Thesis--Catholic University of America. / Bibliography: p. 131-133.

Inaug.-Diss.--Leipzig. / Vita. "Litteraturnachweis": p. 1-3.

Thesis (Th. D.)--Concordia Seminary, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-264).

Teilw. zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2005

1 Title: Waldgirmes in the context of the Augustan period Author: Karel Kůt Department: Institute for Classical Archaeology, Charles University Supervisior: Doc. PhDr. Jiří Musil, PhD. Abstract: The thesis focuses on the locality of the Roman period in Waldgirmes (contemporary Germany) in the context of Roman expansion in the time of Augustan rule. It concentrates on archaeological situation, structure and disposition of objects and used building technologies. It brings the interpretation of local space and references to ancient sources. It approaches a broader perspective from the viewpoint of Augustan horizon with its related invasion to Germany, where the axis of army penetration was formed by the rivers Lippe, Mohan and Lahn. As the Romans used to establish their supporting strategic points along these rivers, the thesis focuses also on other fortifications and constructions created in this period and in the given area. It also takes into consideration the forms of coexistence of the Romans with the original inhabitants. Keywords: Waldgirmes, Augustus, Romans, Germania

Augustus was a master of propaganda who employed Ancient and Hellenized Egypt as a means to legitimize his newly acquired power in Rome after the Battle of Actium. This thesis examines the ways in which Augustus moulded the people, imagery and religion of Egypt to suit his political needs. This was accomplished through an examination of the modified imagery of major Egyptian political figures such as Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, and Cleopatra VII. The symbolism of their images was altered to enhance Augustus’ standing in Rome. Augustus’ inspirations were also considered, namely Alexander the Great who became a significant influence for Augustus as was evident through the various similarities in their seal rings, family history, and the nature of both their roles as ‘restorers’ and ‘saviours’. The most predominant source for evidence of Augustus’ use of Egypt was found in his transportation of monumental obelisks from Egypt into the Circus Maximus and the Campus Martius. These monuments served to beautify the city while justifying Augustus’ authority in Rome. A close second to the transportation of the monumental architecture of Egypt was Augustus’ representation of the Battle of Actium upon his coinage. The battle was depicted typically with a tethered crocodile, stalks of wheat, a lituus, and a bareheaded Augustus. These actions augmented the prestige of Rome and presented Augustus as a powerful and reliable leader. In terms of religion, Augustus welcomed the practice of Egyptian cults while protecting the physical presence of Rome’s traditional religious core, the pomerium. This appealed to worshippers of both traditional and foreign cults and further enhanced his favour in Rome. Ultimately, Augustus’ actions served to increase his own prestige and credibility. This allowed Augustus to legitimize the authority of his rule and to initiate the beginnings of a stable Roman empire that would endure through Tiberius’ reign and those to follow.

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The Romans redefined the nature of their collective identity to be centered on religion and the connection between the Roman people and their gods during the Augustan age, spanning Augustus’ dominance of Roman politics from the late 30s BC until AD 14. This sacral identity was presented through a comprehensive reimagining of Roman history, from the age of myth through the founding of the city and up to the present day, explaining the failures and successes of the city in history. According to Augustan writers, the chaos of the late Republic was due to a decline in piety. They connected Augustus’ restoration of religious practice to the glorious past, a past exemplified by great heroes portrayed as forerunners of Augustus. The sacral conception replaced a civic model of Roman identity based on Roman institutions and the mos maiores.

Time and structure; expectation and construction; landscape and architecture; history and myth. The foundation is a joint which carries extraordinary potential to speak of the cultures that built it. This text tells stories about three cultures whose identities are interwoven with their foundation-building. Tracing a path among the distinct ways in which they found, it values the foundation as a marker between anticipating and making in the architectural process; an ambiguous joint between land and building; an invisible structure of the surfaces we touch; and an indicator of an attitude towards time. The narrative begins in Rome and concludes in the James Bay Lowlands of Northern Canada. Both indigenous cultures represent extremes in notions of ???foundation???: Rome???s tufa block substructures have borne buildings stratified over millennia; while the subarctic Omushkego Cree have traditionally had no permanent foundations, their building traces perceived in subtle differences of soil composition. A third base in the Netherlands is both a fulcrum and foil, as the nation???s diverse local and large-scale strategies negotiate heavy and light building traditions, and offer another distinct set of considerations in preparing ground. The aim of this book is two-fold. Firstly, it is to restore the foundation to the purview of the architect. Groundwork is more than a technical puzzle: it is also a deeply imaginative act. Secondly, this text seeks to understand why cultures found the way they do, and to give consideration to the unique inheritances offered by diverse foundation-building traditions.