<p>The aim of this study was to find out if there are differences in the use of Anglicisms in the</p><p>French language from Quebec and from France. This was done with the help of a well-known</p><p>sitcom named <em>Un gars, une fille</em>. The Quebecers and the French have adopted their own</p><p>version of this sitcom to their cultures. Nine similar sequences from both countries on the</p><p>theme of sports and six different on the theme of renovation/DIY were analyzed. The analysis</p><p>concentrated on the English loanwords used by the characters. It was found that the</p><p>Quebecers, in the sitcom, used more English loanwords than the French. Both French and</p><p>Quebecers employed many loanwords that are considered as integrated into their language,</p><p>but they also used loanwords that have a negative connotation because there is a French word</p><p>to replace it, but the Anglicisms used appears more fashionable. Finally, it is interesting to</p><p>note the divergence of opinions among scholars in the field of study. Where one scholar</p><p>considers an Anglicism as a part of the French language (integrated) another scholar deems it</p><p>to be a negative influence, a loanword that should not be used.</p>

This Diploma Thesis deals with anglicisms and their frequency in the contemporary Czech language from the point of view of older children at middle school level. It is primarily focused on the understanding and usage of popular and frequent anglicisms. Thesis theoretical part covers general information about language, enriching of the lexicon and it compares Czech language with English. The practical part introduces the results of a questionnaire survey, which was carried out at four elementary schools in the Czech Republic. The aim of the survey was to map the ability of older children at middle school level to understand the English expressions. It was also concerned in their attitudes towards adaptation of words from English. It also touches the usage of anglicisms in the lessons of Czech language at middle school level. Examples of practical exercises are provided. The final part of the Project sums up the reached conclusions. The Diploma Thesis attachments contain the questionnaire and the practical exercises.

This study examines attitudes towards anglicisms in Russian expressed in print media articles. Accelerated linguistic borrowing from English, a particularly visible aspect of the momentous language changes after the breakdown of the Soviet Union, has engendered a range of reactions. Print media articles spanning two decades and several central outlets are analysed to show how arguments for or against use of anglicisms are constructed, what language ideologies these arguments serve, and whether mediated language attitudes changed during the post-Soviet era. A summary of the history of Russian linguistic borrowing and language attitudes from the Middle Ages to the present day shows that periods of national consolidation provoked demands for the restriction of borrowing. Then, a survey of theories on language ideologies demonstrates that they function through the construction of commonsense argumentation in metadiscourse (talk about talk). This argumentation draws on accepted common knowledge in the Russian linguistic culture. Using critical discourse analytic tools, namely analysis of metaphor scenarios and of argumentation, I examine argumentative strategies in the mediated language debates. Particularly, the critical analysis reveals what strategies render dominant standpoints on anglicisms self-evident and logical to the audience. The results show that the media reaction to anglicisms dramatises language change in discourses of threat, justified by assumed commonsense rational knowledge. Whilst there are few reactions in the 1990s, debates on language intensified in the 2000s after Putin’s policies of state reinforcement came into effect, peaking around times of official language policy measures. Anglicisms and their users are subordinated, cast out as the Other, not belonging to the in-group of sensible speakers. This threat is defused via ridicule and claiming of the moral high ground. This commonsense argumentation ultimately supports notions of Russian as a static, sacred component of Russian nation building, and of speakers as passive. Close textual analysis shows that even articles claiming to support language change and the use of anglicisms use argumentation strategies of negativisation. Overall, a consensus on the character and role of the Russian language exists between all perspectives, emphasising the importance of rules and assigning speakers a passive role throughout.

(in English) Our master's thesis deals with formal adaptation of Anglicisms and Germanisms in Czech and Serbian language. The focus of the thesis lies mainly on substantives and their orthographic and morphological adaptation. Moreover, it concentrates on the differences and specificities in both languages and the various ways of writing search terms. For this purpose, Czech and Serbian language corpora were used to serve both the search itself and the approximate indicator of the use of different variants of the writing of individual expressions.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the variability of gender assignment to nominal anglicisms in Brazilian Portuguese and to identify how the orthography of English loanwords and their establishment in the language influences such variation. This study also seeks to identify the most important factors that govern such gender assignment. The data were gathered from two Portuguese corpora, one consisting of more formal and edited language (Corpus do Português, News on the Web) and the other consisting of less formal and unaltered language, such as blog posts (Corpus do Português, Web/Dialects). Forty anglicisms were analyzed in order to study the variation in gender assignment based on the anglicisms’ orthography and establishment in the language, as well as to help determine whether the gender of the loanwords’ cognates or calques influences the gender assignment of words borrowed from English into Portuguese. The results of this study indicate that the gender of the anglicisms’ cognates or most frequent calques and the gender found in Portuguese dictionaries equally influence the gender assignment to anglicisms. This research also shows that variability in gender assignment is not significantly affected by an English loanword’s attestation in Portuguese dictionaries nor by the adaptation to Portuguese orthography of English loanwords, though there are trends that indicate a negative correlation between the variability of anglicisms’ genders and their attestation in Portuguese dictionaries.

The aim of this paper is to examine how anglicisms infiltrate into Romanian language, their influence on Romanian language and how these anglicisms are adapted to the language system. There is a comparison between adaptation of anglicisms in Czech and Romanian language. Next chapter describes also the difference between Czech and Romanian view on the definition of neologism. Examined are various cases including changing of the meaning, words that must be adopted, because they cannot be found in Romanian vocabulary or the opposite case - unnecessary anglicisms that have corresponding Romanian analogues. The paper also focuses on etymology of anglicisms, abbreviations, as well as mistakes, which may occur during adoption of English words into Romanian language. The last part examines morphology, especially the issue of gender and formation of plural forms.

Cette thèse se situe dans le cadre de la recherche sur les emprunts en général et les anglicismes en particulier. A l’aide d’un corpus constitué d’extraits d’un magazine économique et commercial, a été analysé le processus d’intégration discursive des anglicismes en allemand. Nous avons dégagé deux phases d’intégration. Il existe tout d’abord une phase néologique d’intégration des anglicismes, phase durant laquelle le scripteur prend conscience de l’altérité du vocable utilisé, ce qu’il marque de différentes façons. Cette phase peut se prolonger lorsque les anglicismes sont techniques : l’altérité du code est doublée par l’altérité de la référence, et leur caractère anglo-saxon importe alors peu. Nous avons analysé et établi une typologie de ces marqueurs d’altérité. Dans un second temps, nous partons de la constatation selon laquelle, une fois l’intégration discursive achevée, l’anglicisme va mener sa vie sémantique propre en allemand, ce qui a systématiquement des conséquences plus ou moins importantes sur le lexique endogène. / This thesis is part of research on linguistic borrowing in general and anglicisms in particular. Using a corpus of extracts from an economic magazine, we analyzed the integration of anglicisms into German language. We identified two phases of integration. First, there is a neological integration phase, during which the writer is aware of the foreign character of the term used: therefore, he marks it in different ways. This phase can be longer for technical terms: in this case the foreign character of the code is reinforced by the foreign character of the reference, therefore the English origin of the word is not that important. We analyzed these neology marks in speech and built a typology of them. Secondly, we started from the observation that once the integration in speech is completed, anglicisms will lead their own semantic life in German language, which can have more or less impact on German vocabulary.

This diploma thesis primarily deals with anglicisms in magazines Bravo, Cosmopolitan and Popcorn in 1994, 2004 and 2014 in terms of linguistic, journalistic and pragmatic point of view. The thesis is divided into two main parts: theoretical and analytical. The theoretical part provides an interpretation focusing on the issue of acceptance of English loanwords into the Czech language, their work with them, their eventual integration into the language and stylistic force in the Czech articles. Finally, it takes into account the pragmatic aspect of the texts. The analytical part presents and explains specific examples of anglicisms in the selected magazines, works with adapting processes, and also shows its pragmatic and journalistic functions. On the basis of particular examples from selected magazines, the aim of this thesis is to describe the role of anglicisms in the texts, the way they are treated in the texts, how they are changed in order to serve the journalistic purposes, and how they influence the final form of media content, respectively the whole language system.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e avaliar a integração de anglicismos apresentados nas línguas ibero-americanas por meio de jornais impressos e suas respectivas versões on-line. Na primeira parte da dissertação, desenvolvemos considerações de ordem teórica, identificando influências da presença excessiva e contínua dos anglicismos nas sociedades latino-americanas. Para a construção da pesquisa, analisamos edições impressas e on-line dos seguintes jornais: Folha de S. Paulo (Brasil), El Mercurio (Chile) e Clarín (Argentina). Foram pesquisadas palavras do idioma inglês nos textos dos jornais selecionados, sem considerar os nomes próprios, de pessoas, lugares, títulos de livros, filmes, músicas e espetáculos. Considerando a absorção lexical um processo natural de linguagem, esta dissertação busca ampliar a compreensão acerca de como se processa a trajetória lexical operada entre a língua inglesa norte-americana e as línguas faladas na América do Sul. Dessa forma, constatamos que a incorporação do anglicismo ao vernáculo se dá, em sua maioria, por falta de uma palavra equivalente na língua recebedora e, outras vezes, por motivos diversos, como modismo, status ou corporativismo. Entretanto, essa troca contribui para esses sistemas lingüísticos, pois a língua é uma forma de comunicação mutável, que acompanha e expressa às tendências dos povos. / The present work is designed to identify and assess the integration of Anglicisms occurring in Ibero-American languages by means of print newspapers and their respective online versions. In the first part of the dissertation, we expound theoretical considerations, identifying influences of the excessive, ongoing presence of Anglicisms in Latin-American societies. So as to prepare the research, we examined print and online editions of the following newspapers: Folha de S. Paulo (Brazil), El Mercurio (Chile) and Clarín (Argentina). Words from the English language were researched in the texts of the selected newspapers, excluding proper nouns, names of persons or places, titles of books, films, music and entertainments. Considering lexical absorption as a natural process in language, this dissertation aims to deepen the understanding on how the lexical trajectory between the North-American English language and the languages spoken in South America is processed. As a result, we established that Anglicism incorporation to the vernacular occurs, in most cases, when the borrowing language lacks an equivalent word, and sometimes for other reasons, such as fad, status expression or professional jargon. However, this replacement contributes to these linguistic systems, since language is a changing communication tool, always following and expressing the trends of peoples.

Levanta os estrangeirismos contidos na revista semanal japonesa Shukan Asahi (nº 4825, de 6/7/2007); destaca os estrangeirismos de origem na língua inglesa anglicismos; estuda de modo contextualizado o modo como são utilizados os anglicismos selecionados; levanta características de utilização na língua japonesa: diferença ou não quanto a classe morfológica e carga semântica em relação à língua de origem, modo de adaptação dentro da língua receptora. Discorre sobre a relação da abundância de anglicismos em materiais impressos em língua japonesa e o ensino/aprendizagem de vocábulos na língua japonesa enquanto língua estrangeira. Discorre sobre as razões intrínsecas que levam o indivíduo a utilizar palavras de outras línguas; sobre a relação da língua inglesa com as demais línguas. / Pick up the loanwords from inside the Japanese weekly magazine Shukan Asahi (No. 4825 of 06/07/2007); highlights loanwords from English language anglicism; study through a contextualized way the use of those selected anglicisms; raises anglicisms features of using in the Japanese language: morphological and semantic differences the word is used in the language of origin, methods of adjustment in the receiving language. Discourses the relationship between the abundance of anglicisms in Japanese language printed materials and the teaching/learning words in Japanese as a foreign language. Discuss the intrinsic reason that made the individual motivates to use words from other languages; the relationship among English language and other languages.