktur bereits auf Modellebene kompensiert werden. Zu den Erweiterungen zählen die autonome Umgebungsanalyse und die Routenplanung des Agenten, die Abbildung weitreichender Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Agenten und die Berücksichtigung von gruppendynamischen Entscheidungen. Durch die Validierung des stochastischen Bewegungsmodells anhand des Fundamentaldiagramms für Fußgänger kann gezeigt werden, dass das Modell in der Lage ist, den charakteristischen Verlauf der Geschwindigkeit in Relation zur Agentendichte quantitativ abzubilden. Auch typische, in der Realität beobachtbare Selbstorganisationseffekte können durch das Modell reproduziert werden. Für die Anwendung des stochastischen Modells zur Abbildung des Bewegungsverhaltens von Passagieren im Flughafenterminal wird das Modell durch empirisch erhobene Passagierbewegungsdaten kalibriert. Die Datenerhebung erfolgt am Flughafen Dresden unter Verwendung eines entwickelten videogestützten Bewegungsverfolgungssystems und erlaubt eine gezielte Kalibrierung hinsichtlich der Passagierparameter: Geschlecht, Reisemotivation (privat oder geschäftlich), Gruppengröße sowie Gepäckart und -anzahl. Für die Erstellung der virtuellen Terminalumgebung werden die Passagierabfertigungsprozesse eingehend analysiert und die Prozesszeiten der jeweiligen Abfertigungsstationen durch spezifische Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen modelliert. Hierfür stehen empirische Datenerhebungen am Flughafen Stuttgart zur Verfügung, die eine detaillierte Prozessanalyse hinsichtlich der Passagierparameter und der Prozessparameter (Erfahrung des Personals, Reaktionszeiten bei Störungen) erlauben. Im Anschluss an die Kalibrierung des stochastischen Bewegungsmodells und die Modellierung der Passagierabfertigungsprozesse erfolgt die Entwicklung einer Anwendungsumgebung für die Implementierung des virtuellen Flughafens. Durch den modularen Aufbau der Anwendungsumgebung ist eine effiziente Implementierung der Flughafenstrukturen (Grundriss, Flugplan, Personaleinsatz), der Abfertigungsprozesse und des stochastischen Bewegungsmodells möglich. Die Anwendungsumgebung stellt dabei einen übergeordneten Rahmen dar, durch den eine allgemeine Nutzerschnittstelle (Konfigurationsumgebung), eine grafische Ergebnisaufbereitung und die dreidimensionale Abbildung des Bewegungsverhaltens der Passagiere zur Verfügung steht. Die Anwendung des entwickelten stochastischen Bewegungsmodells erfolgt für die Validierung der Passagierabfertigungsprozesse (Check-In und Sicherheitskontrolle), für die Entwicklung einer passagierbezogener Prozessbewertung und für die vollständige Abbildung der Terminalprozesse (Abflug) am Beispiel des Flughafens Dresden. Durch die Analyse des Einstiegsverhaltens der Passagiere in ein Verkehrsflugzeug werden die Notwendigkeit des Einsatzes stochastischer Bewegungsmodelle und das Potential mikroskopischer Modellierungsansätze verdeutlicht. Das entwickelte stochastische Bewegungsmodell kann das Passagierverhalten auch in komplexen Umgebungen umfänglich widerspiegeln und die entwickelte Anwendungsumgebung stellt einen idealen Rahmen für die Modellanwendung und -weiterentwicklung dar. Durch die anwendungsorientierten Implementierungen steht eine Vielzahl von geeigneten Detaillösungen zur Verfügung, um den zukünftigen wissenschaftlichen und praxisrelevanten Herausforderungen der Personendynamik zu begegnen. / The development of a stochastic motion model allows for using a virtual application environment, to reproduce passenger motion behavior and handling processes at airport terminals. Based on the introduced scientific approaches for microscopic agent simulation, requirements for an application-oriented motion model are derived. The developed model is a substantial extension of a stochastic cellular automata approach, where the deficiencies due to the discrete grid structure are compensated on a fundamental level. The model development is completed by adding agent-oriented environment analysis, route planning, and mid-range agent interaction. The stochastic motion model proves its capabilities for a quantitative reproduction of the characteristic shape of the common fundamental diagram of pedestrian dynamics. Moreover, generic self-organization effects are reproduced by the model. For the application of the stochastic approach for modeling the motion behavior of passengers inside an airport terminal, a comprehensive acqusition of data at Dresden International Airport provides a solid basis. A video-supported tracking environment allows for an efficient categorization of passengers and analysis of their motion behavior regarding to their gender, travel purpose (private or business), group size, and baggage types and quantities. In addition to the passenger-related data, the process time of passenger handling at each station at Stuttgart Airport is analyzed in detail and transformed to statistic probabilities by functional data fitting. Finally, the calibrated stochastic motion model is prepared for passenger dynamics at airport terminals. After the successful development and calibration, the implementation of the motion model in a virtual application environment is accomplished. To implement the terminal structure, the passenger handling processes, and the individual passenger motion behavior common programming interfaces are used as well as specific components for linking model and animation requirements. The application of the stochastic motion models aims at the validation of passenger handling process on the basis of empirical data from Stuttgart airport and at the development of a passenger-oriented process evaluation using Dresden Airport environment. The simulation of passenger dynamics at airport terminals points out that the stochastic motion model reproduces the motion behavior of passengers close to reality. Due to the application-oriented implementation a variety of appropriate solutions are available for future scientific and operational challenges related to passenger dynamics.

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

Airlines have endured a prolonged period of intense competition with the advent of deregulation in 1978. Market innovations and price-cutting dramatically expanded the number of travelers utilizing the national air transportation network. Bankruptcies and mergers reduced the number of contestants in the industry and eventually produced four national carriers controlling 80-85 percent of the passengers and routes. This new market power of the dominant airlines is resulting in industry changes designed to reduce operational uncertainty but is also having detrimental effects on many airports, particularly the smallest airports. This study employs qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the viability of the nation’s smallest primary commercial service airports. Three journal articles are fused in examining different aspects of the viability question. In Article 1, a longitudinal comparative analysis presents historic growth patterns for various sized airports during deregulation and reveals a distinctly lower growth rate for nonhub airports than their larger rivals. Even with a burgeoning market for travelers, growth for nonhub airports was anemic and the industry experienced massive passenger migration to the 60 largest airports. Article 2 addresses the topic of consumer switching, expands on extant literature with qualitative analyses, and proposes a theoretic, conceptual framework of four primary types of traveler purchasers. Each traveler type has its own distinct switching rationale and creates leakage patterns contoured to the features of their preferred airport. Building on the migration and switching findings of the first two articles, Article 3 explores converging market conditions and factors that are threatening future airline service for dozens of the smallest airports. By extracting findings from contemporary research, a comparative analysis of airports identifies 33 airports that face the highest risk of losing air service. The explanatory model places the airports in rank order by weighting various threat criteria. Qualitative interviews of air service professionals offer insider observations generally not known to the public, confirm observations found in existing research and verify that market forces are acting to reduce the number of airports in the network. The key contribution of the three articles of the thesis is its description of how key actors (firms, customers, agencies) interact and respond to policy decisions that have unintended consequences to small airports and their regional economies. There are predictable patterns in the relational linkages of these actors that contribute to our understanding of how a particular industry evolves under various pressures and how it interacts with factors outside the industry. The preponderance of the evidence from this study reveals that current market trends are generally caustic to the continued operation of small airports. Industry experts are reticent in acknowledging that the next phase of deregulation is underway with the consolidation of the nation’s nonhub airports.

Cette thèse étudie l’impact de l’Aéroport international de Beyrouth sur la qualité de l’air de Beyrouth et ses banlieues par mesures et modélisation des COVs et NO2. Il s’agit de la première étude qui identifie les signatures des émissions (COVs) issues des avions sous opération réelle. Grâce aux signatures détectées lors de 4 campagnes réalisées, nous constatons que l’aéroport a un impact sur la qualité de l’air de son voisinage, la zone côtière (trajectoire d’atterrissage), et les zones montagneuses. Ces résultats sont confirmés via le modèle ADMS-Airport, utilisé pour la première fois au Moyen-Orient et validé pour les conditions libanaises (r = 0.86). Par ailleurs, les concentrations de 47 COVs ont été mesurées pour la première fois à l'intérieur d’un bâtiment de l'aéroport. Les teneurs en COVs qui sont corrélées au nombre d’avions sont en dessous des valeurs seuils sauf pour l'acroléine alors que la celle de NO2 peut constituer un danger pour la santé. / This work mainly investigated the impact of Beirut Airport on the air quality of Beirut and its suburbs via both measurements and modeling of VOCs and NO2. This is the first study to determine VOC signatures of exhaust emissions from aircraft under real operation. Using these signatures, the impact of the airport activities was tracked in 4 transect campaigns, where it was found that the airport impacts air quality not only in its vicinity, but also on the seashore (landing jet trajectory) and in mountainous areas. These results were confirmed via modeling with ADMS-Airport, implemented for the first time in the Middle East, after being validated in the Lebanese conditions (r = 0.86). As a secondary goal, and for the first time, 47 VOCs were assessed inside an airport building. Measured VOC levels did not present any risks except for acrolein. In the arrivals hall, NO2 levels indicated a health hazard; while a direct relationship was found between aircraft number and VOC concentrations.