A Otimização Topológica (OT) tem se mostrado uma ferramenta eficiente na busca de produtos de baixo custo, alta qualidade e alto desempenho. Esta dissertação trata da aplicação da OT, por meio do software Altair Optistruct, no desenvolvimento do projeto de um Cubo de Roda. O objetivo da aplicação da OT foi auxiliar na busca por um componente mecânico otimizado atendendo os requisitos da aplicação. Utilizou-se de ensaios experimentais para validação das análises estruturais, realizadas por meio do Método de Elementos Finitos, onde as diferenças encontradas entre os valores medidos e calculados foram considerados satisfatórios. Para tanto, foi fundamental os cuidados na realização da discretização do sistema, a escolha dos pontos de instrumentação baseado nas direções principais e baixo gradiente de tensões. Também foi realizado o ensaio de aprovação do desenvolvimento de um protótipo de Cubo de Roda, utilizando-se da norma SAE n095 como critério de homologação, onde o componente otimizado foi aprovado. / This dissertation presents an application of Topology Optimization (TO) on Wheel Hub project development, through the software Altair Optistruct. The objective of the application of TO was to minimize the Wheel Hub mass meeting the application requirements. This work employs experimental validation of structural analysis, where the differences between the measured and calculated values were considered satisfactory, therefore, the way performing the discretization of the system and the choice of instrumentation points based on the principal stresses directions and low gradient were essential. The optimized Wheel Hub was also submitted to the fatigue test (SAE 11095) as a criterion for approval of the prototype, where the optimized component was considered approved.

Estudos recentes de Cadeias de Suprimentos sugerem que as empresas devem gerenciar de forma dinâmica os variados tipos de cadeias de suprimentos para responder aos diferentes tipos de comportamento de compra dos seus clientes. Enquanto algumas cadeias requerem fluxos ágeis, adaptáveis e distribuídos, outras necessitam estruturas estáveis e centralizadas. Neste sentido a problemática está na existência do alinhamento entre as dimensões propostas por Gattorna em cadeias de suprimentos e em que tipos de combinação de estratégias proporcionam melhor desempenho. Para a realização do estudo foram analisadas as Cadeias de Suprimentos das empresas automotivas no Brasil, na figura daquelas que exercem a governança da cadeia. Este estudo apresenta relevância, uma vez que a abordagem proposta é inovadora e denota a importância que as empresas devem dar ao atendimento das diferentes necessidades dos clientes, alinhando as cadeias de suprimentos aos perfis de compra e ao dinamismo do mercado. Por meio de uma survey, sustentada por informações de caráter quantitativo, com questionário composto por oito blocos de perguntas, este estudo propõe a realização da análise de associação com múltiplas variáveis, para verificar a existência de relação entre as dimensões apresentadas pela abordagem das Cadeias de Suprimentos Genéricas (Gattorna, 2009; 2010) e cinco indicadores de desempenho. O trabalho tem por objetivo verificar quais dimensões da abordagem de Gattorna proporcionam melhor desempenho às empresas, inseridas em cadeias de suprimentos, por meio das dimensões do alinhamento dinâmico: mercado, estratégias de negócios, cultura organizacional e estilo de liderança. Como resultados, o estudo apresenta uma matriz conceitual relacionando as estratégias em CS com indicadores de desempenho; identifica os posicionamentos das empresas; e quais posicionamentos estão associados com o melhor desempenho das empresas configuradas em CS. / Recent studies carried out on Supply Chains suggest that companies should manage, in a dynamic manner, the various types of supply chains in order to meet the different types of buying behavior of their customers. While some chains require quick, adaptable and distributed flows, others need steady and centralized frameworks. In this sense, the issue lies in the existence of an alignment between the framework proposed by Gattona in supply chains and which types of strategy combination provide better performance in supply chains. To carry out the study, supply chains of automotive companies in Brazil – representing those engaged in the chain governance - have been analyzed. The study is relevant, since the proposed approach is innovative and demonstrates how important it is for companies to meet the different needs of their clients by aligning supply chains to purchase profiles and to the dynamism of the market. By means of a survey, backed by quantitative information – through a questionnaire consisting of eight blocks of questions - this study proposes to examine the connection with multiple variables in order to examine if there is a relationship between the framework presented by the Generic Supply Chains` approach (Gattoma, 2009;2010) and five performance indicators. The study aims to examine which dimensions of Gattoma`s approach provide better performance to companies engaged in supply chains, by means of the dynamic alignment framework: market, business strategies, organizational culture and leadership style. As a result, the study presents a conceptual matrix relating strategies in the Supply Chain with performance indicators; identifies companies` positions and which positions are related to better performance by companies ranked as Supply chains.

Orientador: Fernando Sarti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T21:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Borghi_RobertoAlexandreZanchetta_M.pdf: 1505579 bytes, checksum: 4e1519112fc31e4e80f883e5e9394f41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: As transformações produtivas e financeiras verificadas no sistema econômico a partir das décadas de 1970 e 1980 apontam para um crescente papel das finanças na dinâmica das corporações. Nesse contexto, essa dissertação busca caracterizar o padrão de financiamento da indústria automobilística, sob a perspectiva da produção, do investimento (incluindo inovação) e da comercialização. Tomam-se como referencial teórico as contribuições de Keynes, Minsky, Kalecki e Schumpeter. A partir dos relatórios financeiros de importantes montadoras, analisam-se suas estruturas financeiras na década de 2000, procurando delinear semelhanças e diferenças entre os grupos (americanos, europeus e asiáticos). Destaca-se a atuação de seus braços financeiros, diretamente associados às vendas e ao desempenho das companhias, bem como dos fornecedores nas linhas de montagem. Ressalta-se a importância do crédito na dinâmica do setor, explicitada durante a recente crise econômica mediante a redução das vendas de veículos e o agravamento da situação prévia de fragilidade financeira de montadoras americanas / Abstract: Productive and financial changes observed in the economic system since the 1970s and 1980s point to an increasing role of finance in the corporations' logic. In this context, the thesis aims to characterize the finance pattern of automobile industry, from production, investment (including innovation) and commercialization perspectives. The theoretical approach is based on Keynes', Minsky's, Kalecki's and Schumpeter's contributions. Financial structures of important carmakers during the 2000s are analyzed using their financial reports. Similarities and differences between American, European and Asian groups are stressed. Both behaviors of their financial arms, directly related to sales and to companies' performance, and of suppliers in assembly lines are expressed. It is also emphasized the importance of credit to the sectoral dynamics, made explicit during the recent economic crisis by the decrease in auto sales and the aggravation of a previous situation of American carmakers' financial fragility / Mestrado / Teoria Economica / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

As baterias automotivas de chumbo-ácido são componentes, que em grande parte dos fabricantes de automóveis nacionais, estão garantidas (ou dentro do período de garantia) por um ano. Mesmo sendo um período considerado curto para garantia de um veículo nos dias atuais, a bateria tem uma contribuição expressiva para os custos de garantia nas empresas por este período. Com o intuito de conhecer a confiabilidade deste componente e verificar a influência do período de armazenagem do veículo produzido na confiabilidade da bateria, foi elaborado um estudo com dados coletados em campo por um determinado fabricante de automóveis de passeio. Os parâmetros de entrada destes dados são o tempo de pátio do veículo, o tempo em que uma falha na bateria foi detectada no período de um ano de garantia e a quantidade de falhas observadas no período. Os dados permitiram análises em função do tempo, de forma que pelo método de análise paramétrica foram traçadas as curvas de confiabilidade do produto representadas por uma distribuição de Weibull de dois parâmetros, bem como, da densidade de probabilidade de falha e ainda da taxa de falha. As análises forneceram uma estimativa da confiabilidade da bateria em função do tempo, da qual foi possível extrair algumas conclusões que serão descritas neste trabalho, tais como: o comportamento de falha por desgaste das baterias automotivas e a diminuição da confiabilidade de baterias de acordo com o tempo de pátio. / The guarantee for the automotive batteries at the majority of the national vehicle manufactures is given for 1 year. Even considering this as a short period actually, this component has an expressive contribution to the guarantee costs of the companies. With the intention to know the reliability of the automotive batteries and to evaluate the vehicle storage time influence, it was carried out a study case, which had as inputs collected data from a particular vehicle manufacturer. The selected input parameters for the analysis were the vehicle storage time, time to failure and the failures amount detected in a period of 1 year. This data provided information to analyze the time domain and, supported by the reliability parametric methods, estimate the reliability of the automotive batteries. The two parameter Weibull distribution is used to model the probability density function, the failure rate analysis and reliability providing information for the conclusion of this study, like the batteries behavior of failure by wear and the reliability decrease according to the storage time.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal, demonstrar como são escolhidos, implantados e utilizados os sistemas ERP pelas pequenas e médias empresas da cadeia de suprimentos das indústrias de autopeças de uma cidade do interior de São Paulo; corresponde a uma pesquisa de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo combinados sobre Sistemas ERP implantados ou em fase de implantação; foi realizado um amplo levantamento bibliográfico que aborda vários assuntos relacionados aos sistemas ERP, 24 empresas sindicalizadas foram visitadas, para a aplicação de um questionário que permitiu identificar várias características dos sistemas ERP nestas empresas, como conclusão do trabalho, observações foram feitas em relação à implantação, principalmente quanto a diferente realidade das industrias de pequeno e médio porte em relação a literatura encontrada, aos elementos tecnológicos, humanos, gerenciais e gerais do Sistema ERP, contemplando também sugestões para os próximos trabalhos na área como por exemplo, a evolução da literatura sobre ERP em três vertentes: Ciclo de vida dos sistemas ERP; papel a ser desempenhado dentro do contexto empresarial e a divisão da literatura em: Implantação, estrutura e assuntos complementares de sistemas ERP e modelos de sistemas ERP. Como a pesquisa segue a linha de raciocínio de outras pesquisa que não consideram o seguimento da organização, pode-se utilizar os resultados para outros seguimentos apenas garantindo que as empresas estudadas sejam de pequeno e médio porte. / The main goal of this dissertation, is to demonstrate how are chosen, implanted and used the ERP systems for the small and medium companies of the supply chain auto parts industry from a city outside region of São Paulo; corresponding a combination of qualitative and quantitative research about ERP System implanted or in process of implementation; it was used a large bibliography that contain various topics related to ERP systems, 24 companies that are members of union were visited, to apply a questionnaire, allowing the identification of several characteristics of ERP systems in those companies, as the conclusion of this dissertation, observations were made related to the implementation, mainly about the difference of the reality in the small and medium companies related with the literature found, with the technological elements, human, management and general of the ERP System, also containing suggestions for following researches, as an example, the evolution of the ERP literature in three main subjects: Lifecycle of ERP Systems, the function to be developed in business context and the division of the literature in: Implementation, structure and complementary subjects of ERP Systems and models of ERP Systems. As the research follow the same direction of other researches, that do not consider the segment of the organization, it is allowed to use the results to other segments, only with the guarantee that the companies are small or medium size.

No description available.

Global competition and rapid technological change have been the driving forces for a more flexible and competent workforce. Continuous employee training assists organisations to achieve their goals by adding value to their key resources, the human factor. The demand for a more qualified workforce becomes a strategic force in the effort to raise competitiveness. Providing, obtaining and improving the necessary skills are important in responding to a rapidly changing international economy. Life-long learning and continuous skills development are the new requirements imposed by our knowledgeintensive society. The overall purpose of the research was to determine the impact of multi-skilling training (MST) on the paintshop production environment and its employees at Volkswagen South Africa (VWSA). The objectives of this research were to: Identify the elements of multi-skilling training and guidelines for its development and implementation; Critically evaluate the current system; Determine the impact of multi-skilling training on the production environment in the paint shop at VWSA The research methodology for this study comprised the following steps: Firstly, the development and implementation of MST at Volkswagen South Africa was assessed. The elements of MST and its impact on production and the employee worldwide were determined through the literature study. Secondly, the limitations of the current MST system used in the paintshop at Volkswagen South Africa were assessed in an empirical study, which involved completing of questionnaires. The empirical study proved that the current MST system employed in the paintshop at Volkswagen South Africa had assisted in improving production, and increasing the employees’ morale. The final step of this study entailed the formulation of recommendations, which are as follows: · Sufficient time should be allocated for practical training. · Frequent job rotation must be implement ed. · Advanced MST must be implemented after completion of Level Four. · MST should be presented in English, Afrikaans and Xhosa.

This research addresses the problem of determining which managerial competencies first-line managers operating in a world class organisation should have. To achieve this objective a three-step method was followed. Firstly, an approach had to be found for the assessment of managerial competencies at the selected organisation involved in the research project. A comprehensive literature survey was conducted in an attempt to establish an approach and identify management competencies for first-line managers. Secondly, the recognition of prior learning (RPL) approaches appropriate to first-line managers were investigated and synthesized with the managerial competence approach of step one. Finally, the managerial competencies were assessed utilising the matrix of managerial competence instrument developed in accordance with the findings of the research. The information obtained from the literature study and from the candidates who were assessed resulted in various findings and recommendations. Using the matrix of managerial competence instrument, it was found that the majority of first-line managers at the organisation were competent. Notwithstanding this finding, a major recommendation is that the organisation should become more future and development orientated in its training strategy. Finally, the research project has created the foundation for the development of a managerial competency model at the selected organisation. Findings of the literature survey and development of the RPL instrument provide guidelines for future RPL initiatives, both at the selected organisation and at the Port Elizabeth Technikon.

Logistics has become one of the automotive industry's most crucial sub-sectors. Previously, logistics had to step aside to make way for production considerations. Today it is regarded as being every bit as crucial as production in the global village. Advancement of logistics in South Africa is crucial because original equipment manufacturers are producing to developed world standards but are having to cope with low developing world logistics standards. The logistics processes that need to be enhanced in order for the South African automotive industry to be more competitive were investigated. To examine the main problem, three sub-problems were identified. The first sub-problem that has been identified dealt with logistics processes that will enhance the competitive advantage of the South African automotive industry. The second sub-problems looked at key logistics opportunities and threats to the environment in which South African motor manufactures trade. They were investigated by assessing the nature of the South African motor manufacturing industry. Finally, the third sub-problem investigated conclusions that can be arrived at concerning the appropriateness and strategic value of the analysis.

The study as detailed in this report is performed in the South African (SA) automotive industry and is aimed at outlining key management elements to be focussed on in order to improve and ensure sustainable continuous improvement initiatives in the form of Lean Manufacturing implementation efforts within a paint shop environment. The organisation being researched is located in Uitenhage which is situated just outside Port Elizabeth (PE) in SA. It is an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) for passenger vehicles and supplies vehicles for both the local and international markets. Further, as part of their business strategy, the organisation also manufactures and supplies automotive parts to the local and international markets. In this study, emphasis will be placed on issues which need to be addressed in order to effectively sustain continuous improvement initiatives in the form of Lean Manufacturing implementation being pursued within the organisation.