El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / The present research aims to compare the different technologies that allow real-time communication between Android and iOS devices. We conducted a measurement-driven experiment to test the performance of each technology under different scenarios. We determine their functionality according to the environment for which they have been developed, showing competent information about their capabilities based on the communication channel they use, and their performance measured in milliseconds. The final results allow mobile application developers to determine which technologies suits them the best, based on the specific context of their projects. / Revisión por pares

With the development of modern smartphones, mobile devices have become ubiquitous in our daily lives. With high processing capabilities and a vast number of applications, users now need them for both business and personal tasks. Unfortunately, battery technology did not scale with the same speed as computational power. Hence, modern smartphone batteries often last for less than a day before they need to be recharged. One of the most power hungry components is the central processing unit (CPU). Multiple techniques are applied to reduce CPU energy consumption. Among them is dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). This technique reduces energy consumption by dynamically changing CPU supply voltage depending on the currently running workload. Reducing voltage, however, also makes it necessary to reduce the clock frequency, which can have a significant impact on task performance. Current DVFS algorithms deliver a good user experience, however, as experiments conducted later in this thesis will show, they do not deliver an optimal energy efficiency for an interactive mobile workload. This thesis presents methods and tools to determine where energy can be saved during mobile workload execution when using DVFS. Furthermore, an improved DVFS technique is developed that achieves a higher energy efficiency than the current standard. One important question when developing a DVFS technique is: How much can you slow down a task to save energy before the negative effect on performance becomes intolerable? The ultimate goal when optimising a mobile system is to provide a high quality of experience (QOE) to the end user. In that context, task slowdowns become intolerable when they have a perceptible effect on QOE. Experiments conducted in this thesis answer this question by identifying workload periods in which performance changes are directly perceptible by the end user and periods where they are imperceptible, namely interaction lags and interaction idle periods. Interaction lags are the time it takes the system to process a user interaction and display a corresponding response. Idle periods are the periods between interactions where the user perceives the system as idle and ready for the next input. By knowing where those periods are and how they are affected by frequency changes, a more energy efficient DVFS governor can be developed. This thesis begins by introducing a methodology that measures the duration of interaction lags as perceived by the user. It uses them as an indicator to benchmark the quality of experience for a workload execution. A representative benchmark workload is generated comprising 190 minutes of interactions collected from real users. In conjunction with this QOE benchmark, a DVFS Oracle study is conducted. It is able to find a frequency profile for an interactive mobile workload which has the maximum energy savings achievable without a perceptible performance impact on the user. The developed Oracle performance profile achieves a QOE which is indistinguishable from always running on the fastest frequency while needing 45% less energy. Furthermore, this Oracle is used as a baseline to evaluate how well current mobile frequency governors are performing. It shows that none of these governors perform particularly well and up to 32% energy savings are possible. Equipped with a benchmark and an optimisation baseline, a user perception aware DVFS technique is developed in the second part of this thesis. Initially, a runtime heuristic is introduced which is able to detect interaction lags as the user would perceive them. Using this heuristic, a reinforcement learning driven governor is developed which is able to learn good frequency settings for interaction lag and idle periods based on sample observations. It consumes up to 22% less energy than current standard governors on mobile devices, and maintains a low impact on QOE.

The Internet has evolved and continues to evolve rapidly and as adults we understand the need to be careful with various issues including our privacy, scams, bullying and as adults we stumble across unwanted material that might be considered inappropriate. Children also need to be protected and this thesis will research what children do when they are online, and what protection is currently given to children. The research will also include input from teachers and parents and find out what experiences they have and what they are doing to protect children. The thesis will involve software testing to evaluate how effective parental control software is, and possibilities of it being hacked. This research will concentrate on smartphones, and in particular the Android operating system, the reason is that Android phones can be purchased cheaper than an iPhone, and therefore are more likely to be used by a child. A developer’s version of Android can also be configured to run it in a virtual machine running on a PC which makes various testing possible. The thesis will also involve reviewing other organisation’s research and findings and how it compares to my own research. The thesis will give advice on how to move forward in relation to keeping children safe online.

Magister Scientiae - MSc (Computer Science) / This thesis describes the development cycles of an authoring tool that generalises scenario creation for SignSupport. SignSupport is a mobile communication tool for Deaf people that currently runs on an Android smartphone. The authoring tool is computer-based software that helps a domain expert, with little or no programming skills, design and populate a limited domain conversation scenario between a Deaf person and a hearing person, e.g., when a Deaf patient collects medication at a hospital pharmacy or when a Deaf learner is taking a computer literacy course. SignSupport provides instructions to the Deaf person in signed language videos on a mobile device. The authoring tool enables the creation and population of such scenarios on a computer for subsequent 'playback' on a mobile device. The output of this authoring tool is an XML script, alongside a repository of media les that can be used to render the SignSupport mobile app on any platform. Our concern was to iteratively develop the user interface for the authoring tool, focusing on the domain experts who create the overall flow and content for a given scenario. We had four development iterations, where the rst three were evaluated for usability; for both pharmacy and ICDL course scenarios with purposive sampling. The fourth iteration focused on using the authoring tool to design an ICDL practise mobile app, recording the necessary SASL videos and using an XML parser to render the designs XML script into an Android app. The research conducted herein leveraged multiple approaches to content authoring and generalisation; and further that software generalisation can improve accessibility and a ordability for the ultimate end users. The thesis concludes with a summary of recommendations and lessons learnt.

No description available.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze development of mobile software, specially the hybrid approach of mobile development. The theoretical part compares native and hybrid approach of development and on the basis of selected criteria compares technologies available for hybrid mobile development. The practical part of the thesis focuses on hybrid mobile application design, its development and the subsequent testing. At the conclusion there is a summarization of findings and experiences gained during the elaboration, design, development and testing of application.

This thesis is focused on the development of mobile devices and their usage. The thesis gives basic overview of mobile phones, including their historical development. It also contains an analysis of the condition and the possibility of utilization of these devices. There are mentioned currently best selling phones and their operating systems. In the practical part, there is a model of decision situation that turns up when choosing a mobile phone and also when choosing a mobile operating system. There is also compared the state of usage of mobile devices in the Czech Republic and in the world from several aspects, including the comparison of sales of the particular manufacturers and sales of operating systems.

Submitted by Diogo Barreiros (diogo.barreiros@ufba.br) on 2017-02-09T18:53:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Castelo Branco Caldas Neto.pdf: 3406573 bytes, checksum: 989e2168ab7188877e29843add45876b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Reis (vanessa.jamile@ufba.br) on 2017-02-10T11:24:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Castelo Branco Caldas Neto.pdf: 3406573 bytes, checksum: 989e2168ab7188877e29843add45876b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-10T11:24:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Castelo Branco Caldas Neto.pdf: 3406573 bytes, checksum: 989e2168ab7188877e29843add45876b (MD5) / Atualmente, diversas transações que envolvem utilização de serviços governamentais, bancários ou comerciais são realizados eletronicamente e assinados de forma digital. No Brasil, desde 2001, documentos assinados com certificados digitais ICP-Brasil têm validade legal e, recentemente, têm se difundido muito devido a ações de fomento realizadas pelo governo que são visíveis em leis, normas e na utilização de documentos como e-CPF, e-CNPJ e doravante o Registro Único de Identidade Civil (RIC). Os documentos supracitados são cartões inteligentes (ou smart cards) que armazenam certificados digitais e, consequentemente, podem ser usados para realizar assinatura digital. Embora leitores de smart cards (também conhecidos como CAD – Card Acceptance Device) estejam populares e venham sendo utilizados, como é possível constatar, por exemplo, na Receita Federal e na Justiça Superior, a grande maioria os leitores de cartões inteligentes atualmente disponíveis funcionam apenas ligados a computadores pessoais. A grande popularização de tablets e telefones celulares inteligentes (ou smart phones) tem gerado uma forte tendência de utilização destes dispositivos móveis para a realização de transações eletrônicas como compras, transferências bancárias, envio de e-mails e outros. Dessa forma, é desejável assinar documentos digitalmente, através de um certificado digital armazenado em um cartão inteligente, a partir de um dispositivo móvel, como por exemplo, um celular. Este trabalho apresenta o projeto e implementação de um dispositivo leitor e escritor portátil de cartões inteligentes, denominado SCREADMOD (Smart Card Reader for Mobile Devices). Ele foi desenvolvido para ser acoplado e/ou utilizado de forma integrada com objetos inteligentes (celulares, computadores pessoais, tablets PC?s, etc.), que possam se comunicar utilizando a tecnologia de comunicação sem fios Bluetooth. Para demonstrar a viabilidade técnica do protótipo, um exemplo de aplicativo que executa sobre o sistema operacional móvel Android foi desenvolvido.

Os aplicativos móveis, desenvolvidos originalmente para a área do entretenimento, hoje estão presentes nos mais diversos domínios, sendo comuns inclusive em áreas de alto valor agregado, como: varejista, logística, bancária, médica, entre outras. Portanto, a qualidade e correção dos aplicativos móveis tornam-se obrigatórios e as atividades de teste essenciais. Porém a qualidade das aplicações móveis nem sempre é satisfatória. Isso ocorre devido ao fato dessas aplicações sofrerem com a pressão do mercado e passarem por um processo muito rápido de desenvolvimento, onde geralmente a fase de testes é negligenciada ou realizada de forma superficial, pela própria equipe de desenvolvimento, comprometendo assim a qualidade da aplicação. Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem baseada no Behavior Driven Development para ajudar na definição de testes de sistema para aplicativos nativos do Android. A abordagem proposta utiliza os arquivos de leiaute da aplicação para extrair informações sobre os componentes da interface e sobre os eventos esperados pelo sistema. A partir dessas informações, é possível verificar a cobertura dos cenários existentes em relação aos eventos disponíveis na interface com o usuário. Além disso, é possível identificar elementos do leiaute que não são exercitados pelos cenários existentes. A abordagem proposta é implementada por uma ferramenta chamada Android Behavior Testing Tool que, por meio da interpretação dos cenários do Behavior Driven Development, fornece uma visão geral do fluxo comportamental da aplicação ao testador (visão hoje não disponível), proporcionando assim uma noção de fácil compreensão sobre a cobertura dos testes em relação aos elementos da interface do aplicativo. Desta forma, o testador pode julgar a integridade dos casos de teste disponíveis em relação às funcionalidades implementadas e, se necessário, implementar novos testes. A ferramenta também faz uso dos arquivos de leiaute do aplicativo para identificar os componentes da interface que não foram testados e gera, neste caso, modelos de cenários no formato do BDD, automatizando assim a tarefa de escrita dos mesmos. A abordagem proposta foi utilizada em quatro aplicativos Android e se mostrou útil, uma vez que, em três estudos de caso foram detectados bugs oriundos de inconsistências lógicas nos cenários ou elementos não exercitados pelos cenários. / Mobile applications, originally developed for entertainment, nowadays are present in a wide range of domains, being common even in areas of high value such as retailer, logistics, banking, and medical, among others. However, the quality and correctness of mobile applications become mandatory and testing activities are essential. However, the quality of mobile applications is not always good enough. This is because these applications suffer from market pressure and pass through a very rapid development process where the testing phase usually is neglected or superficially performed by the development team itself, thus compromising the quality of the application. This work proposes an approach based on Behavior Driven Development to help to define system tests for native Android applications. The proposed approach uses the application's layout files to extract information about the interface components and the events expected by the system. From this information, it is possible to check out the coverage of existing test scenarios against events available in the user interface. In addition, it is possible to identify unexercised usage scenarios from the existing test scenarios. The proposed approach is implemented by a tool called Android Behavior Testing Tool which, through the interpretation of the BDD usage scenarios, provides to the tester an overview of the behavioral flow of the application (otherwise unavailable), thus providing a notion of easy understanding of test coverage in relation to the application interface elements. In this way, the tester can judge the integrity of the available test cases in relation to the functionalities implemented and, if necessary, implement new tests. The tool also makes use of the application's layout files to identify untested interface components and in this case generates test scenario models in the BDD format, thus automating the writing task of the scenarios. The proposed approach was used in four Android applications and proved to be useful, since in three case studies bugs were detected. Detected bugs originated from logical inconsistencies in the test scenarios or elements that were not exercised by the scenarios.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação. Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. / Submitted by Oliveira Flávia (flavia@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2015-11-03T18:46:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22190 bytes, checksum: 19e8a2b57ef43c09f4d7071d2153c97d (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_IdealTrafficFramework.pdf: 4394447 bytes, checksum: 59957d5d4058cc84135f55c4a16f0df1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gracilene Carvalho (gracilene@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2015-11-04T17:03:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22190 bytes, checksum: 19e8a2b57ef43c09f4d7071d2153c97d (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_IdealTrafficFramework.pdf: 4394447 bytes, checksum: 59957d5d4058cc84135f55c4a16f0df1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-04T17:03:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22190 bytes, checksum: 19e8a2b57ef43c09f4d7071d2153c97d (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_IdealTrafficFramework.pdf: 4394447 bytes, checksum: 59957d5d4058cc84135f55c4a16f0df1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / The evolution and dissemination of network communication technology and the advanced status of embedded devices encourage the creation of solutions for monitoring cities in various environments. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is an area that makes use of these technologies, so that end-users can benefit from applications that deliver information in real time. On the other hand, administrating these applications is not a trivial task. Components may fail and invalidate an application. Usually, traffic application's architecture is centralized, fact that increases the cost of maintenance and reduces the flexibility of resources reuse. There are features required on ITS such as adaptability, scalability, heterogeneity, interoperability, openness, accessibility, and flexibility. It was not found on the literature any related work that aims to cover all these features, although some of them are requisites for ITS developed for use in North America and Europe. In this work we present IDEAL-TRAFFIC: a framework based on SOA architecture for building monitoring applications, with the ability to manage the state of the applications. IDEAL-TRAFFIC provides a simple interface that enables system administrators create applications and make them available to end-users. A self-adaptation process is included in the IDEAL-TRAFFIC framework in order to ensure fault tolerance. For the implementation of these features, rules of the application need to be considered and might depend upon the minimum of human intervention, since the framework can use third part systems or legacy systems to retrieve relevant data to continue running an application. In this thesis we have applied the IDEAL-TRAFFIC to two use cases to illustrate its use for ITS. In the first use case, we demonstrate the use of the framework in static nodes. In the second use case, we show how the framework may be integrated with vehicular networks. Three experiments have been launched. In all executions we reproduced the first use case over embedded devices. In order to demonstrate the framework accordance with the main ITS requirements, we illustrate the creation of services using XML SOA files, the communication among devices, the integration of the framework with a legacy system, and the scalability of the system. In all experiments we have obtained the expected results. This fact shows that the IDEAL-TRAFFIC is in accordance with the main ITS requirements. In the experiments launched, it was proved that the use of XML is an effective and efficient alternative, to create applications using services available by several nodes on the network. The proposed process reduces the time of creation of applications.