Anomalies of the teeth include a variety of expression such as: anodontia, hyperdontia, peg teeth. opalescent dentine, mottled enamel, and other imperfections of the teeth. This paper is concerned primarily with anodontia in human subjects, although other abnormalities of interest are mentioned. Insufficient datum is the principal difficulty encountered in determining the mechanism and means of transmission in human genetics. Small families, slow breeding, and inability to subject humans to experimentation account, in part, for this difficulty. The lack of reliable data is the second major difficulty in determining the mode of transmission. Often normal or unaffected members of a family are forgotten due to insignificance placed on them--thus an untrue pedigree is the result. The fact that one must rely on information from one or two members of a family lends itself to error. Therefore, an absolutely accurate determination of Mendelian ratios in human genetics would be impossible. This error, however, can be reduced by the gathering and compilation of large numbers of family pedigrees from which calculations can be made and results determined which will reveal the mode of transmission of various hereditary traits. With this view in mind, this paper is presented, first, to add several more cases to the literature, and, second, by analysis of the pedigrees to determine the possible modes of transmission of these anomalies.

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Chapter 1 investigates whether acquirer firms structure unpopular M&A transactions so as to avoid a vote by their shareholders. This question touches directly on the broader issue of M&A and agency conflicts, and the paper may partially explain how so many deals get done despite the evidence of limited long-term benefits to acquiring firm shareholders. More specifically, we examine how firms respond to the 20% issuance rule of the major American stock exchanges (NYSE, Nasdaq, and Amex), which requires a bidder shareholder vote on any merger-related issuance that exceeds 20% of the bidder’s shares. We observe a large clustering of share issuance just below this 20% threshold, a pattern that suggests that many bidders prefer to avoid a vote. Among deals for non-public targets, the primary concern seems to be timesaving. Instances in which bidders circumvent a vote in order to intentionally thwart opposition constitute only a small number of cases, although firms also avoid a vote as a precautionary measure when they have high institutional ownership. Finally, we investigate financial and legal mechanisms that companies employ in order to avoid the vote. Chapter 2 proposes a new approach for estimating expected returns on individual stocks returns obtained by applying our method to thirteen asset pricing anomalies generate a wide cross-sectional dispersion of realized returns. Our results provide evidence of strong commonality in asset pricing anomalies. The use of portfolios based on the estimated expected returns as test assets increases the power of asset pricing tests. / Business Administration/Finance

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 141-151) Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-137).

Thesis (M.Sc.) -- Memorial University of Newfoundland. / Typescript. Bibliography : leaves 145-149. Also available online.

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