La croissance continue de la demande mondiale des produits semi-conducteurs (dans un large éventail de secteurs, tels que la sécurité, la santé, le divertissement, la connectivité, l'énergie, etc) a été conduite par la loi de Moore en doublant régulièrement la densité et les performances des circuits numériques. Cependant, comme la miniaturisation de la technologie CMOS commence à atteindre ses limites théoriques, l'ITRS prévoit une nouvelle ère connue sous le nom "Beyond CMOS". Des nouveaux matériaux et dispositifs révèlent une capacité à compléter ou même remplacer le transistor CMOS ou son canal dans les systèmes sur puce à base de silicium. Cela a conduit à l'identification des phénomènes prometteurs tel que la conduction ambipolaire dans les structures quasi uni- et zéro-dimensionnels, par exemple dans les nanotubes de carbone, le graphène et les nanofils de silicium. L'ambipolarité, dans un contexte à double grille (DG-FET), signifie qu'un comportement de type N et P puisse être observé dans le même dispositif en fonction de la polarité de la tension de la grille arrière. En plus de leur performance attractive et leur faible consommation de puissance, les dispositifs ambipolaires à double grille indépendantes (Am-IDGFET) permettent le développement des structures logiques ainsi que des paradigmes de conception entièrement inédits. Les techniques classiques de synthèse logique ne peuvent pas représenter la capacité des Am-IDGFETs de fonctionner soit comme commutateurs de type N ou de type P. Alors des nouvelles techniques doivent être trouvées pour construire une logique optimale. Le travail de cette thèse explore les techniques de conception pour permettre l'utilisation de ces dispositifs en définissant des approches génériques et des techniques de conception basées sur les Am-IDGFETs. Deux contextes différents sont abordés: (i) l'amélioration de la conception de cellules logiques avec des structures plus compactes et une meilleure performance, ainsi que des techniques de conception à faible consommation qui exploitent la grille arrière du dispositif, et (ii) l'adaptation des techniques classiques de synthèse logique comme les diagrammes de décision binaires (BDDs) ou l'approche de classification des fonctions afin de construire des cellules logiques reconfigurables à base des Am-IDGFETs. Les méthodes et les techniques proposées sont validées et évaluées à travers une étude basée sur le dispositif DG-CNTFET par l'intermédiaire des simulations précises, en utilisant le modèle DG-CNTFET le plus mature disponible dans la littérature.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Köln.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Syracuse University, 2008. / "Publication number: AAT 3333563."

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität zu München, 1983. / Cover title: Die Buchmesse in Frankfurt am Main vor 1560. Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-203).

Mestre -- Escola Nacional de Saude Publica, Rio de Janeiro, 2004.

Mestre -- Escola Nacional de Saude Publica, Rio de Janeiro, 2004.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--München, 1983--Philosophische Fakultät. / Bibliogr. p. IX-XV. Index.

Diss.--Mannheim--Universität.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-09-09Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000741182_20140930.pdf: 395072 bytes, checksum: 127ce5ee4bdf12a8f76953cc23531f21 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2014-10-03T16:24:44Z: 000741182_20140930.pdf,Bitstream added on 2014-10-03T16:27:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 2 000741182_20140930.pdf.txt: 31713 bytes, checksum: a6a381f0975530bddc3e0a62f9b75201 (MD5) 000741182.pdf: 2756696 bytes, checksum: cd9eae9b4fd91fd67273e14a72e3bad3 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2014-10-03T16:33:18Z: 000741182.pdf,Bitstream added on 2014-10-03T16:43:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 2 000741182_20140930.pdf.txt: 31713 bytes, checksum: a6a381f0975530bddc3e0a62f9b75201 (MD5) 000741182.pdf: 2756696 bytes, checksum: cd9eae9b4fd91fd67273e14a72e3bad3 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2014-10-03T16:48:58Z: 000741182.pdf,Bitstream added on 2014-10-03T16:49:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000741182.pdf: 2756696 bytes, checksum: cd9eae9b4fd91fd67273e14a72e3bad3 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2014-10-27T11:47:13Z: 000741182.pdf,Bitstream added on 2014-10-27T11:48:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000741182.pdf: 2756696 bytes, checksum: cd9eae9b4fd91fd67273e14a72e3bad3 (MD5) / Os Enterococcus spp habitam normalmente o trato gastrointestinal de seres humanos e de animais. Desde 1980, foram identificados como importantes agente de infecções hospitalares. As espécies E. faecalis e E. faecium são agentes de diversas infecções, como bacteriemia, sepse, endocardite, infecção do trato urinário, infecções de feridas e meningite. A resistência adquirida, mais predominantemente a penicilina/ampicilina, aminoglicosídeos (alto nível de resistência) e glicopeptídeos são relatados em um número crescente de isolados e o espectro terapêutico nestes casos é limitado. A principal preocupação é que os genes que codificam a resistência para todos esses antibióticos poderiam ser transferidos para outros enterococos ou mesmo para muitos outros patógenos virulentos. A resistência adquirida aos glicopeptídeos é mediada por vários mecanismos (tipos VanA/B/D/E/G/L), sendo que os genótipos VanA e VanB são transferíveis. Fatores relacionados com o hospedeiro, com o hospital, procedimentos invasivos, meio ambiente, e o uso de antibióticos podem aumentar o risco de colonização ou infecção com VRE. Este estudo visa investigar a ocorrência destes microrganismos, em pacientes de hospitais de Manaus - Amazonas, identificando a distribuição das espécies e o perfil de resistência aos antimicrobianos e dos genes de resistência a vancomicina envolvidos. Foram analisados 38 isolados de Enterococcus spp. provenientes de pacientes internados ou de atendimento ambulatorial no período de outubro de 2011 a setembro de 2012. Foram confirmados 29 isolados de E. faecalis e 8 de E. faecium por testes bioquímicos convencionais, pela metodologia automatizada e por Reação da Polimerase em Cadeia (PCR). Um isolado de Enterococcus spp. foi identificado pelo equipamento automatizado como E. casseliflavus, identificação não confirmada pela PCR. A avaliação dos perfis de suscetibilidade aos ... / The Enterococcus spp. normally inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Since 1980, have been identified as a major cause of nosocomial infections. The species E. faecalis and E. faecium are agents of various infections, such as bacteremia, sepsis, endocarditis, urinary tract infections, wound infections and meningitis. Acquired resistance, most predominantly penicillin / ampicillin, aminoglycosides (high-level resistance) and glycopeptides are reported in an increasing number of isolates and therapeutic spectrum in these cases is limited. The main concern is that the genes which encode resistance to these antibiotics could all be transferred to other Enterococci or for many other virulent pathogens. Acquired resistance to glycopeptides is mediated by several mechanisms (types VanA/B/D/E/G/L), with VanA and VanB genotypes are transferable. Factors related to the host, with the hospital, invasive procedures, environment, and the use of antibiotics may increase the risk of colonization or infection with VRE. This study aims to investigate the occurrence of these microorganisms in hospital patients of Manaus - Amazonas, identifying species distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile and vancomycin resistance genes involved. We analyzed 38 Enterococcus spp. from inpatient or outpatient care from October 2011 to September 2012. 29 isolates E. faecalis and 8 E. faecium were confirmed by conventional biochemical tests, the automated methodology and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). An isolate of Enterococcus spp. was identified by automated equipment as E. casseliflavus, identification was not confirmed by PCR. The evaluation of the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles commonly used in clinical practice were performed by disk diffusion methods and automated. There were differences in the results of sensitivity to penicillin and ampicillin between the two methods. There were no isolated ...

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-22T21:32:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoDeSouzaMaggi_TESE.pdf: 1944735 bytes, checksum: 3f8ff31d8a9b2321520912386e5a28f1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-24T22:46:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoDeSouzaMaggi_TESE.pdf: 1944735 bytes, checksum: 3f8ff31d8a9b2321520912386e5a28f1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-24T22:46:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoDeSouzaMaggi_TESE.pdf: 1944735 bytes, checksum: 3f8ff31d8a9b2321520912386e5a28f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Nesta proposta esperamos resolver as seguintes quest?es: 1. existe diferen?as na colora??o entre machos e f?meas de Tropidurus hispidus? 2. as f?meas utilizam caracter?sticas da colora??o para escolher parceiros? 3. a colora??o dos machos prediz o resultado de disputas em contextos agon?sticos? Tropidurus hispidus Spix (1825) a maior esp?cie do grupo Torquatus. Os lagartos desse g?nero s?o diurnos, extremamente abundantes, heli?filos, forrageadores senta-e-espera, territoriais, ocorrendo predominantemente em forma??es abertas. Utilizamos um espectrofot?metro para mensurar as vari?veis de cor e uma modelagem visual, utilizando os dados de sensibilidade visual do lagarto Podarcis mularis. Estes dados foram usados para responder a primeira quest?o. Para responder as quest?es 2 e 3 realizamos dois experimentos controlados, no qual pareamos os machos pelo tamanho. No primeiro, de escolha dos machos pelas f?meas, dois machos foram colocados em um terr?rio dividido em tr?s partes, cada macho ficava em um compartimento e n?o tinham contato visual entre eles e a f?meas no outro compartimento com total acesso visual aos dois machos. Para o segundo, de intera??es agon?sticas entre machos, os animais foram colocados em um terr?rio durante 30 min e neste per?odo foram registrado todos os comportamento para determinar os vencedores em cada rodada. Primeiramente, as vari?veis de cor foram usadas para diferenciar machos de f?meas. Nossos primeiros resultados mostraram claramente que T. hispidus exibe dicromatismo sexual e que este ? percebido por conspec?fico. Das onze ?reas do corpo usadas para comparar machos e f?meas, nove mostraram diferen?as significativas. Para a regi?o dorsal e cabe?a, o croma vermelho ? a vari?vel que mais discrimina machos de f?meas. J? para a regi?o ventral da coxa, cloaca, flanco, barriga e garganta o brilho ? a que melhor distingue machos de f?meas. Para a base da cauda a matiz ? o que melhor discrimina os sexos?. Ainda, o croma UV na regi?o ventral da base da cauda, tamb?m distingue os sexos. A modelagem visual mostrou que essas diferen?as s?o percebidas por outro lagarto, confirmando os dados de espectrofotometria. No experimento de escolha pelas f?meas a regi?o e a vari?vel que melhor discriminaram escolhidos e n?o escolhidos, foram, respectivamente ventral da coxa e croma 8. Para o experimento de competi??o entre os machos as regi?es barriga e colar, bem como as vari?veis croma azul, 3 e 8, melhor discriminaram vencedores e perdedores. Isso nos mostra que a diferen?a entre machos e f?meas v?o al?m das descritas na literaturas e que a colora??o tem um papel importante na competi??o inter e intrasexual. Com isso esperamos ter contribu?do para uma melhor compreens?o da evolu??o do design do sinal e como agem a sele??o intra- e intersexual neste processo. / In this study our goals were to address the following issues: Are there differences in coloration between males and females of Tropidurus hispidus? Do females use color traits to choose between mates? Does male coloration predict the outcome of agonistic encounters? Tropidurus hispidus Spix (1825), the larger species of the Torquatus group. Tropidurus are diurnal, extremely abundant, heliophiles, sit-and-wait foragers, and territorial lizards occurring predominantly in open areas. We used a spectrophotometer to measure color variables and visual modeling using visual sensitivity data for Podarcis mularis. This data was used to answer the first question. To answer questions 2 and 3 we performed two controlled experiments with size-paired males. First, we conducted a female mate-choice experiment where males were placed in a terraria enclosure with three separated parts. We assigned each male to a compartment in which they did not have mutual visual contact. Next, we assigned females to the third compartment that enabled visual contact to both the males. The second experiment consisted of an agonistic interaction set up where we placed a pair of males in a single terraria enclosure for 30 min. During the experiment period we recorded behavioral displays in order to determine winners of each trial. Separately, we used color variables to differentiate males from females. Our first results clearly showed that T. hispidus exhibits sexual dichromatism and that it is perceived as conspecific. Of the eleven areas of the body used to compare males and females, nine showed significant differences. For the dorsal region and head, the red chroma is the variable that most discriminates males from females. While for the ventral region of the thigh, cloaca, flank, belly and throat the glow is the one that best distinguishes males from females. For the base of the tail the tint better discriminates. The UV chroma in the ventral region of the tail base also distinguishes the sexes. The visual modeling showed that these differences are likely perceived by other lizards, confirming spectrophotometry data. In the experiment of choice by the females the region and the variable that discriminated best chosen and not chosen were respectively thigh ventral and chroma 8. For the competition experiment between the males the belly and collar regions, as well as the blue, 3 And 8 chroma variables, better discriminated winners and losers. This shows us that the difference between males and females goes beyond those described in literatures and that coloring plays an important role in inter and intra-sexual competition. With this we hope to have contributed to a better understanding of the evolution of the signal design and how the intra- and intersexual selection act in this process in T. hispidus.