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<p>Peter Berger's commitment to religious values is remarkable if you consider that he is also committed to the "impossible struggle" for "valuefree research concerning mankind's ultimate values." Against "heartless observers" or technocrats, Berger argues (using sociology of knowledge,) that it is impossible to divorce oneself from the Lebenswelt, the world of values. Against ideologues on the other hand, he contends that one"s engagement to personal values need not prevent one from attempting to understand the world objectively. Against technocrats and ideologues Berger holds out an approach to religion which calls for the practice of "dual-citizenship." This approach enables one to be academically credible and responsive to the political, religious and scientific concerns of our epoch.</p> <p>My thesis centers on Berger's dual-citizenship approach to religion. Guided by the task of determining whether Berger's dual-citizenship constitutes an ''impossible struggle" or a workable model for the study of religion, the first part is devoted to explaining what dual-citizenship entails. The second part tests the coherence of Berger's approach. Rather than proposing a new method for the study of religion, my thesis has the more modest aim of unpacking and testing an already established approach in the field, namaly that of Peter Berger. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No abstract provided / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

<p> DER, the Drosophila Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (DEgfr) is the only known fly orthologue of vertebrate Neu/ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase family. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) like DER and ErbB2 play an important role in regulating cell differentiation, cell proliferation and cell survival in metazoan animals. Neu/ErbB2 is over-expressed in 20-30% human breast cancers, which correlates with poor clinical prognosis in cancer patients. </p> <p> Our previous studies showed that rat-NeriJErbB2 could successfully signal in vivo using Drosophila adaptor and second messenger molecules. Here we regenerated the transgenic fly lines with various neu add-back alleles. We further re-established mis-expression phenotypes in various adult structures such as wings and eyes, the tissues known to require DEgfr signaling. By using genetic approach, we have demonstrated that the tyrosine residue at the 1028 site (NeuYA), might have an inhibitory role in RTK signaling. In addition we have already generated a number of double add-back neu alleles where tyrosine site at the 1028 site (neuYA) was added back to another Neu allele and made neuYAB, neuYAc neuYAD and neuYAE. Transgenic flies with these alleles will be generated to further study the inhibitory role of Neu^YA. </p> <p> Finally, our on going large-scale genetic screening is likely to reveal the component(s) of NeuYE (Y1253) pathway that does not utilize the function of Ras. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

<p> A unique approach for the modeling of phase noise is examined in this thesis. In previous work regarding phase noise theory, the memory property of phase is virtually ignored. The thesis introduces the Discrete Recursive Procedure (DRP): a systematic approach or methodology to predict phase noise using a discrete recursive algorithm taking into account the memory property of phase. This discrete recursive algorithm is a general extension of the Linear Time Varying (LTV) model and is referred to as the NonLinear Time Varying (NLTV) model. </p> <p> Simulations are performed using the DRP method. Phase fluctuation comparisons are made between the LTV and the NLTV models for an ideal oscillator. The simulation results show that the NLTV model taking into account the memory property of phase makes more realistic phase noise predictions than the LTV model for asymmetrical Impulse Sensitivity Function (ISF) cases. Phase noise simulation results using the NLTV model are given for a modified 810-MHz CMOS cross-coupled LC oscillator design. At 90kHz offset, the simulation prediction (-89 dBc/Hz) and the measurement readings (-93 dBc/Hz) are closely matched with a difference of approximately 4 dBc/Hz while the CAD simulation prediction ( -101. 8) has a difference of 9 dBc/Hz from the measurements. In the phase noise simulation for the 62-MHz BIT Colpitts oscillator design, the NLTV model predicts a -26 dBc/decade and -19.5 dBc/decade for the flicker noise and thermal noise regions in accordance with the theoretical -30 dBc/decade and -20 dBc/decade slopes. </p> / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

<p> Although most muscle spindle investigations have used the cat model and mvasiVe surgical measurement techniques, several investigators have used microneurography to record from the Ia and II fibres in humans during tendon vibration. In these studies the muscle spindle primary (Ia) endings are stimulated using transverse vibration of the tendon at reflex sub-threshold amplitudes. Others have used low amplitude vibration and the H-reflex (monosynaptic electrical response) to determine reflex properties during both agonist and antagonist voluntary contractions. Both of these methods explore only certain parts of the monosynaptic reflex arc; microneurography focus on the properties and firing characteristics of the muscle spindles themselves, whereas the H-reflex response to vibration is a representation of the response of the spinal cord as well as the muscle spindles. </p> <p> In the past we have developed a PC based instrument that uses Lab VIEW and a linear servomotor to study tendon reflex properties by recording H-reflexes (or stretch reflexes for mechanical stimuli) from single tendon taps or electrical stimuli to the afferent nerve. In this thesis we describe a further development of this system to provide precise vibrations of the tendon at up to 55 Hz with amplitudes up to 4 mm. The resultant vibration stretch reflex train is extracted from 2 major background noise sources, 60 Hz power line noise, and vibration artifact noise, of the EMG recording via phase coherent subtractive filtering. </p> <p> To demonstrate the versatility and efficacy of this system in studying the monosynaptic reflex arc, test results from several pilot studies are presented, using the system to vibrate the human distal flexor carpi radialis tendon: (i) whether stretch reflexes could be entrained with high frequency vibration, as contrary to H-reflexes, (ii) whether the responses were affected by low levels of agonist or antagonist contraction, in agreement with the existing pool of work on the subject using the H-reflex, (iii) whether a separation of the Ia (primary) and II (secondary) ending pathways is observable as individual but delayed responses at low vibration frequencies due to different activation characteristics, and axon diameters, of each ending. Possible physiological mechanisms that explain the resultant behaviour are also discussed. </p> / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Budgetary restraints have forced a re-evaluation of expenditures for health care. regardless of the methods of delivery and financing. Efficiency in resource allocation implies production of an optimal output mix at minimum opportunity cost. Inefficiencies in resource allocation will result in higher costs. It is often argued that the fee-for-service reimbursement method, in particular, provides incentives for over-servicing, with elective surgery receiving most attention since international and intranational variations were out of line with variations in morbidity. Although the initial concern of physicians was with the clinical risks of unnecessary surgery. concern with the rising costs of providing health care has turned attention to financial factors as possible explanations of the variations in elective surgical procedures. The physician plays a key role in the allocation of resources in the health care sector. It is, therefore, likely that the aggregate output mix of different services will be responsive to the differential relative benefit rates received by physicians, with a bias in favour of the more expensive procedures and the consequent higher costs for the system as a whole. The physician's key role is emphasized in this study with the emphasis on supplier incentives and the inherent multiproduct nature of health care output. Economic theory predicts a movement along the production possibility frontier in output space in response to relative price changes. Econometric estimation of multiproduct production relations has been facilitated by the application of duality theory and the development of flexible functional forms. Duality theory establishes that the parameters of the production function can be represented equally well by the corresponding dual profit or cost function. Flexible functional forms for the profit function permit derivation of supply equations with relative prices as independent variables. Four elective surgical procedures were selected in order to estimate the aggregate substitution in production by physicians. With pooled cross-section and time series data for Canada for the period 1973 to 1981, the supply equations were estimated as a system, using the SURE estimation technique. Supply elasticities for price changes and changes in the key fixed factors were calculated. While emphasis was on the price response, the functional form incorporated the constraints imposed by the availability of hospital beds and surgical specialists. Evidence was found in support of the view that physicians allocate their time partly in response to changes in the prices of elective procedures relative to other procedures. With global budget constraints imposed on hospital expenditures, the four procedures, being elective, might possibly be given lower priority. Also, the estimated coefficients for the lagged dependent variables suggest that an inertia model of adjustment applies. Although incentives may exist in the fee structure to substitute toward the more expensive procedures, the results suggest that, at least for the period of the study. substitution was not on the basis of price alone. and that resource constraints. as proxied jointly by the number of hospital beds and surgical specialists, play a greater role in determining aggregate output. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This study deals with the private schools of English Canada with a special emphasis on Upper Canada and later Ontario. Its approach is macrosociological: it covers three hundred years of schooling in Canada and compares private schools in Canada with school systems in one hundred and fifty-three societies. Various sociological models are used during the course of the study and at the conclusion the private schooling principle is connected to general sociological theory. Chapter One discusses the relationship between mass schooling and modernizaticn. Drawing on the ideas of Durkheim and Weber a developmental model of the rise of state schooling is presented. It is suggested that in modern societies private schools result from the strains of social differentiation; this yields two kinds of private schools: schools of privilege and schools of protest. Chapter Two includes an international survey of private schools; this helps to place the private schools of Canada in a comparative perspective. The survey revealed that communist and communist-inc.lined societies have abolished private schools. In non--communist societies the amount of private schooling is variable and shows no clear relationship to the degree of industrialization. From the comparative data a typology of scliool systems is developed. Further analysis shows that private schooling in English Canada is relatively small; only Norway and Sweden among modern industrial non-communist societies have smaller private school enrolments. Chapter Three covers the first four stages of the developmental model in an account of the rise of state schooling in the ten school systems of Canada. In a more detailed treatment of Upper Canada (later Ontario) it was possible to explore a conflict model of educational change presented by Scotford-Archer and Vaughan (1968). The conflict model was found to be inappropridte for the Canadian experience. The account of schooling in Newfoundland also indicated that the developmental model also required further modifications. Changes in the patterns of private schooling in nineteenth-century Ontario were discussed. Chapter Four deals with the two types of private schools. The schools of privilege are examined from a national point of view since they play an important role in the formation of the English Canadian elite. The Social characteristics of private elite schools are presented in a national survey of private school enrolment. In discussing the second type of school, the schools of protest, the study confines itself to the contemporary private schools of Ontario. The private schools run by the Roman Catholics, Reformed Church members, Mennonites and secular groups are described. Chapter Five turns to the problem of the contribution of schools tothe economy. Since state schooling seems not to be a necessary feature of industrialization a diffusionist account of the spread of state schooling is given. Private schooling is discussed in connection with two important sociological approaches: normative functionalism and conflict theory. An account of private schooling and the formation of communities shows the limitations of both these theories. Modern critics of state schooling are mentioned, included in some of their proposals is the suggesstion that more private schools should be opened. Finally there is a concluding section with suggestions for further research in the area. A lengthy appendix is attached which provides technical information, data and further comment on problems raised in the text; this appendix is intended for future researchers in the field. / This study deals with the private schools of English Canada with a special emphasis on Upper Canada and later Ontario. Its approach is macrosociological: it covers three hundred years of schooling in Canada and compares private schools in Canada with school systems in one hundred and fifty-three societies. Various sociological models are used during the course of the study and at the conclusion the private schooling principle is connected to general sociological theory. Chapter One discusses the relationship between mass schooling and modernizaticn. Drawing on the ideas of Durkheim and Weber a developmental model of the rise of state schooling is presented. It is suggested that in modern societies private schools result from the strains of social differentiation; this yields two kinds of private schools: schools of privilege and schools of protest. Chapter Two includes an international survey of private schools; this helps to place the private schools of Canada in a comparative perspective. The survey revealed that communist and communist-inc.lined societies have abolished private schools. In non--communist societies the amount of private schooling is variable and shows no clear relationship to the degree of industrialization. From the comparative data a typology of scliool systems is developed. Further analysis shows that private schooling in English Canada is relatively small; only Norway and Sweden among modern industrial non-communist societies have smaller private school enrolments. Chapter Three covers the first four stages of the developmental model in an account of the rise of state schooling in the ten school systems of Canada. In a more detailed treatment of Upper Canada (later Ontario) it was possible to explore a conflict model of educational change presented by Scotford-Archer and Vaughan (1968). The conflict model was found to be inappropridte for the Canadian experience. The account of schooling in Newfoundland also indicated that the developmental model also required further modifications. Changes in the patterns of private schooling in nineteenth-century Ontario were discussed. Chapter Four deals with the two types of private schools. The schools of privilege are examined from a national point of view since they play an important role in the formation of the English Canadian elite. The Social characteristics of private elite schools are presented in a national survey of private school enrolment. In discussing the second type of school, the schools of protest, the study confines itself to the contemporary private schools of Ontario. The private schools run by the Roman Catholics, Reformed Church members, Mennonites and secular groups are described. Chapter Five turns to the problem of the contribution of schools tothe economy. Since state schooling seems not to be a necessary feature of industrialization a diffusionist account of the spread of state schooling is given. Private schooling is discussed in connection with two important sociological approaches: normative functionalism and conflict theory. An account of private schooling and the formation of communities shows the limitations of both these theories. Modern critics of state schooling are mentioned, included in some of their proposals is the suggesstion that more private schools should be opened. Finally there is a concluding section with suggestions for further research in the area. A lengthy appendix is attached which provides technical information, data and further comment on problems raised in the text; this appendix is intended for future researchers in the field. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Yes / This paper proposes the application of a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) for scheduling storage tanks. The proposed approach integrates GAs and heuristic rule-based techniques, decomposing the complex mixed-integer optimization problem into integer and real-number subproblems. The GA string considers the integer problem and the heuristic approach solves the real-number problems within the GA framework. The algorithm is demonstrated for three test scenarios of a water treatment facility at a port and has been found to be robust and to give a significantly better schedule than those generated using a random search and a heuristic-based approach.

The exact controllability problems for systems modeled by linear parabolic differential equations and the Burger's equations are considered. A condition on the exact controllability of linear parabolic equations is obtained using the optimal control approach. We also prove that the exact control is the limit of appropriate optimal controls. A numerical scheme of computing exact controls for linear parabolic equations is constructed based on this result. To obtain numerical approximation of the exact control for the Burger's equation, we first construct another numerical scheme of computing exact controls for linear parabolic equations by reducing the problem to a hypoelliptic equation problem. A numerical scheme for the exact zero control of the Burger's equation is then constructed, based on the simple iteration of the corresponding linearized problem. The efficiency of the computational methods are illustrated by a variety of numerical experiments. / Ph. D.