Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Mecánico / En Chile y en gran parte del mundo se utiliza el código ASME VIII, para el diseño, fabricación y montaje de recipientes a presión. Sin embargo, las reglas de montaje del piping, no suelen ser respetadas, provocando fallas en los equipos. Esto es de suma importancia en ingeniería ya que las empresas fabricantes son las responsables de entregar la memoria de cálculo correspondiente. En base a esto, el objetivo general de esta memoria consiste en calcular la capacidad de carga en las boquillas de recipientes a presión, debido a fuerzas externas. Para esto, se deben desarrollar dos procedimientos de análisis: El WRC 107 y una técnica FEM. Los cuales son aplicados en un caso base y en un conjunto de aplicaciones. De esta manera, poder realizar una comparación entre los resultados de ambos análisis. Para lograr los objetivos, se evalúan 3 tipos de cargas: Una carga radial (P), un momento circunferencial (Mc) y uno longtudinal (Ml). Se aplica la metodología del WRC 107 imponiendo la condicion del límite de fluencia del material. Mientras que el FEM (Ansys), consiste en encontrar el instante en donde comienza la deformación plástica, debido a la carga aplicada. De esta manera se puede determinar de forma directa la magnitud. El resultado del caso base, muestra una mayor capacidad de carga en la boquilla de 10 in con respecto a la de 6 in, en ambos análisis (WRC 107 y FEM). Sin embargo, la diferencia entre cada uno de ellos es aproximadamente de un 60 %. Esto se debe a que WRC 107 no considera todos los refuerzos cercanos a la boquilla que presenta el caso base real. Los resultados correspondientes al conjunto de estanques seleccionados, muestran una tendencia a disminuir la capacidad de carga de las boquillas, en función del aumento del parámetro D=T del recipiente. Tanto para el análisis del WRC 107 como para el FEM. Esto muestra que el manto se comporta cada vez más similar a una membrana, perdiendo rigidez. También, se aprecia una diferencia entre ambos métodos de al menos un 29 %. Sin embargo, para la carga ML en la boquilla de 10 in, se presenta una diferencia de solo un 8 %. Se concluye que realizar el análisis de capacidad de carga en un caso real, conlleva a muchas consideraciones que no estan incluidas en el WRC 107, afectando considerablemente los resultados (WRC 107 hasta un 60% más conservativo que FEM). Para los casos parametrizados en funcion de D=T del estanque, se reafirma que WRC 107 es conservativo. Sin embargo, solo para la carga radial y momento circunferencial. No así para el momento longitudinal. Finalmente se destaca la importancia de realizar una técnica FEM para obtener resultados confiables.

Nas plantas industriais dos setores químico e petroquímico observa-se uma grande quantidade de complexas redes de tubulações instaladas, o que se deve basicamente à necessidade de transferir e processar fluídos em diversas condições de pressão e temperatura em suas operações produtivas. Uma indústria petroquímica de médio porte possui entre 3.000 e 15.000 toneladas de tubulações de aço-carbono instaladas, fazendo com que o adequado dimensionamento desse sistema de tubulações adquira grande importância. Este trabalho caracteriza os principais componentes, materiais, condições de projeto e critérios normativos existentes, em especial sob temperaturas elevadas. Realiza uma avaliação comparativa dos métodos de solução estrutural dessas tubulações e analisa criticamente algumas das premissas originais que ainda orientam o seu dimensionamento, visando uma melhor adequação destas. Por fim, juntamente com um estudo de caso, apresenta uma proposta de metodologia de dimensionamento, aplicando o Método dos Elementos Finitos, com o objetivo de aliar mais segurança, otimizar a construção e permitir um projeto mais econômico, diante das grandes quantidades de material envolvidas nessas instalações. / In the chemical and petrochemical plants we can notice a big amount and complexity of pipings installeds, it happens due to the need to transfer and process fluids with differents pressures and temperatures and to get the operational requirements of production. A middle size petrochemical plant has among 3,000 to 15,000 tons of carbon steel pipings assembled so an adjusted sizing of these piping systems is very important. This study presents the main components, materials, design features and existing code procedures, especially under higher temperatures. It makes a comparative valuation about methods of structural solution to pipings and discussing previous concepts applied in the codes to improve these applications. In also, together a case study, presents a proposal of a methodology to sizing of pipings using Finity Element Analyse, with the goal to get a solution more safety, optimized and an economic project, in front of the large quantity of material involved in these installations.

The stress and fatigue analysis of roller chain under varied loading is investigated in this study. With the dynamic responses of a gear-cam intermittent mechanism, boundary conditions are set up to the finite element model. The commercial MARC finite element method package is used in this work. Stress distribution is our concern. ASME elliptic equation and AGMA allowable contact stress criteria are employed in the fatigue analysis. Results indicate that the maximum of von Mises stress occurs on the contact surface between pins and plates. Besides, the initial failures on this loading are predicted to happen on the plates according to the fatigue analysis.

abstract: Dimensional Metrology is the branch of science that determines length, angular, and geometric relationships within manufactured parts and compares them with required tolerances. The measurements can be made using either manual methods or sampled coordinate metrology (Coordinate measuring machines). Manual measurement methods have been in practice for a long time and are well accepted in the industry, but are slow for the present day manufacturing. On the other hand CMMs are relatively fast, but these methods are not well established yet. The major problem that needs to be addressed is the type of feature fitting algorithm used for evaluating tolerances. In a CMM the use of different feature fitting algorithms on a feature gives different values, and there is no standard that describes the type of feature fitting algorithm to be used for a specific tolerance. Our research is focused on identifying the feature fitting algorithm that is best used for each type of tolerance. Each algorithm is identified as the one to best represent the interpretation of geometric control as defined by the ASME Y14.5 standard and on the manual methods used for the measurement of a specific tolerance type. Using these algorithms normative procedures for CMMs are proposed for verifying tolerances. The proposed normative procedures are implemented as software. Then the procedures are verified by comparing the results from software with that of manual measurements. To aid this research a library of feature fitting algorithms is developed in parallel. The library consists of least squares, Chebyshev and one sided fits applied on the features of line, plane, circle and cylinder. The proposed normative procedures are useful for evaluating tolerances in CMMs. The results evaluated will be in accordance to the standard. The ambiguity in choosing the algorithms is prevented. The software developed can be used in quality control for inspection purposes. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Mechanical Engineering 2014

Nas plantas industriais dos setores químico e petroquímico observa-se uma grande quantidade de complexas redes de tubulações instaladas, o que se deve basicamente à necessidade de transferir e processar fluídos em diversas condições de pressão e temperatura em suas operações produtivas. Uma indústria petroquímica de médio porte possui entre 3.000 e 15.000 toneladas de tubulações de aço-carbono instaladas, fazendo com que o adequado dimensionamento desse sistema de tubulações adquira grande importância. Este trabalho caracteriza os principais componentes, materiais, condições de projeto e critérios normativos existentes, em especial sob temperaturas elevadas. Realiza uma avaliação comparativa dos métodos de solução estrutural dessas tubulações e analisa criticamente algumas das premissas originais que ainda orientam o seu dimensionamento, visando uma melhor adequação destas. Por fim, juntamente com um estudo de caso, apresenta uma proposta de metodologia de dimensionamento, aplicando o Método dos Elementos Finitos, com o objetivo de aliar mais segurança, otimizar a construção e permitir um projeto mais econômico, diante das grandes quantidades de material envolvidas nessas instalações. / In the chemical and petrochemical plants we can notice a big amount and complexity of pipings installeds, it happens due to the need to transfer and process fluids with differents pressures and temperatures and to get the operational requirements of production. A middle size petrochemical plant has among 3,000 to 15,000 tons of carbon steel pipings assembled so an adjusted sizing of these piping systems is very important. This study presents the main components, materials, design features and existing code procedures, especially under higher temperatures. It makes a comparative valuation about methods of structural solution to pipings and discussing previous concepts applied in the codes to improve these applications. In also, together a case study, presents a proposal of a methodology to sizing of pipings using Finity Element Analyse, with the goal to get a solution more safety, optimized and an economic project, in front of the large quantity of material involved in these installations.

This final thesis addresses the approach of standards and software for calculation of pressure vessels loaded by external pressure and a design of own calculation software, including a demonstration on chosen geometry. The approaches of standards and software are solved in the form of research. The practical part describes the developed software, selected technologies for development and results of the demonstration. The demonstration was carried out on two geometries and was successful.

The Institute of Clean Energy Technology (ICET) at Mississippi State University was awarded a contract by the DOE to design, fabricate, assemble, and characterize a research grade test stand to assist in the development of ASME AG-1 Section FI Metal Media Filters. The major barriers to completing the code section is development of a test stand for collecting data necessary to specify performance requirements for use and for filter qualification. Currently there is not a test stand capable of performing this testing. Performance criteria for the FI test stand were developed by the Section FI project team and ICET. These performance criteria were used to create a test stand to collect the data necessary to get Section FI balloted and approved.

The subject of this thesis is strength design of pipe connecting furnace of continuous catalytic reforming with reactor. First is realize analytical design of individual parts according to ASME VIII, ČSN EN 12952-3 a ČSN EN 13480-3. It is also design and optimize supporting pipe using Caesar II. At the end of work is creating isometric documentation.

The main content of the diploma thesis is the strength calculation of the heat exchanger according to ASME Code. The introduction is a summary of issues within the design of this equipments. In the practical part there are a strength calculation of the main parts of heat exchanger and the FEM analys with their evaluation. In the last part there is the calculation of cumulative damage.

No description available.