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11	Vliv látek produkovaných sinicemi na koagulaci huminových vod / Influence of compounds produced by cyanobacteria on coagulation of humic waters Brabenec, Tomáš January 2015 (has links) The diploma thesis investigates the coagulation of nature waters with humic substances and peptides/proteins produced by Microcystis aeruginosa during water treatment process with aluminum coagulants. It was confirmed that the efficiency of coagulation mechanism of humic substances and peptides/proteins strongly depends on the pH value, because pH value is limited factor of a charge properties of peptides/proteins, humic substances and hyrolysis products of coagulants. The optimal pH range for the coagulation of humic substances was 5- 6 and for cyanobacterial peptides/proteins 5-6.5. In both cases a charge neutralisation and an adsorption were dominant mechanism of coagulation. Optimal pH range for the coagulation of humic substances in the presence of cyanobacterial peptides/proteins was identical as well as optimal pH range of humic substances with absence of peptides/proteins (5-6) but the presence of peptides/proteins positively influenced particle coagulation of humic substances, because the optimal concentration of the coagulants decreased to more than half. An interaction between humic substances and peptides/proteins was demonstrated. A positive effect of coagulation was observed in the case of jar tests with absence of coagulants at a very low pH range (<4). Keywords Humic substances; AOM...
12	Vliv peptidů a proteinů produkovaných sinicí Microcystis aeruginosa na koagulaci / Influence of peptides/proteins produced by Microcystis aeruginosa on coagulation process Barešová, Magdalena January 2012 (has links) The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze the mechanisms involved in the coagulation of peptides and proteins contained in cellular organic matter produced by Microcystis aeruginosa, and to describe their influence on the coagulation of hydrophobic kaolin suspension. According to the results of jar tests, the coagulation effectiveness and removability of COM peptides/proteins and kaolin particles are heavily dependent on pH value which determines charge characteristics of peptides/proteins, kaolin and hydrolysis products of coagulant and therefore the prevailing mechanisms of interactions between them. Efficient coagulation and the highest removal of COM peptides and proteins were achieved in the pH range of 4-6 due to charge neutralization of peptide/protein negative surface by positively charged hydrolysis products of ferric coagulant. Peptides and proteins contributed to the coagulation of kaolin particles under the reaction conditions mentioned above, too. Charge neutralization and adsorption were found to be the dominant coagulation mechanisms under these conditions. At a low COM/Fe concentration ratio (COM/Fe < 0.33), adsorption of peptides/proteins onto ferric oxide-hydroxide particles, described as the electrostatic patch model, enabled the coagulation in the pH range of 6-8. On the...
13	ADSORPCE ORGANICKÝCH LÁTEK PRODUKOVANÝCH SINICÍ MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA NA AKTIVNÍM UHLÍ / ADSORPTION OF ALGAL ORGANIC MATTER PRODUCED BY MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA ONTO ACTIVATED CARBON Krsová, Magdalena January 2013 (has links) The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the efficiency of two types of granular activated carbon (GAC), Filtrasorb TL 830 and Picabiol 12x40, for the adsorption of cellular peptides with low molecular weight produced by cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa that are hardly removable during the coagulation/flocculation processes. The effect of different carbon properties (surface charge, textural characteristics), peptide properties (molecular size, surface functionality and charge) and solution characteristics (ionic strength and pH value) on the peptide uptake was investigated using laboratory equilibrium and kinetic adsorption experiments. The results showed that adsorption of peptides was influenced by the charge conditions in adsorption system that depend on solution pH. The pH value influences surface charge and the point of zero charge (pHpzc) of GAC as well as dissociation and protonization of peptide functional groups. It was found that efficiency of the peptide adsorption increased with decreasing pH value for both GACs. Under these conditions adsorption was enhanced by attractive electrostatic interactions between GAC surface and peptide functional groups and was also positively influenced by the conformation changes in peptide structure. GAC Picabiol 12x40 showed the total highest...
14	Vliv předoxidace manganistanem draselným na koagulaci neproteinových látek produkovaných řasou Chlorella vulgaris / Influence of preoxidation by potassium permanganate on coagulation of nonproteinaceous compounds produced by alga Chlorella vulgaris Přech, Jiří January 2018 (has links) 6 Abstract: The presence of phytoplankton and its products (AOM) in source water is a current challenge in water treatment processes. The production of AOM increases with anthropogenic eutrophication of ecosystems. AOM impair the water treatment processes and may form harmful disinfection by-products. The traditional water treatment process is a coagulation, which is very efficient in removing phytoplankton cells, but this is not the case when removing some kinds of AOM. Especially its nonproteinaceous fraction with low molecular weight, which can represent majority of total organic carbon, is removed with very low efficiency. The removal of AOM by coagulation can be enhanced by preoxidation. This thesis examines the influence of preoxidation by potassium permanganate of nonproteinaceous fraction of COM of algae Chlorella vulgaris on its coagulation by aluminium sulphate and polyaluminiumchloride. To compare, solutions with nonproteinaceous COM were coagulated with and without preoxidation by five different doses of permanganate (0,025; 0,05; 0,1; 0,15 a 0,2 mg KMnO4 mg-1 DOC). The doses of permanganate and time need for oxidation (30 minutes) were determined by decreased DOC and permanganate during preoxidation experiments. The maximal DOC removals achieved both with and without preoxidation were 17 %...
15	Koagulace neproteinové složky látek produkovaných fytoplanktonem / Coagulation of non-protein algal organic matter Lukeš, Jan January 2017 (has links) The diploma thesis deals with characterizing properties of non-proteinaceous cellular organic matter (COM) of green alga Chlorella vulgaris in connection with its coagulation using aluminium sulphate and polyaluminiumchloride. As a part of this work, interaction mechanisms were also studied. It has been found out that non-proteinaceous COM of Chlorella vulgaris is made up by saccharides (25 % DOCNP, 21 % of dry biomass of non- protein matter) and other unspecified non-protein substances. It has been found out by fractionation of molecular weights that non-protein COM is formed primarily by substances with MW < 3 kDa and substances with MW > 100 kDa. Coagulation by aluminium sulphate taken place in interval pH 5 - 8,5 and coagulation by polyaluminiumchlorid taken place in interval pH 7 - 10 depending on coagulation agent dose. The maximum DOC removals were 17 - 22 % depending on selected coagulation agent, on its dose and pH. Polyaluminiumchloride showed higher DOC removal rates than aluminium sulphate. The highest effectiveness of coagulation was in the area of neutral pH for both agents. In all the coagulation tests the values of residual concentrations of aluminium were higher than the hygienic limit for drinking water (0.2 mg.L-1 ). Primarily high-molecular matter was removed by coagulation and...
16	Charakterizace a eliminace obtížně odstranitelných látek při úpravě vody / Characterisation and elimination of compounds difficult to remove during water treatment Čermáková, Lenka January 2020 (has links) The Ph.D. thesis deals with the characterization of algal organic matter (AOM), which is difficult to remove in water treatment, and on the basis of AOM character, various methods for its elimination, e.g. coagulation, oxidation with subsequent coagulation and adsorption onto activated carbon are assesed. Special emphasis is placed on identifying the optimal conditions of the processes and on describing the mechanisms and interactions involved. In terms of anthropogenic micropollutants, the thesis deals with the highly topical issue of the occurrence of microplastics in water. It was found that the removal efficiency of the individual AOM components varies substantially depending on the elimination method used. The identified optimum conditions of individual methods and especially the mechanisms that apply to the removal of target substances varied widely. The non-proteinaceous fraction of AOM was removed with very low efficiency (max. 25%) by conventional coagulation even under optimized conditions (pH 6.6- 7.5 for aluminium sulfate as the coagulating agent and pH 7.5-9.0 for polyaluminium chloride) and it was given by the high content of low molecular weight (LMW) substances that are difficult to coagulate. The dominant coagulation mechanism was adsorption onto aluminium hydroxide precipitates....
17	Koagulace organických látek produkovaných fytoplanktonem / Coagulation of organic matter produced by phytoplankton Načeradská, Jana January 2014 (has links) This dissertation thesis focuses on the removability of algal organic matter (AOM) by coagulation during water treatment and also on the influence of AOM on the coagulation of other substances present in source water. Special emphasis is put on the description of coagulation mechanisms. The effectiveness of AOM removal by coagulation was investigated by coagulation tests performed with optimized doses of coagulants (aluminium or ferric sulphate) under different pH values. Peptides and proteins contained in cellular organic matter of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa were used in the experiments since they have been previously reported to disturb the coagulation process. Moreover, peptides and proteins underwent coagulation experiments together with kaolin particles, representing clay particles in turbid waters, in both the presence and absence of coagulants to investigate the effect of AOM on the coagulation of turbid waters. To enable the description of coagulation mechanisms, AOM were characterised in terms of charge, functional groups, molecular weight and ability to form dissolved complexes with coagulant metals. The experimental results demonstrated that the removability of peptides and proteins is greatly dependent on pH value and on the properties of the involved particles or molecules....
18	Vliv organických látek produkovaných fytoplanktonem na charakter agregátů tvořených koagulací/flokulací při úpravě vody / The influence of algal organic matter on the character of aggregates formed during the coagulation/flocculation process in drinking water treatment Filipenská, Monika January 2017 (has links) Tato práce se zabývá studiem vlivu kaolinitových ástic (reprezentujících látky tvo ící zákal vody) a peptidové/proteinové složky COM (Cellular Organic Matter) produkovaných sinicí Microcystis aeruginosa na velikost, strukturu a tvar tvo ených agregát v prom nných hydrodynamických podmínkách (gradientu rychlosti) p i úprav vody. Agregace probíhala v Taylor-Couettov reaktoru. Koagulace vybraných typ zne iš ujících p ím sí (kaolinitové ástice, COM peptidy/proteiny a jejich sm s) probíhala pomocí síranu hlinitého a síranu železitého. Vzniklé agregáty byly hodnoceny ve fázi homogenní velikosti (steady state) po 60 min míchání pomocí ukazatel : velikost (polom r) agregát , fraktální dimenze D2 a Dpf a velikostní distribuce. Bylo zjišt no, že velikost agregát je závislá na typu koagula ního inidla, typu koagulované p ím si a aplikovaném gradientu rychlosti. S rostoucím gradientem rychlosti se velikost agregát zmenšuje. Železité koagula ní inidlo produkuje v tší agregáty než hlinité koagula ní inidlo. Podle p ím si roste velikost agregát v po adí kaolinit < COM < kaolinit + COM. Struktura agregát se stává kompaktn jší s gradientem rychlosti. P i použití hlinitého koagula ního inidla vznikají ve srovnání s inidlem železitým kompaktn jší agregáty (mají vyšší hodnotu D2). Kompaktnost agregát klesá v po adí...
19	Adsorpce nízkomolekulární složky organických látek produkovaných fytoplanktonem na aktivním uhlí při úpravě vody / Adsorption of low molecular weight algal organic matter onto activated carbon during water treatment Fialová, Kateřina January 2019 (has links) This diploma thesis deals with the study of adsorption of low-molecular components of organic substances produced by phytoplankton - AOM (Algal Organic Matter) on AC (Activated Carbon) during drinking water treatment. For the experimental purpose in this thesis, there were used selected amino acids as low molecular substances of AOM that are difficult to remove by conventional water treatment process by coagulation. As adsorbent, there was used a detailed characterized of granulated activated carbon (GAC) - Filtrasorb TL 830 (FTL830) which is intended directly for the purpose of water treatment. There were realizing the equilibrium batch adsorption experiments with three different model amino acids - arginine (Arg), phenylalanine (Phe) and aspartic acid (Asp). There was investigated the efficiency of removing amino acid depending on the solution temperature and pH. Results of the adsorption experiments have shown that the temperature affects the adsorption efficiency. Adsorption is essentially described as an exothermic process but the adsorption of Arg and Phe from an aqueous solution to GAC occurs more efficiently at higher temperatures. It means that the adsorption is the endothermic process. In the case of Arg adsorption, the temperature was found to influence adsorption efficiency less than...
20	Development of an API for creating and editing openEHR archetypes Klasson, Filip, Väyrynen, Patrik January 2009 (has links) <p>Archetypes are used to standardize a way of creating, presenting and distributing health care data. In this master thesis project the open specifications of openEHR was followed. The objective of this master thesis project has been to develop a Java based API for creating and editing openEHR archetypes. The API is a programming toolbox that can be used when developing archetype editors. Another purpose has been to implement validation functionality for archetypes. An important aspect is that the functionality of the API is well documented, this is important to ease the understanding of the system for future developers. The result was a Java based API that is a platform for future archetype editors. The API-kernel has optional immutability so developed archetypes can be locked for modification by making them immutable. The API is compatible with the openEHR specifications 1.0.1, it can load and save archetypes in ADL (Archetype Definition Language) format. There is also a validation feature that verifies that the archetype follows the right structure with respect to predefined reference models. This master thesis report also presents a basic GUI proposal.</p> openEHR archetype archetypes API validation immutability mutability mutable immutable ADL AOM LinkEHR AM IM RM dADL cADL Information technology Informationsteknik Bioinformatics Bioinformatik Computer engineering Datorteknik Software engineering Programvaruteknik

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