Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:19:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreaLO.pdf: 448824 bytes, checksum: 4a360d0db40a607834f5c380870bc7f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The genome of all organisms is subject to injuries that can be caused by endogenous and environmental factors. If these lesions are not corrected, it can be fixed generating a mutation which can be lethal to the organisms. In order to prevent this, there are different DNA repair mechanisms. These mechanisms are well known in bacteria, yeast, human, but not in plants. Two plant models Oriza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana had the genome sequenced and due to this some DNA repair genes have been characterized. The aim of this work is to characterized two sugarcane cDNAs that had homology to AP endonuclease: scARP1 and scARP3. In silico has been done with these two sequences and other from plants. It has been observed domain conservation on these sequences, but the cystein at 65 position that is a characteristic from the redox domain in APE1 protein was not so conservated in plants. Phylogenetic relationship showed two branches, one branch with dicots and monocots sequence and the other branch with only monocots sequences. Another approach in order to characterized these two cDNAs was to construct overexpression cassettes (sense and antisense orientation) using the 35S promoter. After that, these cassettes were transferred to the binary vector pPZP211. Furthermore, previously in the laboratory was obtained a plant from nicotiana tabacum containing the overexpression cassette in anti-sense orientation. It has been observed that this plant had a slow development and problems in setting seeds. After some manual crossing, some seeds were obtained (T2) and it was analyzed the T2 segregation. The third approach used in this work was to clone the promoter region from these two cDNAs by PCR walking. The sequences obtained were analyzed using the program PLANTCARE. It was observed in these sequences some motives that may be related to oxidative stress response / O genoma de todos os organismos est? sujeitos a les?es que podem ser causados por fatores end?genos e ambientais. Uma vez no genoma, as les?es podem levar a forma??o e ac?mulo de muta??es, as quais podem ser prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento do organismo. As vias de reparo de DNA s?o um mecanismo que permite o organismo detectar e corrigir essas les?es ou minimizar seus efeitos. V?rias vias de reparo de DNA s?o conhecidas e bem caracterizadas em animais e microorganismos. Em plantas, as vias de reparo ainda n?o s?o bem caracterizadas, mas muitas pesquisas t?m revelado a participa??o de todas as vias conhecidas no reparo do genoma das plantas, sendo os modelos mais estudados Arabidopsis thaliana e Oriza sativa. A via de reparo de interesse deste trabalho ? a via de BER, a qual apresenta v?rias prote?nas atuando no reparo do DNA. Por?m, a classe de prote?nas da via BER focadas s?o as AP endonucleases, respons?veis pela hidr?lise do s?tio AP. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar dois cDNAs de cana-de-a??car: scARP1 e scARP3, hom?logos a AP endonucleases de A.thaliana e identificados num trabalho de data-mining do projeto SUCEST. Para tanto, foram constru?dos cassetes de super-express?o, contendo o cDNA scARP1 sob o controle do promotor forte 35S. Al?m disso, anteriormente no laborat?rio foi obtido uma planta de icotiana tabacum contendo o cassete de super-express?o (35S+scARP1) em orienta??o anti-senso. Foi analisado o desenvolvimento desta planta, e foram obtidas tamb?m algumas sementes (T2) desta planta. Estas sementes foram germinadas e analisadas quanto ? presen?a do cassete de super-express?o e desenvolvimento. Al?m disso, para estes dois genes foram clonados as regi?es promotoras por PCR walking. Os fragmentos obtidos foram clonados, sequenciados e, analisados por meio do programa PLANTCARE. Os motivos encontrados nessas regi?es dos genes de cana-de-a??car foram comparados com potenciais regi?es promotoras das plantas de Arabidopis, O. sativa e S. bicolor. Estas an?lises mostraram a presen?a de diferentes motivos relacionados ? respostas ao estresse oxidativo

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Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Les sites apuriniques/apyrimidinique (AP) représentent une forme de dommage à l’ADN hautement mutagène et ce type de dommage peut survenir spontanément ou être induit par une variété d’agents. Afin de préserver la stabilité génomique, deux familles d’endonucléases de type AP, endo-IV et exo-III, sont nécessaires pour contrecarrer les effets mutagènes des sites AP. Malgré l’identification de membres des deux familles dans plusieurs organismes unicellulaire tels que E.coli et S. cerevisiae, aucun membre de la famille endo-IV n’a été identifié chez les organismes multicellulaires à l’exception de C. elegans et de C. briggsae. Nous avons donc décidé d’investiguer l’importance biologique de APN-1 chez C. elegans par l’utilisation d’une approche de knockdown du gène. Dans notre étude, nous avons montré que le knockdown du gène apn-1 chez C. elegans, en utilisant des ARN d’interférence (ARNi), cause une accumulation de mutations spontanées et induites par des drogues résultant en un délai de l’éclosion des œufs ainsi que par une diminution de la survie et de la longévité des vers adultes. De plus, nous avons montré que cette accumulation de mutations mène à un délai dans la progression du cycle cellulaire durant l’embryogénèse, représentant possiblement une explication du délai dans l’éclosion des œufs. Nous avons montré qu’il y avait une augmentation du niveau de mutations dans la gorge des vers, sans toutefois pouvoir confirmer la distribution de APN-1 qui possède une étiquette GFP. Les animaux transgéniques APN-1-GFP n’exprimaient pas suffisamment de la protéine de fusion pour permettre une visualisation à l’aide d’un microscope à fluorescence, mais la protéine a été détectée par immunobuvardage de type western. Les animaux transgéniques APN-1-GFP étaient instables et avaient des phénotypes concordants avec les défauts génétiques. En conclusion, il semble que C. elegans aie évolué afin de retenir un niveau de base de APN-1 jouant ainsi un rôle versatile afin de maintenir l’intégrité génétique d’autant plus que cet organisme semble manquer plusieurs enzymes de la voie de réparation par excision de base. / Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are a form of highly mutagenic DNA damage that arise either spontaneously or by a variety of DNA damaging agents. To preserve genomic stability two AP endonuclease families, endo-IV and exo-III, evolved to counteract the mutagenic effect of AP sites. While members of both families were identified in multiple unicellular organisms, notably E. coli and S. cerevisiae, no members of the endo-IV family were identified in multicellular ones, with the exception of C. elegans and its close relatives, particularly C. briggsae. We set out to investigate the biological importance of APN-1 in C. elegans using gene knockdown approach. In our study, we showed that the knockdown of C. elegans apn-1 gene, using RNAi causes the accumulation of spontaneous and drug induced mutations, resulting in a delay in egg hatching, decreased survival and longevity. Furthermore, we have showed that the accumulated mutations lead to delays in cell cycle progression during early embryogenesis, thus providing a possible explanation for the observed delay in hatching. Although we showed increased mutations in the gut of the worm, we were unable to confirm APN-1 distribution tagged with GFP. The transgenic APN-1-GFP animal did not express enough of this fusion protein to be visualized by fluorescent microscopy, although it was detected by Western blot analysis. The transgenic animals over-expressing APN-1-GFP were unstable and showed phenotypes consistent with genetic defects. In conclusion, it would seem that C. elegans has evolved to retain a balanced level of APN-1, which plays a versatile role in maintaining genetic integrity, since this organism lacks a full complement of the enzymes in the base-excision repair pathway.

Les sites apuriniques/apyrimidinique (AP) représentent une forme de dommage à l’ADN hautement mutagène et ce type de dommage peut survenir spontanément ou être induit par une variété d’agents. Afin de préserver la stabilité génomique, deux familles d’endonucléases de type AP, endo-IV et exo-III, sont nécessaires pour contrecarrer les effets mutagènes des sites AP. Malgré l’identification de membres des deux familles dans plusieurs organismes unicellulaire tels que E.coli et S. cerevisiae, aucun membre de la famille endo-IV n’a été identifié chez les organismes multicellulaires à l’exception de C. elegans et de C. briggsae. Nous avons donc décidé d’investiguer l’importance biologique de APN-1 chez C. elegans par l’utilisation d’une approche de knockdown du gène. Dans notre étude, nous avons montré que le knockdown du gène apn-1 chez C. elegans, en utilisant des ARN d’interférence (ARNi), cause une accumulation de mutations spontanées et induites par des drogues résultant en un délai de l’éclosion des œufs ainsi que par une diminution de la survie et de la longévité des vers adultes. De plus, nous avons montré que cette accumulation de mutations mène à un délai dans la progression du cycle cellulaire durant l’embryogénèse, représentant possiblement une explication du délai dans l’éclosion des œufs. Nous avons montré qu’il y avait une augmentation du niveau de mutations dans la gorge des vers, sans toutefois pouvoir confirmer la distribution de APN-1 qui possède une étiquette GFP. Les animaux transgéniques APN-1-GFP n’exprimaient pas suffisamment de la protéine de fusion pour permettre une visualisation à l’aide d’un microscope à fluorescence, mais la protéine a été détectée par immunobuvardage de type western. Les animaux transgéniques APN-1-GFP étaient instables et avaient des phénotypes concordants avec les défauts génétiques. En conclusion, il semble que C. elegans aie évolué afin de retenir un niveau de base de APN-1 jouant ainsi un rôle versatile afin de maintenir l’intégrité génétique d’autant plus que cet organisme semble manquer plusieurs enzymes de la voie de réparation par excision de base. / Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are a form of highly mutagenic DNA damage that arise either spontaneously or by a variety of DNA damaging agents. To preserve genomic stability two AP endonuclease families, endo-IV and exo-III, evolved to counteract the mutagenic effect of AP sites. While members of both families were identified in multiple unicellular organisms, notably E. coli and S. cerevisiae, no members of the endo-IV family were identified in multicellular ones, with the exception of C. elegans and its close relatives, particularly C. briggsae. We set out to investigate the biological importance of APN-1 in C. elegans using gene knockdown approach. In our study, we showed that the knockdown of C. elegans apn-1 gene, using RNAi causes the accumulation of spontaneous and drug induced mutations, resulting in a delay in egg hatching, decreased survival and longevity. Furthermore, we have showed that the accumulated mutations lead to delays in cell cycle progression during early embryogenesis, thus providing a possible explanation for the observed delay in hatching. Although we showed increased mutations in the gut of the worm, we were unable to confirm APN-1 distribution tagged with GFP. The transgenic APN-1-GFP animal did not express enough of this fusion protein to be visualized by fluorescent microscopy, although it was detected by Western blot analysis. The transgenic animals over-expressing APN-1-GFP were unstable and showed phenotypes consistent with genetic defects. In conclusion, it would seem that C. elegans has evolved to retain a balanced level of APN-1, which plays a versatile role in maintaining genetic integrity, since this organism lacks a full complement of the enzymes in the base-excision repair pathway.