CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O controle do Ãngulo pitch à uma tÃcnica amplamente usada para controlar a resposta aerodinÃmica de um aerogerador de eixo horizontal (HAWT). Embora o controle do pitch seja encontrado quase que exclusivamente em grandes HAWTs, sua utilizaÃÃo para as pequenas nÃo pode ser desconsiderada, apesar do fato de que os meios eletrÃnicos para essa funÃÃo tendem a aumentar o custo do aerogerador. Este tipo de controle à de grande importÃncia para evitar problemas estruturais ao aerogerador, causado pelas altas velocidades do vento, ou para configurar a taxa de velocidade de ponta da turbina para seu valor de projeto. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de promover um estudo comparativo da influÃncia da variaÃÃo do Ãngulo de pitch no desempenho de um aerogerador de pequeno porte, atravÃs de uma anÃlise comparativa de dados experimentais. Uma pà de raio 1,5m com perfil aerodinÃmico NREL S809 foi projetada a partir dos conceitos baseados na teoria do momento do elemento de pà (BEM), seguindo as premissas de operaÃÃo em velocidade variÃvel, e velocidade especÃfica de projeto igual a 7. Os parÃmetros geomÃtricos de afilamento e torÃÃo foram definidos para construÃÃo da pà que foi usada na montagem de um protÃtipo experimental. O protÃtipo, juntamente com um sistema de aquisiÃÃo de dados, foram utilizados em testes de campo com o intuito de se obter dados experimentais de operaÃÃo em diferentes Ãngulos de pitch. Esses dados foram usados em uma anÃlise estatÃstica comparativa, baseada na anÃlise de variÃncia e no teste de mÃdias, para avaliaÃÃo do desempenho do aerogerador. Resultaram desta anÃlise que: em intervalos de velocidade especÃfica baixos nÃo foram observadas diferenÃas no desempenho do aerogerador; enquanto que nos intervalos de velocidade especÃfica mais prÃximos ao de projeto houve uma diferenÃa estatisticamente significativa entre mÃdias, o que significa do ponto de vista fÃsico, que a variaÃÃo no Ãngulo de pitch afeta o desempenho do aerogerador. Observou-se ainda que o coeficiente de potÃncia para operaÃÃo em Ãngulo de pitch de 30,1Â, mostrou-se maior a baixos valores de velocidade especÃfica, o que demonstra a necessidade de um mecanismo de controle de pitch para operaÃÃo a velocidades de vento e de rotaÃÃes mais baixas.

Dans l’industrie de la verrerie, le laser cladding est une technique de rechargement très innovante permettant de déposer une couche très fine d’un alliage à base de nickel pour protéger les moules (utiles à la fabrication de bouteilles en verre) de la corrosion, de l’abrasion ainsi que de la fatigue thermique. La méthode utilisée ici (fusion de poudre projetée par laser) est très courante en fabrication additive. Cette étude s’intéresse à l’impact du rechargement sur le dépôt et les substrats en Cu-Ni-Al et en fonte GL. L’influence sur la microstructure ainsi que sur le comportement mécanique a pu être étudiée (MEB et microanalyses, dureté, contraintes résiduelles ...). Nous nous sommes focalisés sur l’apparition de défauts tels que le manque d’accroche lors du laser cladding sur du Cu-Ni-Al et sur la possible fissuration lors du rechargement sur de la fonte GL. Le but est bien sûr de s’affranchir de ces défauts. Il a notamment été mis en évidence que le manque d’accroche (cas du Cu-Ni-Al) est lié à la distribution gaussienne de la poudre qui atténue la puissance incidente du laser au niveau du pic de poudre. Le manque d'accroche n'est pas détecté sur le substrat en fonte en raison de sa forte absorptivité et de sa faible conductivité thermique. Néanmoins, des fissures peuvent être observées en raison de contraintes résiduelles thermiques et de la présence d'une zone affectée thermiquement. De plus, l’analyse statistique ANOVA a permis une optimisation des paramètres de rechargement de telle sorte à obtenir une accroche dans toute la section tout en respectant les préconisations géométriques données par les Établissements CHPOLANSKY pour le cordon. / In glass industry, the laser cladding is an innovative surfacing technique allowing to deposit a very thin layer of nickel to protect glass mold (useful for glass bottle production) against corrosion, abrasion and thermal fatigue. This method (powder fusion by projection) is well known in additive manufacturing. The aim of this work is to observe the impact of the laser cladding on the coating behavior but also on the Cu-Ni-Al and flake-graphite cast iron substrates. The microstructure and the mechanical properties were studied (SEM and microanalysis, microhardness, residual stress …) around the interface cladding/substrate. The work was also focused on the defects like lack of bonding but also on cracking behavior during surfacing on cast iron. The purpose was to prevent from those defects. This work showed that the lack of bonding to the Cu-Ni-Al substrate is due to the gaussian distribution of the powder which attenuates the input laser power at its peak. The lack of bonding is not detected on cast iron substrate thanks to its high absorptivity and low thermal conductivity. Nevertheless, cracks can be observed due to thermal residual stresses and the presence of a thermal affected zone. The ANOVA technique allowed us to optimize the processing parameters in order to obtain a perfect bonding and the geometry wanted by CHPOLANSKY Establishments.

This doctoral thesis deals with the kinesiological analysis of the athletic run - sprint. The aim of the thesis is the time characteristics comparison and switching on of the muscles which are working during the sprint before and after the performance of special running exercises. It is becoming much more important to use the special training procedures during training sessions. The special running exercises are performed almost daily during training sessions of sprinters. The question is to what extent their performance is evident on the activation of muscles. The qualitative and quantitative results show the activation of muscles during sprint before and after the performance of the special running exercises. The main tool of the research was the surface EMG analysis of muscles during a 30-metre long sprint. The content of the research were two comparative analysis, where 8 proband participated - interindividual and intraindividual. During the evaluation process we considered the quantitative and qualitative components. On the basic of the reached results we may say that there is no diference between the run before and after the performance of special running exercises. Keywords: Sprint, special running exercises, electromyography, ANOVA

This bachelor’s thesis focuses on the effect of outliers on the one-way analysis of variance and examines whether the estimate in ANOVA is robust and whether the actual test itself is robust from influence of extreme outliers. The robustness of the estimates is examined using the breakdown point while the robustness of the test is examined by simulating the hypothesis test under some extreme situations. This study finds evidence that the estimates in ANOVA are sensitive to outliers, i.e. that the procedure is not robust. Samples with a larger portion of extreme outliers have a higher type-I error probability than the expected level.

Microarray technology provides a quantitative assessment of the number of gene transcripts gene using a high-throughput hybridization assay. Reliable detection of gene expression therefore requires reliable design of probes used in the hybridization assay. It is noted that microarray gene expression measurements are often characterized by variability, even among a series of technical replicate arrays. Therefore, sequence verification, used as a low-level filter to exclude probes exhibiting sequence inaccuracies, has previously been shown to reduce gene expression variability.Building on this work, the effects of sequence- and annotation-based filtering methods were quantified, and shown to be effective in reducing microarray variability among a set of technical replicates. Further, appropriate thresholds for filtering are recommended. A significant interaction in an analysis of variation model was found when a combination of sequence- and annotation-based filtering methods were explanatory factors, suggesting the use of the combination of filtering methods might be most beneficial.

Master of Science / Department of Statistics / James J. Higgins / A simulation study was done to compare the Type I error and power of standard analysis of variance (ANOVA), the aligned rank transform procedure (ART), and the aligned rank transform procedure where alignment is done using medians (ART + Median). The methods were compared in the context of a balanced two-way factorial design with interaction when errors have a normal distribution and outliers are present in the data and when errors have the Cauchy distribution. The simulation results suggest that the nonparametric methods are more outlier-resistant and valid when errors have heavy tails in comparison to ANOVA. The ART + Median method appears to provide greater resistance to outliers and is less affected by heavy-tailed distributions than the ART method and ANOVA.

Interstate highways are one of the most important components of the transportation infrastructure in America. Freeway ramps play an important role in the whole interstate transportation system. This paper researches the traffic flow characteristics of four typical exit ramps in USA, which are tapered one-lane exit, tapered two-lane exit, parallel one-lane exit and parallel two-lane exit. Computer simulation software, such as CORSIM and HCS are applied as the main tools in this research. ANOVA and Tukey are used for statistical purpose. It compares the maximum capacity, average running speed and the total lane change number of those four exit ramps. It is found that no matter in terms of traffic discharging rate or total lane charging number; the tapered two-lane exit has the best operational performance. Tapered one-lane exit ramp has the least capacity. Parallel one-lane exit and parallel two-lane exit have very limited traffic operational difference in terms of capacity and running speed. It is recommended that parallel two-lane exit ramp should not be designed along the freeway if the right of way along arterial road is enough. It is observed from the simulation data that the grade of freeway, truck percentage, restricted to the truck use of certain lane(s) and the location of exit sign have significant impact on the running speed and total lane change number. An uphill can decrease the running speed dramatically while more truck brings more lane change, causing safety concerns. It is found that when trucks are restricted to the right two most lane, there will be less lane change number comparing with trucks are not restricted. Location of exit sign operates well at the distance between 4000 ft to 5000 ft. does have a significant impact on the operational speed and total lane change number before, within or after functional area of an exit, based on the data analysis of simulation runs.

The purpose of this study is to determine if male athletic identity plays a role on romantic relationship satisfaction, so that it can be implemented into couples counseling and work to decrease the divorce rate. Participants completed two measures, the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS; Hendrick, 1988) and the Athlete Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS; Brewer & Cornelius, 2001), administered via a Qualtrics survey. The survey was accessed by Amazon Mechanical Turk participants and it took approximately 10 minutes to administer. Results indicate that there was not a significant difference in relationship satisfaction ratings between low, medium, and high groupings of athletic identity. This research contributes to a small body of research on the impact of athletics on romantic relationships. It can be included into the training of couples’ counselors to provide general information on how men do not perceive any relationship between their athletic identities and their romantic relationships.

The concept of "transnational" education has emerged over the past decade or more as a critical strategy for meeting the growing demand for higher education worldwide. Essentially, transnational higher education allows international providers with outstanding credentials to conduct degree programs at local sites in conjunction with local tertiary institutions. Due to the rapid expansion of transnational programmes and the proliferation of transnational education providers, both governments and parents have, however, raised questions about the quality of education provided through transnational mechanisms. Rapid technological development, coupled with the recent growth of new engineering specialty areas, has led to the development of outcomes-based criteria for engineering education by a range of international engineering professional bodies. The emergence of outcomes-based approaches requires new instruments to measure the success, or otherwise, of engineering programs offered by universities. This study was conducted at a Malaysian private college (pseudonym "Trans College" with the prime purpose of developing an authoritative measurement instrument for evaluating the quality of transnational engineering education. This study generated a theory-based 11-dimension Preliminary Conceptual Framework consisting of four Outcomes dimensions and seven Contributory dimensions for Transnational Engineering Education, and tested the integrity of the theoretical framework through surveys of enrolled students, staff, and representatives of employing agencies. The Preliminary Conceptual Framework was found to have a high degree of conceptual validity, as well as some limitations. The findings of the surveys enabled a Revised Conceptual Framework for Transnational Engineering Education to be developed through reliability test and validated by using confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. The revised framework comprises five Outcomes and eight Contributory dimensions. It has been transposed into a 13-dimension revised survey instrument consisting of 25 Outcomes items clustered into five Outcomes dimensions, and 49 Contributory items clustered into eight Contributory dimensions. The developed survey instrument was then used to study the perceptions of students, staff, and employers regarding the quality of the transnational engineering education. Through performing t-tests, ANOVA, and other statistical analyses, the results of the study indicate that the quality of the transnational engineering education at Trans College was perceived by students, staff, and employers to be generally sound. It was also revealed that the Contributory construct can be adopted for measuring the satisfaction levels of students. Students, staff, and employers were also satisfied for the most part with their respective experiences of the programs in question. The study is believed to have considerable significance. First, it has generated a conceptual framework for measuring the quality of the transnational engineering education. The validated conceptual framework is transposed into a validated instrument that can be adapted for use by a range of other transnational educational providers. Second, it affirms the value of the "transnational" concept while also providing a number of recommendations for the enhancement of such programmes, particularly at Trans College. Third, the conceptual framework for the delivery of successful transnational engineering education derived from this study may help to improve the quality of transnational engineering programmes conducted in Malaysia, and make Malaysia "the centre of educational excellence" in the ASEAN region, with the transnational providers becoming hubs of tertiary education, and their networks spanning the globe.

<p>Version:1.0 StartHTML:0000000178 EndHTML:0000005278 StartFragment:0000002640 EndFragment:0000005242 SourceURL:file://localhost/Volumes/NAMNLOS/Examensarbete%20kortisol.doc</p><p>Föreliggande studie syftar till att försöka utläsa skillnader mellan två olika perioder då den personliga stressfaktorn upplevs vara olika intensiv. Undersökningen syftar även till att studera huruvida den mänskliga kortisolutsöndringens diurnala upp - och ned gångar följer en intraindividuell stabilitet av CAR (cortisol awakening responce). Detta skulle innebära ett upprepande mönster av kortisolkoncentrationens magnitud och mätvärde inom varje individ från dag till dag, vid uppvaknandet och 30 minuter efter.</p><p>Undersökningen har genomförts som en pilotstudie där en försökspersons kortisolkoncentration i saliv har mätts genom enzymkopplad immunabsorberande analys (ELISA). För att jämföra mätserierna inom de olika perioderna med varandra har även en variationsanalys av typen Analysis of variance (ANOVA) utförts med hjälp av programvaran SPSS. Då provernas mätvärde har analyserats och jämförts med varandra har ett resultat kunnat fastställas.</p><p>Eftersom utsöndringen av den individuella kortisolkoncentrationen lätt påverkas av omgivningsfaktorer användes endast en försöksperson, författaren, vilket underlättade en detaljerad analys där observation av påverkande faktorer lätt kunde tas med i beräkningen för att fastställa ett tillförlitligt resultat. Försökspersonen, kvinna 21 år, utförde 6 provtagningar under två perioder som upplevdes ha olika hög stressfaktor. Perioderna innehöll två arbetsdagar. Parallellt med provtagningen fördes noggranna dagboksanteckningar för att underlätta analyseringsarbetet.</p><p>Resultatet uppvisar en intraindividuell stabilitet av CAR hos försökspersonen. Studien visar även en skillnad mellan de två perioderna genom en högre procentuell ökning av CAR under den period då stressfaktorn upplevdes som mer intensiv.</p><p>Den tydliga skillnaden av kortisolkoncentrationens mätvärde mellan de olika dagarna indikerar även att livsstil, fysisk aktivitet och drömmar kan påverka utseendet av kortisolkoncentrationskurvans diurnala upp – och nedgångar.</p>