Zugl.: Chemnitz, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008.

This thesis aims to discern whether cyclical history can be appropriately applied to the Ab Urbe Condita, and from these findings discern Livy's authorial implications for the contemporary political program. This process is conducted by analyzing exempla , as well as constructing a new definition of metus hostilis. Doing so allows for the detection of patterns, that when imprinted upon the existing formulaic model, examines whether the metus hostilis enhances the case for Livy writing the AUC with cyclical intent. Based on this analysis, the implications for contemporary Rome are clear in that the narrative insinuates the Augustan regime's necessity.

This report investigates the relationship between demonstrations and the built environment of the Forum Romanum. As one of the chief loci for the creation of public discourse in Rome, the Forum Romanum was a prime target for demonstrations. An in-depth evaluation of late Republican demonstrations within the Forum reveals how demonstrations sought to create alternative discourses. Late Republican demonstrators often incorporated the topography of the Forum into their demonstrations, either for strategic or symbolic reasons. Demonstrators were particularly concerned with the occupation of the Forum and restricting access to the speaker’s platforms. In doing so, demonstrations attempted to legitimate their own goals and objectives by equating them with the will of the people. The Augustan transformation of the Forum Romanum disrupted this established Republican topography of demonstration. Changes in the built environment limited the effectiveness of a demonstration’s ability to occupy the Forum. Entrances to the Forum were narrowed to impede the movement of demonstrators. Speaker’s platforms were insulated from the assembled crowd. A number of redundant measures, including surveillance and legal remedies, ensured that a new topography of demonstration did not form. These changes to the Forum Romanum participated in Augustus’s larger ideological program by prohibiting the creation of discourses opposed to the Augustan message. / text

Le décor architectonique de l’Arles antique traite de l’ensemble des éléments lapidaires d’architecture décorés de l’antique Arelate. La prise en compte du plus grand nombre de bloc a permis de proposer une synthèse sur l’évolution stylistique et chronologique de l’ornementation arlésienne – une frise qui s’étale du premier triumvirat au Vème siècle après J.-C. – et une restitution du développement architectural du centre monumental d’Arles. L’étude s’articule autour des deux principaux axes analytiques que sont les motifs ornementaux canoniques constitutifs de la modénature des blocs et les composantes architecturales. Par ces analyses, l’objectif premier était de fixer un certain nombre de jalons chronologiques qui pourront faire office de référence en Narbonnaise pour la datation d’éléments d’architecture. Notre raisonnement et les méthodes employées avaient vocation à répondre à une problématique générale qui était la place d’Arles au sein de la Gaule Narbonnaise, notamment par la définition ou la précision de la circulation des cartons et les rapports entretenus avec Rome. Arelate présente toutes les caractéristiques d’une ville ayant brillamment réussi la transposition des « modèles romains », adaptée à son urbanisme et à sa topographie. Rome, et Auguste particulièrement, ont marqué de leur empreinte la ville par les mutations qu’ils ont favorisées et encouragées, à moins qu’ils ne les aient simplement décidées. Ces premiers aménagements sont suivis, au fil des années, de réalisations confirmant le rôle de la colonie dans un processus de romanisation passant en grande partie par l’architecture et le développement de son ornementation. / The architectural decoration of ancient Arles concerns all lapidary decorated architectural elements of Ancient Arelate. Taking into account the largest number of blocks allowed us to propose a synthesis of the stylistic and chronological evolution of Arles ornamentation - a frieze which runs from the first triumvirate to the fifth century AD - and restitution of architectural development of the monumental center of Arles. The study focuses on two main analytical axes, canonical ornaments and architectural components. For these analyses, the primary objective was to fix a number of historical milestones that will serve as a reference for dating Narbonese architectural elements. Our reasoning and methods used were intended to respond to a problem that was the place of Arles in Narbonese Gaul, including the definition or the accuracy of the movement of canonicals ornaments and relationships maintained with Rome. Arelate has all the characteristics of a city having succeeded in the implementation of the "Roman models", adapted to its town planning and its topography. Rome and Augustus in particular have left their mark on the city by the mutations that they fostered and encouraged, unless they simply decided on them. These early developments were followed, over the years, by achievements confirming the role of the colony in a process of Romanization passing largely by the architecture and the development of its ornamentation.

Orientador: Ivan Esperança Rocha / Banca: Renata Lopes Biazotto Venturini / Banca: Andrea Lucia Dorini de Oliveira Carvalho Rossi / Resumo: No primeiro livro de sua obra, o historiador romano Lívio se dedica ao período lendário da fundação de Roma e ao período monárquico que se sucede. A publicação deste volume ocorre paralelamente aos primeiros anos do principado de Augusto. Ao caracterizar sua época como um período de decadência da sociedade, o historiador incita seus contemporâneos a recuperarem o respeito às antigas tradições através da sua história de Roma. Esta pesquisa visa analisar a construção das personagens históricas dos reis e identificar as influências do presente do historiador na sua composição, principalmente no que tange à defesa de um modelo de identidade romana calcado nas tradições do mos maiorum. / Abstract: In his first book, the Roman historian Livy dedicates himself to the legendary period of the foundation of Rome and to the monarchic period that follows on. The publication of this volume takes place in the first years of Augustus' principality. In characterizing his age as a period of society decadence, the historian incites his contemporaries to recover the respect for the old traditions through the history of Rome. This research aims to analyze the construction of historical characters of kings and identify the influences of the historian's present in its composition, especially regarding the defense of a model of Roman identity based on the traditions of the mos maiorum. / Mestre

O presente exercício reflexivo visa fazer uma análise do papel político desempenhado por César Augusto durante a construção, a consolidação e a legitimação do sistema político do Principado romano. Tomaremos como base analítica os discursos e as ações de Augusto na cena política romana em prol da restauração da República. Para tanto, propomo-nos abordar o modo como o príncipe se apropriou da artimanha de construção dos estereótipos de seus rivais, Marco Antônio e Cleópatra, no intuito de elevar sua própria posição na cena política romana. A forma como ele se utilizou de discursos do eu e do outro permeia nosso olhar, sobretudo com relação ao mundo oriental que serviu como elemento num plano discursivo e prático de difamação de seus rivais e de apresentação deles como uma ameaça à República romana, a qual ele pretendia salvaguardar e elevar aos melhores tempos. / This reflective exercise aims to analyze the political role performed by Caesar Augustus during the construction, consolidation and the legitimacy of the political system of the Roman Principality. We will take as analytical basis the discourses and actions of Augustus in the Roman political scene on behalf of restoration of the Republic. Therefore, we propose to board the way how the Prince appropriated the trick of construction of stereotypes of his rivals, Marc Antony and Cleopatra, in order to raise his own position in the Roman political scene. The way he used speeches of me and other permeates our gaze, especially concerning the Eastern world that served as an element in a discursive and practical plan to defamation his rivals and their presentation as a threat to the Roman Republic, which he intended to safeguard and raise the best times.

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No description available.

This dissertation examines the role of ethical monism in the theology of Augustus Hopkins Strong. Chapter 1 discusses some of the reasons for examining Strong's theology and some of the difficulties entailed in such a study. Chapter 2 surveys the life of Strong up until the time when he returned to Rochester Theological Seminary and assumed the dual role of president and professor of theology in 1872. Special attention is given to factors which affected or pointed toward his later decision to embrace ethical monism. Chapter 3 explores the writings of several German thinkers who seem to have provided some of the philosophical building blocks which Strong used to construct his ethical monism. It also examines the writings of several English-speaking philosophers who emphasized the doctrine of divine immanence and who appear to have pushed Strong's thinking toward ethical monism. Chapter 4 discusses the various stages in Strong's decision to adopt ethical monism. It also traces his early incorporation of ethical monism into his larger theological system. Chapter 5 examines the impact which ethical monism had on other areas of Strong's theology. In particular, it discusses how ethical monism affected Strong's view of Scripture and experience, evolution and miracles, and sin and the atonement. Chapter 6 explores how other theologians viewed Strong's final theology and how Strong's theological journey affected the institution and people whom he impacted most. It argues that neither Rochester Theological Seminary nor the integrity of his theological system remained unaffected by his decision to embrace ethical monism. It also notes that both theological liberals and theological conservatives were generally critical of Strong's ethical monism, though for different reasons. This work contends that ethical monism was a means by which Strong attempted to reconcile Christian theology and modern thought while also trying to solve tensions within his own theology. In the end, Strong was unable to persuade modernists to embrace ethical monism or to convince conservatives that ethical monism was a legitimate theological option. Strong's attempt at a theological synthesis failed due largely to the contradictions which ethical monism produced within both Christian theology and philosophical monism.

This thesis is a study of the reasons for the failure of the Third Crusade to achieve its stated objectives, despite the many advantages with which the venture began. It is proposed herein that the Third Crusade—and by extension all of the previous and subsequent Crusades—were destined to fail because of structural disadvantages which plagued the expeditions to the Holy Land. The Christians in the Holy Land were not selfsufficient, and they depended on an extensive amount of aid from Europe for their existence, but the Christians of Europe had their own goals and concerns which did not allow them to focus on building a stable kingdom in the Holy Land. For European Christians, crusading was a religious obligation, and once their vows were fulfilled, they no longer had any desire to remain in the Levant. Although the Crusaders did score some short-term victories over their Muslim adversaries, the Christian presence in the Holy Land was unsustainable, for the Crusades—from the European perspective—were a religious movement without a tangible, long-term political objective, and given those circumstance, any crusade would be unsuccessful.