Le traitement antiplaquettaire à l’aspirine (ASA) est moins efficace chez certains patients coronariens, ce qui augmente leur risque de développer une thrombose. Des taux sanguins élevés de médiateurs thrombo-inflammatoires, tels que le sCD40L, peuvent expliquer de telles variabilités. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que, en présence de taux élevés de sCD40L, l’efficacité de l’ASA peut être réduite. Ainsi, nous avons viser à déterminer les effets de l’ASA sur la signalisation et l’agrégation des plaquettes en présence de sCD40L. Les effets de l'ASA sur les plaquettes humaines traitées par le sCD40L, en réponse à des concentrations sub-optimales de collagène ou de thrombine, ont été évalués sur l'agrégation, la sécrétion de thromboxane A2 (TxA2) et la phosphorylation de la p38- « Mitogen-activated protein kinase » (MAPK), le facteur nucléaire-κB (NF-κB), la kinase activée par le TGF-β 1 (TAK-1) et la chaîne légère de la myosine (MLC). Le sCD40L a significativement augmenté la sécrétion de TxA2 dans les plaquettes, en réponse à des doses sub-optimales de collagène et de thrombine, ce qui a été inversé par l'ASA. L'ASA n'a pas inhibé la phosphorylation de p38-MAPK, NF-KB, TAK-1, que ce soit avec une stimulation par le sCD40L seul ou en présence des agonistes plaquettaires. Cependant, Le sCD40L a potentialisé l'agrégation plaquettaire, un effet complètement inversé et partiellement réduit par l'ASA en réponse au collagène et à la thrombine, respectivement. Les effets de l'ASA sur les plaquettes traitées par le sCD40L et stimulées par le collagène étaient liés à l'inhibition du changement de forme des plaquettes et la phosphorylation de la MLC. L'ASA n'affecte pas la signalisation du sCD40L dans les plaquettes, mais empêche son effet sur la sécrétion de TXA2 et l'agrégation plaquettaire en réponse au collagène, via un mécanisme impliquant l'inhibition de la MLC. Le ciblage de l'axe sCD40L dans les plaquettes peut avoir un potentiel thérapeutique chez les patients, présentant des taux élevés de sCD40L, qui ne répondent pas ou moins à l'ASA. / Antiplatelet therapy with Aspirin (ASA) is less efficient in some coronary patients, which increases their risk of developing thrombosis. Elevated blood levels of thrombo-inflammatory mediators, like sCD40L, may explain such variabilities. We hypothesized that in the presence of elevated levels of sCD40L, the efficacy of ASA may be reduced. Accordingly, this study was designed to determine the effects of ASA on sCD40L signalling and aggregation of platelets. The effects of ASA on sCD40L-treated human platelets, in response to suboptimal concentrations of collagen or thrombin, were assessed on aggregation, thromboxane A2 (TxA2) secretion, and phosphorylation of p38-MAPK, NF-κB, TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK-1), and myosin light chain (MLC). sCD40L significantly elevated TxA2 secretion in platelets, in response to suboptimal doses of collagen and thrombin, which was reversed by ASA. ASA did not inhibit phosphorylation of p38-MAPK, NF-κB, TAK-1, either with sCD40L stimulation alone or with platelet agonists. However, sCD40L potentiated platelet aggregation, an effect completely reversed and partially reduced by ASA in response to collagen and thrombin, respectively. The effects of ASA in sCD40L-treated platelets with collagen were related to inhibition of platelet shape change and MLC phosphorylation. ASA does not affect platelet sCD40L signalling, but prevents its effect on TXA2 secretion and platelet aggregation in response to collagen, via a mechanism implying inhibition of MLC. Targeting sCD40L axis in platelets may have therapeutic potential in patients with elevated levels of sCD40L that are none or less responding to ASA.

The objective of this diploma thesis was to determine the influence of the application of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in the peritoneal cavity on the initiation and course of the inflammatory reaction. For these purposes, the rat was chosen as the model animal on which the model of intraperitoneal lavage was applied. The rat’s peritoneal cavity is easily accessible and reflects the functions and reactions of the immune system. For the purposes of the experiment, the rats were divided into 3 groups; in the first group, the peritoneal cavity was assessed in its physiological condition, without any prior application of the substance. PBS was applied to the second group of rats, and the evaluation of the absolute numbers of cells followed after 4 and 24 hours using the Bürker counting chamber and optical microscopy. In the last group, mesalazine was applied, the exposure of which was 4 hours for one half of the group and 24 hours for the other. These time intervals were followed by the evaluation of the absolute number of cells. In order to determine the differential numbers of cells for all the samples, the coated glasses were coloured and evaluated. The greatest statistically relevant difference was identified in the case of the neutrophil population, where the neutrophil share increased from 0-5 % in the intact cavity to up to 35 % in the cavity after the PBS application. Out of all the experimental groups, the population of lymphocytes was relatively stable; the share of macrophages was, statistically, considerably lower for the groups after the mesalazine application. These results indicate that the application of PBS as an inert substance did not cause such a major reaction regarding the influx of neutrophils as the application of 5-ASA.

Syftet med rapporten är att redovisa en studie där val av utskrivningsmetod samt passande material inom additiv tillverkning ska motiveras, för att tillverka kalibreringsformar till Bucher Emhart glass glasmaskiner. Målet med studien är att tillverka kalibreringsformarna som väger mindre än stålformarna som används idag i glasmaskinerna, detta för att minska arbetsbelastningen på personalen. Stålformarna väger ca 9kg i dagsläget. För att utesluta material och utskriftmetoder användes i första steget kravspecifikationen, och sedan användes pughs matris för att väga de material och utskrivningsmetoder som klarar kraven som ställs. För att validera materialen gjordes även en FEM analys samt en analytisk beräkning på spänningarna. Utifrån Pughs matrisen kunde det konstateras att med den data som givits att en FDM skrivare med ASA som material är mest lämpat för detta projekt. Med denna 3D-skrivare och tillhörande material fick en formhalva en vikt på ca 700g, vilket minskar avsevärt vikten som måste lyftas och således minskar arbetsbelastningen hos arbetarna.

No description available.

This dissertation explores the connection between founder personality and organizational culture in founder-led entrepreneurial companies. With a focus on how founder personality affects culture, it draws from the literature in upper echelon/top management teams, family business and organizational psychology – notably the Attraction-Selection-Attrition (ASA: Schneider, 1987) and Person-Organization fit (P-O: O'Reilly, Chatman, & Caldwell, 1991) theories. Using a combination of ethnographic, psychological and organizational data from the founders and employees of four small firms from multiple industries, and a broader survey study of 336 respondents from 23 firms, it finds support for O’Reilly et al., (2014)’s CEO Personality-Culture link in the small-company setting. It also validates two new findings: 1) that employee personality traits can trump founder personality as an influence on culture, and 2) that founder involvement can moderate the impact of founder personality on culture. The dissertation concludes with plans for further research into the personality-organizational culture effects and thoughts about the applicability of these results for founders and consultants. / Business Administration/Entrepreneurship

No / Aspirin, formally known as acetylsalicylic (ASA), is most widely used and cheapest over-the counter drugs. It is used not only for the common fevers, headaches and inflammation, but also for reducing the risk of heart attacks. In recent years, it is also linked to anti-cancer potential. Recently the US Preventive Services Working Group (UPSTF) release aspirin as a guide for cardiovascular disease and primary prevention of colorectal cancer. Platelets have been shown to play a crucial role in cancer metastasis for many years and are proposed to have an intimate reciprocal crosstalk with cancer cells. They may alter the properties of each other and have reciprocal effects. But the exact role of platelets in modifying the tumor cell properties has not been established. In clinical, cancer patients may receive platelets from outside to treat thrombocytopenia and bleeding induced by intensive chemotherapy. Therefore understanding the exact role of platelets in carcinogenesis always is a research interest, especially when evaluating anti-cancer drugs. In this study we exam the effect of platelets on viability, proliferation and adhesion of lung cancer cells A549 in culture conditions, using different concentrations of platelet rich plasma (PRP) with and without the presence of antiplatelet drug aspirin. The tumor cell EMT transformation was also investigated under different combination of PRP and aspirin in vitro. Our data showed that low-dose of aspirin can promote cell proliferation and high-dose of aspirin could inhibit cell proliferation. High concentrations of platelet-rich plasma can inhibit cell proliferation but low concentrations of platelet-rich plasma had no significant effect on cell proliferation. Platelet-rich plasma can gather around the cell to form a gelatinous film, and this lead us to a promoted tumor cell distant metastasis model. We further found out that the combination of aspirin and PRP could increase cell viability compared to single use of PRP and Aspirin can affect cell proliferation by inhibiting platelet effects. Platelet-rich plasma reduces the adhesion of A549 cell can be attenuated by aspirin. Further works will focus on combination of different doses of aspirin and PRP to confirm the above results. Other format of aspirin (nano-form) and other NSAID inflammatory drugs like Ibuprofen will also be tested. / Abstract of conference paper.

Submitted by Mariangela Carvalho (mariepcarvalho@hotmail.com) on 2015-05-06T15:49:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final 09 04 2015.pdf: 4760072 bytes, checksum: 626b09f4c1c4daf0b460de4d924e87de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2015-05-07T13:42:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final 09 04 2015.pdf: 4760072 bytes, checksum: 626b09f4c1c4daf0b460de4d924e87de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-05-11T11:44:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final 09 04 2015.pdf: 4760072 bytes, checksum: 626b09f4c1c4daf0b460de4d924e87de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-11T11:46:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final 09 04 2015.pdf: 4760072 bytes, checksum: 626b09f4c1c4daf0b460de4d924e87de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Esta dissertação traça uma trajetória, evitando, no entanto, uma linha evolucionista, dos termos e conceitos que foram usados no decorrer da história para identificar as intervenções das empresas em ações sociais, desde as atuações assistencialistas até a atuação direta em projetos, com criação de institutos e fundações ligados às empresas, compartilhando não só investimentos financeiros, mas conhecimento, tecnologia e mão de obra especializada. Mas, como veremos, só isso não é suficiente para que uma empresa seja caracterizada como socialmente responsável. Como parâmetro, será trabalhada a diferenciação entre responsabilidade social empresarial (RSE) e investimento social privado (ISP), usando as definições e modelos do Instituto Ethos de Responsabilidade Social e do Grupo de Institutos e Fundações e Empresas (GIFE), respectivamente. Como estudo de caso, será apresentada a GTECH Brasil, empresa multinacional do ramo de loterias online, que, para realizar ações sociais, criou o Instituto Gtech de Cidadania e Cultura (IGCC), em 2000. A empresa, fazendo uso da verba disponível de incentivo à cultura, com a Lei Rouanet, realizou um projeto corporativo de arte-educação, chamado Projeto Asa, que tinha por foco trabalhar com jovens de sete a 17 anos, englobando arte e tecnologia. Por acreditar no poder transformador da arte, o projeto foi se atualizando e passou a desenvolver o conceito de arte-cidadania. O Asa funcionou até 2009, durando mais do que a própria empresa, que, em 2006, encerrou as atividades no Brasil. Nesse período, atendeu a mais de 3.500 crianças e jovens. Por meio de documentos, manuais, relatórios e diversas entrevistas, o presente trabalho delineou as atividades sociais da GTECH, analisando se a empresa deveria se enquadrar como RSE ou ISP e também demonstrando alguns dos impactos gerados pelas ações realizadas tanto nos funcionários da empresa, quanto na equipe do projeto e, principalmente, nos jovens que participaram das atividades. / This dissertation traces a path, avoiding, however, an evolutionary line, the terms and concepts that have been used throughout history to identify the interventions of companies in social actions, from the welfare performances to the direct involvement in projects, with the creation of institutes and foundations connected to the companies, sharing not only financial investments but also technology, skilled labor and knowledgement. Nevertheless, as we may see, that is not enough for a company to be characterized as socially responsible. As a parameter, the differentiation between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and private social investment (PSI) will be taken forward, using the definitions and models respectively from Ethos Institute for Social Responsibility and from GIFE (Group of Institutes and Foundations and Companies). As a case study it will be presented GTECH Brazil, a multinational company in the online lottery business, which to perform social actions, created the Gtech Institute of Citizenship and Culture (IGCC), in 2000. The company, making use of available funds to encourage culture, through the Brazilian Rouanet Law, conducted a corporate project based on art education, called 'Asa Project', which was focused on young people aged from seven to seventeen years old, encompassing art and technology. Believing in the transformative power of art, the project was updated and proceeded developing the art-citizenship concept. Asa project worked until 2009, lasting more than the company itself, which in 2006 ended its activities in Brazil. During this period served more than 3,500 children and youths. By means of documents, manuals, reports and several interviews, this dissertation will outline the social activities of GTECH, analyzing whether the company should fit as CSR or PSI and also showing some of the impacts of actions taken in the company employees, as well as in the project team, and especially among the young people who participated in the activities.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-21T18:01:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rubens Antônio Alves - 2015.pdf: 7966348 bytes, checksum: 5a95a9ee436c444d586451331b40e5a0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-22T12:33:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rubens Antônio Alves - 2015.pdf: 7966348 bytes, checksum: 5a95a9ee436c444d586451331b40e5a0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T12:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rubens Antônio Alves - 2015.pdf: 7966348 bytes, checksum: 5a95a9ee436c444d586451331b40e5a0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-30 / Outro / This Project, in the electrical engineering area, consists in the development of a complete control system, hardware and software, for controlling model airplanes of the fixedwing and rotary-wing types, aiming the implementation of an automatic control system compatible with the necessity of autonomous and aided flights, applied to critical systems monitoring.The final system consists of a controller, or automatic pilot, with specific hardware and software, capable of controlling a model airplane using GPS coordinates, in a way that allows the airplane to go through a planned route and go back to the starting point in an autonomous way. The controller should receive, in ground, the programmed route; the model should answer to the pilot commands, within a visual range when operating in the aided mode, and should go through the programmed route in the autonomous mode, after confirmation of the pilot. After reaching the end of the programmed route, the model airplane should return to the starting point, keeping the maximum flight level of the route as the reference height. The model airplane will carry in a communication system to allow the monitoring process from a ground station, able to keep updated the airworthy conditions, as well as the level of accuracy between the actual and the planned route. The communication may be carried out directly using a radio link, with the receiver allocated in a mobile ground station, monitored by a pilot, to make higher the security level. However, the model airplane may transfer the data through a GPRS link, connected to the web system, which transfers the data to the ground station. In this case, the ground station must be connected to the web.The route saved in the model control system is built based on online maps directly linked by the software for the mission programming and monitoring, which can carry out the treatment and storage of the model data and parameters. The programming of the stability control and route, with primary data of latitude, longitude and height allows the real time monitoring of the model, related to the planned route and throught images captured by embedded video cameras. All data are storage following a timeline process, such that they can be recovered for futher analysis. / Esta disertação da área de engenharia elétrica consiste na construção de um sistema de controle completo de hardware e software para controle de um aeromodelo de asa fixa e/ou asa móvel, de maneira a implementar um piloto automático compatível com as necessidades de voo autônomo ou assistido, sendo que tal sistema deverá ser compatível com a precisão de voo aplicada a monitoramento de sistemas críticos.O sistema é constituído por uma placa controladora composta por hardware e firmware específicos, capaz de controlar um modelo orientado por coordenadas GPS, para que o mesmo percorra uma rota predeterminada e retorne ao ponto de partida de forma autônoma. A placa recebe, ainda em solo, a programação da rota a ser percorrida; o aeromodelo deve responder normalmente aos comandos do controle remoto do piloto em solo, respeitando o raio de alcance visual do piloto no modo assistido e segue a rota programada no modo autônomo após confirmação de comando do piloto. No final do percurso o aermodelo volta em trajetória reta para o ponto de partida, respeitando a maior altura do trajeto. O aeromodelo deve ser munido de sistema de comunicação para o devido acompanhamento em solo das condições de aeronavegabilidade do aeromodelo em voo, bem como a verificação dos níveis de precisão em relação à rota programada. A comunicação pode ser feita diretamente por sistema de link de rádio, direcionada a um terminal móvel em solo, que é acompanhado pelo piloto, para aumentar o nível de segurança, mas o aeromodelo também pode comunicar por rede de celular GPRS, conectado à internet, que direciona os dados ao terminal em solo. Nesse caso, o terminal, também deverá estar conectado à internet. A rota programada no aeromodelo é construída com base em mapas online conectados diretamente ao software de programação e acompanhamento de missão, que faz o tratamento e armazenamento dos dados e parâmetros do aermodelo. Tanto a programação de controle de estabilidade, quanto de rota, com dados primários relativos a latitude, longitude e altura, permitem o acompanhamento em tempo real do aeromodelo junto à rota programada e também através da imagem da câmera de gravação embarcada no aeromodelo. Todos os dados são gravados com base em processo de linha do tempo, que podem ser recuperados em conjunto para análise posterior.

Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die mechanistischen Abläufe bei der Papierleimung mit ASA besser zu verstehen und weiter aufzuklären, um vor allem Wechselwirkungen mit Füllstoffen und anderen chemischen Additiven zu minimieren. Dazu sollten analytische Verfahrensmethoden entwickelt werden, welche die bilanztechnische Verfolgung von ASA und dessen Reaktionsprodukten ermöglichen, um anschließend den Einfluss und die Wechselwirkungen verschiedenster Parameter auf die ASA-Leimung untersuchen zu können. Weiterhin sollte bei Untersuchungen zur Emulgierung versucht werden, die wichtigsten Einflussgrößen auf die Partikelgröße, Stabilität und Hydrolyse des ASA aufzuzeigen. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit konnten bei den Untersuchungen zur Emulgierung wichtige Einflussgrößen auf die Partikelgröße, Stabilität und Hydrolyse von ASA-Emulsionen aufgeklärt werden. Weiterhin wurde eine Methode zur genauen Bestimmung der Reaktionskinetik der ASA-Hydrolyse sowie der Ablagerungsneigung entwickelt. Bei den Untersuchungen zur analytischen Bestimmung wurde über die NIR-Spektroskopie ein einfaches Analyseverfahren zur exakten quantitativen Bestimmung von ASA und AKD entwickelt. Es wurde gefunden, dass eine quantitative Erfassung von synthetischen Leimungsmitteln (ASA / AKD) mittels NIR in den Regionen der CH2-Schwingungen um 4300 cm-1 und 5750 cm-1 mit hoher statistischer Genauigkeit möglich ist. Der Methodenfehler für die Bestimmung von AKD liegt bei ± 0,010 % und bei ± 0,013 % für ASA. Dadurch ist eine wesentlich genauere Bewertung von Wechselwirkungen bei der Leimung als bisher möglich, da nicht nur die Leimungswirkung, sondern über NIR auch Menge und Art (gebunden / ungebunden) an Leimungsmittel in einer bisher nicht erreichbaren Messzeit betrachtet werden können. Mittels HPLC und Pyrolyse-GC/MS konnten die erstellten NIR-Kalibrationen erfolgreich validiert werden. Im letzten Teil der Arbeit wurden Wechselwirkungen von ASA mit Füllstoffen und chemischen Additiven aufgeklärt, sowie mechanistische Grundlagen zur Leimung mit ASA erarbeitet. Hier hat sich gezeigt, dass der Mechanismus der ASA-Leimung nicht nur, wie oft in der Literatur beschrieben, auf eine Veresterung mit den Hydroxylgruppen der Cellulose zurückzuführen ist. Vielmehr ist die optimale Wirkung von Leimungsmitteln sehr stark von deren Verteilung, Mobilität und Orientierung abhängig. Weiterhin konnte festgestellt werden, dass der größte Anteil des Leimungsmittels im Papier in ungebundener (hydrolisierter) Form vorliegt und somit zur Wanderung (Migration) durch das Papiergefüge befähigt ist. Trotzdem kann der hydrolisierte Anteil deutlich zur Hydrophobierung des Papiers beitragen, wenn dieser richtig orientiert und fein verteilt ist. Schlecht orientierte Leimungsmittel tragen nicht zur Leimung bei bzw. können diese sogar reduzieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden unter Einsatz moderner Methoden wichtige Grundlagen zur Papierleimung mit ASA erarbeitet. Dabei wurden insbesondere Beiträge zu den Themen Emulgierung, Hydrolyse- und Ablagerungsneigung, analytische Bestimmung, Wechselwirkungen sowie Mechanismen von ASA geleistet. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen Möglichkeiten auf, wie in Unternehmen der Papierindustrie zukünftig ASA-Leimungsmittel gezielter dosiert, Produktionsstörungen vermieden und Kosten reduziert werden können. / The purpose of this work was to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms in ASA sizing and to minimise interactions with fillers and other chemical additives. Therefore analytical test methods were developed, to enable a simple mass balance approach for ASA and its reaction products. Afterwards, the influence of various factors affecting ASA sizing and retention could be investigated and explained. Furthermore, the most important factors which influence particle size, stability, and hydrolysis of ASA emulsions had to be determined. In the first part of this work, studies regarding the emulsification of ASA were carried out. Here, the most important factors with regard to particle size, stability, and hydrolysis of ASA emulsions were investigated. Furthermore, a method for the exact determination of ASA hydrolysis as well as the agglomeration tendency was developed. For the investigations regarding the analytical determination, a fast and easy-to-use method for the quantification of ASA and AKD has been developed. The investigations have shown that a quantitative determination of synthetic sizing agents (ASA / AKD) is possible using NIR spectroscopy. With the help of multivariate data analysis and PLS regression, mainly the region of the CH2-bands around 4300 cm-1 and 5750 cm-1 were evaluated. The prediction error (RMSEP) for the determination of AKD is 0.01 %, and 0.013 % for ASA. Even an analysis of the percentage of bound and unbound ASA / AKD is possible by NIR spectroscopy of extracted paper samples. Thus, a fast and detailed investigation of mechanisms as regards sizing is possible. The developed NIR methods were validated using HPLC and Pyrolysis-GC/MS. In the last part of the work, interactions of ASA with fillers and chemical additives were investigated, and mechanisms of ASA sizing were studied. It was shown that the mechanism of ASA sizing - as often described in the literature - can not only be attributed to the esterification with the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose. In fact, the optimal effect of sizing agents is much more dependant on a fine distribution, mobility and orientation of ASA molecules. It was observed that the main part of the ASA is present in an unbound (hydrolysed) form and therefore is able to migrate through the paper structure. However, the hydrolysed ASA can significantly contribute to sizing when it is finely distributed and well orientated. Sizing agents orientated in the opposite do not contribute to sizing but they can even decrease the existing sizing level. To summarize, it can be concluded that, in this work important fundamentals as regards ASA sizing were developed using modern test methods. Thereby important contributions were made to the topics of emulsification, hydrolysis- and emulsion-stability, analytical determination, interactions and mechanisms of ASA. These results show possibilities how ASA sizing agents can be used more effectively, process disturbances avoided, and costs reduced.

Detta examensarbete handlar om framställandet av en dokumentation för konstruktörer inom området 3D-skrivning. Arbetet är ett uppdrag från elbilstillverkaren Ecoist i syftet att underlätta för företag med begränsad kunskap och erfarenhet inom 3D-utskrifter att utnyttja tillverkningsmetoden för sina produkter. Dokumentationen skall innehålla riktlinjer för materialval, konstruktionsprinciper, och inställningar för 3D-utskrifter. För att begränsa arbetet till tidsramen läggs fokus på en typ av skrivare. Den valda typen är FDM eftersom det är den bedöms vara mest tillgängliga, både i pris och utbud. De material och dess egenskaper som betonas i dokumentationen är ASA, PETG, PLA, PP och TPU. Det huvudsakliga arbetet kommer främst innefatta faktainsamling och sammanställning från befintliga information, men även laborationer med 3D-skrivare. Kapitelindelningen i dokumentationen är strukturerad för att följa konstruktörens arbetsprocess. Den inleds med materialval, fortsätter med konstruktion och avslutas med inställningar för 3D-skrivare. I materialegenskaper behandlas de grundläggande egenskaperna hos olika material som används inom 3D-utskrift, med särskilt fokus på deras hållfasthet, miljöpåverkan, användningsområde samt för- och nackdelar. Konstruktionsriktlinjer handlar om utformning av detaljer, inklusive minsta detaljtjocklek, hantering av överhäng, fasning, efterbearbetning, integrering av fästelement samt toleranser mellan närliggande delar. Fokus ligger på att säkerställa att detaljerna är konstruerade för att vara hållbara och funktionella efter tillverkning med 3D-skrivare. Inställningar för 3D-skrivare handlar om STL-filer, olika typer av ifyllnadsmönster samt vanliga defekter och åtgärder för att motverka dem. Vidare behandlas materialspecifika inställningar för optimal justering av 3D-skrivaren. Vid utformningen av dokumentet läggs mest fokus på utseende och läsbarhet, samt ordning och struktur genom färgval, text/tabellspresentation och anpassandet av dokumentet för både fysiskt och digitalt exemplar. Hela dokumentationen finns i bilaga 1. / This thesis focuses on creating documentation for designers in the field of 3D printing. The project is commissioned by the electric car manufacturer Ecoist with the aim of helping companies with limited knowledge and experience in 3D printing to utilize this manufacturing method for their products. The documentation will include guidelines for material selection, design principles, and 3D printing settings. To fit the project within the given timeframe, the focus is limited to one type of printer. The selected type is FDM, as it is considered the most accessible in terms of price and availability. The materials and their properties emphasized in the documentation are ASA, PETG, PLA, PP, and TPU. The main work will primarily involve gathering and compiling information from existing sources, but also conducting experiments with 3D printers. The chapters in the documentation are structured to follow the designer's workflow. It begins with material selection, continues with design, and concludes with 3D printer settings. In material properties, the basic characteristics of different materials used in 3D printing are covered, with a particular focus on their strength, environmental impact, areas of use, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Design guidelines involve the configuration of details, including minimum detail thickness, handling of overhangs, chamfering, post-processing, integration of fasteners, and tolerances between adjacent parts. The focus is on ensuring that the details are designed to be durable and functional after manufacturing with a 3D printer. 3D printer settings cover STL files, different types of infill patterns, and common defects along with countermeasures to avoid them. Furthermore, material-specific settings for optimal adjustment of the 3D printer are presented. In the design of the document, the emphasis is on appearance and readability, as well as order and structure through the choice of colors, text/table presentation, and adapting the document for both physical and digital copies. The entire documentation is included in Appendix 1.