Objetivo: Demostrar si existen diferencias en la morbi-mortalidad entre los pacientes con trauma abdominal abierto por arma de fuego con lesión de intestino delgado sola y los que tengan lesiones asociadas a otros órganos abdominales. Metodología: Estudio de cohorte. Se seleccionó pacientes con traumatismo abdominal abierto por arma de fuego, dividiéndolos en Grupo 1: lesión de intestino delgado aislada y Grupo 2: lesión en intestino delgado y lesión de otro órgano intra-abdominal agregada. Las variables estudiadas fueron edad, género, tipo de lesión, órgano intra-abdominal lesionado, complicaciones y mortalidad. Resultados: Se incluyeron 62 pacientes (M: 60, F: 2) con lesión en intestino delgado, edad promedio de 26.9 años. Grupo 1: 24 pacientes, Grupo 2: 38 pacientes. La lesión agregada más común fue en intestino grueso. La comparación de las complicaciones entre los grupos tuvo diferencias significativas (p<0.05), 33.3% vs 68.4% para el grupo 1 y el grupo 2, respectivamente. La mortalidad fue de 0% para el grupo 1 y de 18.4% para el grupo 2, con un p<0.05. Conclusiones: Traumas abdominales abiertos por arma de fuego con lesión a intestino delgado más lesión asociada a órgano intra-abdominal incrementan la morbilidad y mortalidad.

Introdução: Durante a inspiração, o diafragma contrai e abaixa o centro frênico aumentando o diâmetro vertical do tórax. Entretanto, o conteúdo abdominal impede a excursão diafragmática. Os músculos abdominais funcionam como uma cinta segurando as vísceras abdominais, ajudando a o diafragma a aumentar a pressão intra-abdominal. Na expiração forçada, os músculos abdominais contraem e comprimem o abdômen elevando o diafragma. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da compressão abdominal com faixa, até diminuir de -10% e -15% da circunferência abdominal inicial, avaliando a freqüência respiratória (FR),volume corrente (VC), capacidade vital forçada (CVF), pressão inspiratória máxima (PImax) e pressão expiratória máxima (PEmax) em voluntários normais. Métodos: Foram avaliados 26 voluntários normais, idade média de 24 anos ? 4anos, 14 mulheres e 12 homens, em respiração espontânea foram submetidos à medida da circunferência abdominal. Foram medidos também FR, VC, CVF, Pimax e PEmax. Depois, repetimos as medidas após a compressão abdominal com -10% e -15% da circunferência de base. Depois, retiramos a faixa compressiva e medimos novamente os parâmetros. Resultados: Com compressão de -10%, houve diminuição do VC de 517 mL 456,86 mL (p < 0,005) e Pimax de -111cmH20 para -96 cmH20 (p < 0,005). Após a compressão de -15%, além da diminuição dos parâmetros anteriores, observamos também a diminuição da PEmax de 120 cmH20 para 100 cmH20 (p < 0,005). Após a retirada da faixa, os valores voltaram próximos aos iniciais. Conclusão: A compressão abdominal de -10 e -15% com faixa diminui o VC, PImax e PEmax (a última apenas com -15%) e não afeta a FR e a CVF / Background: During the inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and pulls down the central tendon and rises the vertical thoracic diameter. However, the abdominal container resistance forbids the diaphragmatic excursion. The abdominal organs are contained by a strong muscle binder that helps the diaphragm increasing the intra-abdominal pressure, allowing the inferior rib cage to go upward. In deep expiration, strong contractions of abdominal muscles constrict and compress the abdomen, helping to elevate the relaxing diaphragm. Objectives: To analyse the effects of -10% and -15% of the baseline abdominal circumference compression with a band in the respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), forced vital capacity (FVC) and maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory pressures (MEP) in normal volunteers. Methods: Twenty six normal volunteers, mean age of 24 ? 4 years, 14 female and 12 male, in spontaneous breathing were submitted to abdominal circunference measurement. Thereafter, we obtained their RR, TV, FVC, MIP and MEP. Then, we repeated the measures after compression of abdomen using an external band to achieve - 10% and - 15% of the basal abdominal circumference. Then, we took out the band and measured the respiratory parameters again. Results: With -10% abdominal compression, TV decreased from 517 mL to 456,86 mL (p < 0,005) and MIP decreased from -111 cmH20 to -96 cmH20 (p < 0,005). Then, after -15% abdominal compression, we could observe a decrease in MEP: 120 cmH20 to 100 cmH20 (p < 0,005). After taking out the band, the respiratory parameters returned next to the basal measurements. Conclusion: The abdominal compression of -10% and -15% with an external band decreased TV, MIP and MEP (the last one only with - 15% compression) and didn\'t affect RR and FVC.

Orientador: João Moreira da Costa Neto / Coorientador: Newton nunes / Banca: Gustavo Garkalns de Souza Oliveira / Banca: Sheila Canevese Rahal / Banca: Márcia Rita Fernandes Machado / Banca: Antônio Carlos Alessi / Resumo: Das inúmeras enfermidades que afligem os homens e os animais, as hérnias da parede abdominal são conhecidas desde a antiguidade. Embora não tenha técnica cirúrgica ideal ou estudo que validem um procedimento cirúrgico sobre os demais, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o comportamento da tela de polipropileno e da membrana de submucosa de intestino delgado de suíno na reparação de falhas na parede abdominal de ratos. Os 48 animais foram distribuídos em dois grandes grupos. No primeiro grupo, os animais foram distribuídos em dois subgrupos com quatro grupos experimentais de quatro animais cada, correspondentes aos tempos de observação do pós-operatório para as membranas de polipropileno (PP) e de submucosa de intestino de suíno (SIS) (7, 15, 30 e 45 dias) e onde foram feitas as avaliações clínico-cirúrgica, clínica macroscópica post mortem, histopatológica e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. No segundo grupo, mais dois subgrupos de 30 e 45 dias com quatro animais cada, para cada biomaterial para avaliação tensiométrica. Dos dois grupos, ambos apresentaram aderências sobre o material. No teste de pressão, a tela de PP mostrou-se mais resistente aos 30 dias de observação, já que a tela SIS apresentou ruptura na região de sutura. Ambos os grupos apresentaram reação inflamatória, sendo que no grupo SIS a reação foi menor e com resolução mais rápida. A presença de colágeno foi vista nos dois grupos com predominância do colágeno tipo I e no grupo SIS foi encontrado em maior quantidade desde o início do experimento e a organização do tecido foi maior na tela de SIS. Conclui-se que as duas telas são biocompatíveis; não há superioridade de nenhum dos materiais e sugeriu-se a união das duas telas para novos trabalhos / Abstract: Of the many diseases that afflict humans and animals, the abdominal wall hernias are known since antiquity. There being no ideal surgical technique or study to validate a surgical procedure on the other, the objective of this work is to evaluate the behavior of the polypropylene mesh and the membrane of porcine small intestinal submucosa in repairing faults in the abdominal wall of rats. The 48 animals were divided into two groups. The first group, the animals were divided into two subgroups with four groups of four animals each, corresponding to observation times postoperatively for membranes made of polypropylene (PP) and porcine intestinal submucosa (SIS) (7, 15, 30 and 45 days) were made and where the clinical- surgical evaluations, macroscopic clinical post mortem, histomorphometric and scanning electron microscopy. The second large group, two subgroups of 30 and 45 days with four animals each, for each biomaterial for strain evaluation. Of the two groups, both showed adhesions on the material. In the pressure test, the screen PP has proved more resistant after 30 days of observation, since the SIS mesh showed burst in the region of the suture. Both groups showed an inflammatory reaction, and the reaction in the SIS group was smaller and quicker resolution. The presence of collagen was seen in both groups with a predominance of type I collagen and SIS group was found in larger quantities since the beginning of the experiment. And the organization of the tissue was higher in the SIS screen. Concluding that the two screens are biocompatible, showing no superiority of any of the materials and suggesting the union of two screens for new jobs / Doutor

The fruit fly Drosophila exhibits robust daily behavioral rhythms, which are driven by a network of circadian pacemaker neurons in the fly brain. The Narrow Abdomen (NA) sodium leak channel functions rhythmically in pacemaker neurons, downstream of the molecular circadian clock, to depolarize resting membrane potential and promote neuronal excitability. Loss of NA function (NA-LOF) strongly disrupts behavioral rhythms, and these behavioral phenotypes are consistent with decreased circadian neuronal activity. Yet despite some recent advances, the mechanisms of NA channel function and regulation in the circadian system are still not well understood. To further elucidate the role of the NA channel in the circadian neuronal network, we generated mutated versions of the NA transgene and assessed the effects of transgene expression in Drosophila circadian pacemaker neurons. Expression of a putative gain of function na transgene (na-GOF) in pacemaker neurons generates unique behavioral phenotypes, suggesting novel effects on neuronal excitability or/and the molecular circadian clock. Next, we investigated how NA-LOF and NA-GOF mutations affect circadian neuron activity through optical recording of fluorescent voltage and calcium sensors expressed in these neurons. Using the fluorescent voltage sensor ArcLight, we find that both NA-LOF and NA-GOF manipulations suppress spontaneous membrane activity in clock neurons in the Drosophila brain. This finding was surprising because the behavioral effects of NA-LOF and NA-GOF are quite distinct. However, the information provided from these spontaneous assays may be a combination of neuronal input and output, and in some cases information is combined from multiple cells. To further characterize the neurophysiological effects of NA channel manipulation, we next paired optical recording with pharmacology in brain explants. Here we find that both wild-type and NA-LOF DN1p clock neurons are strongly depolarized by the acetylcholine receptor agonist nicotine, while NA-GOF neurons show little response. This suggests that NA-GOF expression already depolarizes the membrane potential of these neurons. We also assessed intracellular calcium levels in the DN1p clock cells after applying the inhibitory neurotransmitter glutamate at either morning (peak) or evening (trough) timepoints. We find that wild-type DN1p neurons show a strong decrease in calcium at the peak timepoint and a much smaller decrease at the trough. In contrast, NA-GOF DN1p neurons show decreases at both timepoints, indicating that they have elevated calcium levels (and elevated activity) at the trough time. Through immunostaining, we find that NA-GOF expression alters the core clock protein PERIOD levels in sLNv and LNd neurons during early day. Taken together, this study shows that overexpression of NA-GOF ion channel in Drosophila pacemaker neurons induce unique behavioral phenotypes, likely by depolarizing membrane potential and increasing neuronal activity. We propose that these changes in neuronal activity may feedback to alter the oscillation of molecular clocks. While these transgenic studies have been informative, we have also established gene-editing methods in order to distinguish the effects of gene mutation from effects of overexpression. We have used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to target the endogenous na locus. In the initial step, we replaced na exons 1-13 with a fluorescent marker flanked by attP integration sites. Through subsequent integrase-mediated recombination, we hope to generate a series of na mutations of interest, including gain-of-function mutations, for future studies.

During centrally orchestrated movements, the nervous system must distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate reflexes. I studied local postural flexion reflexes of the crayfish that are evoked by unexpected touch. An isolated abdomen was used which permitted recording and stimulating of tailfan afferents, nerve cord interneurons, and postural motor neurons. Stimulation of the afferents evoked a postural flexion response of the medium tonic and large phasic motor neurons of the superficial flexor nerve; a flexion motor program was then excited by stimulating descending interneurons. Afferent stimulation evoked a smaller motor response during the motor program than before or after. These results indicate that the postural reflex responses to sensory stimulation are inhibited at a site presynaptic to the motor neurons during the flexion motor program. Application of Picrotoxin (blocked inhibition) to the primary afferent-to-mechanosensory interneuron synapse did not prevent the modulation of the postural flexion reflex during the flexion motor program.

Thèse d'exercice : Médecine. Gynécologie obstétrique : Paris 12 : 2005. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. f. 115-120.

Reproduction de : Thèse d' exercice : Médecine générale : Nancy 1 : 2002. / Thèse : 2002NAN11059. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

Thesis (M.Phil.) - University of Queensland, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2005. / Title from PDF title page screen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-100)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:19:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 geller_ff_me_botfmvz.pdf: 3538341 bytes, checksum: 405b2f41489e8f8a15293e95ec501cd7 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O linfoma canino é uma das neoplasias mais frequentes na medicina veterinária e podendo acometer vários órgãos, tanto linfonodos superficiais como profundos, bem como o baço, fígado, tonsilas, medula óssea, podendo ainda apresentar massas tumorais nos pulmões e coração. O exame ultrassonográfico tem grande importância na detecção das alterações que essa doença produz. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações ultrassonográficas dos órgãos abdominais em animais com diagnóstico citológico de linfoma pela citologia, bem como agrupar os padrões de imagem a elas relacionados. Foram reavaliadas as imagens ultrasssonográficas abdominais de 70 cães com diagnóstico de linfoma, assim como os seus exames laboratoriais e suas características. Dos animais analisados, houve predomínio de cães sem raça definida, sem predileção por sexo, com ampla variação de peso e de faixa etária de 4 a 11 anos, e presença de elevação da fosfatase alcalina. Das alterações ultrassonográficas podemos salientar o maior envolvimento dos linfonodos ilíacos mediais, 54,2% hepatomegalia e 51,4% de esplenomegalia. Dos animais que foram submetidos à citologia dos linfonodos superficiais, 64 cães apresentavam alterações ultrassonográficas compatíveis com linfoma hepático, enquanto que 55 cães apresentavam alterações ultrassonográficas compatíveis com linfoma esplênico. Destes 82,8% apresentaram alterações ultrassonográficas difusas no fígado e 54,5% tinham a aparência ultrassonográfica normal no baço. Diante dos resultados apresentados, podemos concluir que o linfoma canino é uma doença complexa e que necessita de vários exames complementares para o correto diagnóstico e prognóstico da doença. Assim, o exame ultrassonográfico, em conjunto com a avaliação citologia ou histologia dos órgãos acometidos... / Canine lymphoma is one of the most frequent cancer in veterinary medicine and it can affect many organs, such as superficial and deep lymph nodes, and organs like the liver, spleen, tonsils, bone marrow, it may also make tumor masses in the lungs and heart. The ultrasound examination is a valuable procedure to diagnose the lesions produced by this disease. This study aimed to evaluate the ultrasonographic alterations of the abdominal organs in animals with cytologic diagnosis of lymphoma by and to assembly image patterns related to them. We reviewed the abdominal ultrasonographic images of 70 dogs diagnosed with lymphoma, as well as their laboratory and their clinic history. There was a predominance of mixed breed dogs with no gender preference, wide variation between the weight, age ranged 4 to 11 years, and with a predominant elevation of alkaline phosphatase. It was observed a frequently involvement of the medial iliac lymph nodes, hepatomegaly (54.2%) and splenomegaly (51,4%). Of the animals that were submitted to the cytology of superficial lymph nodes, 64 dogs had ultrasound changes consistent with hepatic lymphoma, whereas 55 dogs had ultrasound changes consistent with splenic lymphoma. Of these 82.8% had ultrasound changes in diffuse liver and 54.5% had a normal ultrasound appearance in the spleen. Considering the results presented we can conclude that the canine lymphoma is a complex disease and requires several laboratory tests for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. So the ultrasound examination in association with cytology or histological assessment of the lesions, can provide information of the involved organs and assist in the staging and prognosis of the treatment of sick animals.