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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Inibi??o da via PI3K-Akt em gliomas

Fedrigo, Carlos Alexandre 29 May 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:35:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 439149.pdf: 1490829 bytes, checksum: bd616615ee5265db0a960d6f77c8581d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-29 / Glioblastoma multiforme (GMB) is the most malignant and common type of all astrocytic tumours. Current standard treatment for GBM patients involves maximum surgical resection of the tumour, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, usually containing the alkylating agent Temozolomide (TMZ). Despite this aggressive combination therapy, the survival rate of GBM patients is still low. This work consisted in investigating the cytotoxic effects of Akt-inhibition by MK-2206 with irradiation (RT) and TMZ on in vitro human malignant glioma. Seven malignant glioma cell lines were cultured and tested for clonogenic survival, invasion inhibition, tumour spheroid growth and proliferation. The Akt-inhibitor MK-2206 and TMZ were added at different time treatments and in varying doses. Cultures were irradiated with single dose and with fractionated γ-irradiation. Cellular modulation of Akt and p-Akt were assessed by Western blot analysis. MK-2206 reduced the levels of phospho- Akt key protein in the PI3Kinase-Akt pathway, decreased cell survival, and inhibited invasion, proliferation and cell growth. The combination of MK-2206 and RT lead to enhanced inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion, which is not observed with RT alone. The radioenhancing effect of MK-2206 was most striking in inhibition of spheroid volume growth by fractionated RT; the radiosensitizing effect of MK-2206 was stronger than that of TMZ. MK-2206 enhanced the in vitro effects of RT and TMZ in terms of decreased cell survival, invasion, proliferation and growth in malignant glioma. Effects could be ascribed to inhibition of PI3K-Akt pathway / O Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) ? o tipo mais maligno e mais comum de todos tumores astroc?ticos. O tratamento atual para pacientes de GBM envolve m?xima remo??o cir?rgica, seguida de radio e quimioterapia, normalmente com o agente alquilante Temozolamida (TMZ). Apesar da agressividade da terapia combinada, o tempo de sobreviv?ncia dos pacientes ainda ? baixo. Este trabalho procurou investigar os efeitos citot?xicos do inibidor de Akt MK-2206 em combina??o com irradia??o (RT) e TMZ em um painel de c?lulas de gliomas humanos. Sete linhagens de glioma foram cultivadas e testadas em ensaio de sobreviv?ncia clonog?nica, inibi??o de invas?o, e modelos de prolifera??o e crescimento de volume em esfer?ides. O inibidor MK-2206 e TMZ foram adicionados em diferentes tempos de tratamento e diferentes doses. As culturas foram irradiadas com doses ?nicas ou em terapias fracionadas com irradia??o γ. A modula??o celular de Akt e fosfo-Akt foi checada via Western Blot. O composto MK-2206 reduziu a fosforila??o da prote?na chave Akt na via PI3K, diminuindo a sobreviv?ncia celular e inibindo invas?o, prolifera??o e crescimento celular. A combina??o de MK-2206 com RT levou a uma maior inibi??o de invas?o e prolifera??o, o que n?o ? observado somente com a RT. O efeito radiosens?vel de MK-2206 foi ainda maior na inibi??o do volume dos esfer?ides em terapia combinada com RT fracionada, sendo ainda maior do que o efeito combinado com TMZ. MK-2206 aumentou os efeitos in vitro de RT e TMZ em termos de redu??o de sobreviv?ncia celular, invas?o, prolifera??o e crescimento celular em gliomas malignos. Os efeitos podem ser atribu?dos a inibi??o da via PI3KAkt
2

S?ntese e caracteriza??o de novos azoestilben?ides como potenciais agentes antineopl?sicos

Baesso, Juliana Souza Ribeiro 31 July 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-12-01T17:55:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 476504 - Texto Pacial.pdf: 560629 bytes, checksum: 87ce59a68d7f4e868fc301fa05c033ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-01T17:55:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 476504 - Texto Pacial.pdf: 560629 bytes, checksum: 87ce59a68d7f4e868fc301fa05c033ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Melanoma is a malignant tumor that develops anywhere on the skin is 1 to 3% of all malignant neoplasms, and also affects men and women, especially in light skin. The development of melanoma may be associated with excessive sun exposure, sunburn, fair skin, blond or red hair, lots of freckles on their shoulders and backs, family history and presence of actinic keratosis. The chemotherapeutic strategies have been based on the use of dacarbazine and temozolomide. In addition to these monoclonal antibodies are also being used, such as ipilimumab, approved in 2011 for the palliative treatment of patients with metastatic cancer. Many studies are underway to evaluate the anticancer activity of compounds like resveratrol. Resveratrol, 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene (RESV) is a natural phenolic stilbene which has, among the most important properties, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic - inhibiting various cellular events associated with three major stages of carcinogenesis: started, promotion and progression - anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, antifungal and estrogen. Resveratrol analogs were synthesized by modification of substituents on both rings, without altering the double bond between them: one by the fusion of benzene and other two by fusing a heterocyclic ring; these newly synthesized analogues showed anticancer activity, vasodilatory and anti-tyrosinase. In this paper we propose the synthesis of resveratrol analogues in order to evaluate the biological activity of these. The structural change of resveratrol stilbene modified (alternate double bond between the carbons of the double nitrogens) may be a promising strategy to improve the pharmacological parameters. The replacement of hydroxyl groups by methyls and acetyls can increase the molecular stability, so that there is decreasing susceptibility in the reaction phase II conjugation in vivo, significantly potentiate the cytotoxic activity.Assay in cell culture using melanoma line, B16F10, showed that compounds synthesized had IC50 less than resveratrol. In evaluating the IC50 of the compounds synthesized in fibroblasts, 3T3 line, we see that showed higher values than in melanoma strain except Redresv001 compound, suggesting a specificity of the synthesized compounds in these cancer cells. Among the compounds, methylated Redresv003 and acetylated Redresv004 and Redresv005 have greater prominence, because of having antiproliferative activity at lower concentrations, are selective for cancer tested lineage and maintain their activity long period of time (72 hours), suggesting that did not generate resistance in the B16F10 line. For the qualitative analysis of the mechanism of cell death, we find that the Redresv003, Redresv004 and Redresv005 compounds showed differences compared to the control for apoptosis assay and also by autophagy, suggesting no specific target for action based on these assays. / O melanoma ? uma les?o maligna que se desenvolve em qualquer lugar da pele, representa de 1 a 3% de todas as neoplasias malignas e atinge igualmente homens e mulheres, principalmente em peles claras. O desenvolvimento do melanoma pode estar associado ? exposi??o excessiva ao sol, queimaduras solares, pele clara, cabelos loiros ou ruivos, grande quantidade de sardas nos ombros e dorsos, hist?rico familiar e presen?a de ceratose act?nica. As estrat?gias quimioter?picas t?m sido baseadas no uso de dacarbazina e da temozolomida. Al?m desses, anticorpos monoclonais tamb?m est?o sendo utilizados, como o ipilimumabe, aprovado em 2011, para o tratamento paliativo de pacientes com c?ncer metast?tico. Muitos estudos est?o em andamento para avalia??o da atividade antineopl?sica de compostos como o resveratrol. Resveratrol, 3,5,4?-trihidroxi-trans-estilbeno (RESV), ? um estilbeno fen?lico natural que possui, dentre as propriedades mais significativas, a antioxidante, anticarcinog?nica - inibindo diversos eventos celulares associados com os 3 maiores est?gios da carcinog?nese: in?cio, promo??o e progress?o ? anti-inflamat?ria, antiplaquet?ria, antif?ngica e estrog?nica. An?logos do resveratrol foram sintetizados pela modifica??o de substituintes em ambos os an?is, n?o alterando a dupla liga??o entre eles: um pela fus?o de benzeno e outros dois pela fus?o de um anel heteroc?clico; esses an?logos recentemente sintetizados apresentaram atividade antineopl?sica, vasodilatadora e antitirosinase. Nesse trabalho propomos a s?ntese de an?logos do Resveratrol com o intuito de avaliar a atividade biol?gica destes. A altera??o estrutural de estilbeno modificado do resveratrol (substitui??o da liga??o dupla entre carbonos pela dupla entre nitrog?nios) pode ser uma estrat?gia promissora para melhorar os par?metros farmacol?gicos.substitui??o de grupos hidroxilas por metilas e acetilas pode aumentar a estabilidade molecular, fazendo com que haja diminui??o da suscetibilidade na rea??o de conjuga??o de fase II in vivo, al?m de potencializar significativamente a atividade citot?xica. Ensaios em cultura celular utilizando linhagem de melanoma, B16F10, demonstraram que os compostos sintetizados apresentaram IC50 menor que do resveratrol. Ao avaliarmos o IC50 dos compostos sintetizados em fibroblastos, linhagem 3t3, vimos que apresentaram valores maiores que na linhagem de melanoma, exceto o composto Redresv001, sugerindo uma especificidade dos compostos sintetizados nessas c?lulas neopl?sicas. Dentre os compostos, o metilado Redresv003 e os acetilados Redresv004 e Redresv005 apresentam melhores resultados, pelo fato de possu?rem atividade antiproliferativa em menores concentra??es, serem seletivos para a linhagem cancer?gena testada e por manterem sua atividade em longo per?odo de tempo (72 horas), sugerindo que n?o geraram resist?ncia na linhagem B16F10. Pela an?lise qualitativa do mecanismo de morte celular, verificamos que os compostos Redresv003, Redresv004 e Redresv005 apresentaram diferen?a em rela??o ao controle para ensaio de apoptose e tamb?m por autofagia, sugerindo n?o haver alvo espec?fico para a??o com base nesses ensaios.

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