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Objetivo: Determinar se o implante de uma determinada lente intraocular asférica resulta em redução das aberrações oculares e melhora da qualidade ótica e sensibilidade ao contraste sem que ocorra redução critica da profundidade de foco. Desenho: Estudo prospectivo, duplo-cego, randomizado. Métodos: Este estudo que incluiu 25 pacientes com catarata bilateral, uma LIO asférica foi implantada em um olho e uma LIO esférica no olho contralateral. Aberrações de maior ordem e parâmetros de qualidade ótica foram obtidos através de aberrômetro de retinoscopia dinâmica, 1 e 3 meses apos a cirurgia. Foi também medido a acuidade visual com e sem correção e a sensibilidade ao contraste. Acuidade visual para perto e distancia intermediaria foi obtida como forma de medida da profundidade de foco. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos para acuidade visual corrigida e não corrigida 1 e 3 meses apos a cirurgia. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos quanto a sensibilidade ao contraste sob condições fotópticas na frequência espacial de 12 ciclos por grau e sob condições mesópicas em todas as frequências espaciais estudadas. O grupo com a LIO Akreos AO obteve menores valores de aberrações de maior ordem totais e de aberração esférica com pupilas de 5 e 6 mm e melhores valores de qualidade ótica comparado ao grupo com LIO Akreos Fit (p <0.05). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quando se investigou visão de perto e intermediaria corrigido para longe. Conclusões: A LIO asférica Akreos AO induziu menos aberrações de maior ordem além de produzir melhores parâmetros de qualidade ótica com melhores resultados de sensibilidade ao contraste em condições mesópicas sem redução critica de profundidade de foco quando comparado a LIO esférica Akreos Fit. / PURPOSE: To determine whether implantation of an aspherical intraocular lens (IOL) results in reduced ocular aberrations and improved optical quality and contrast sensitivity after cataract surgery without critical reduction of depth of focus. DESIGN: Double-blinded, randomized, prospective study. METHODS: In an intraindividual study of 25 patients with bilateral cataract, an aspherical IOL (Akreos Advanced Optic [AO]; Bausch & Lomb, Inc., Rochester, New York, USA) was implanted in one eye and a spherical IOL (Akreos Fit; Bausch & Lomb, Inc) in the fellow eye. Higher-order aberrations with a 5- and 6-mm pupil and optical quality parameters were measured with a dynamic retinoscopy aberrometer at 1 and 3 months after surgery. Uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity and contrast sensitivity under mesopic and photopic conditions also were measured. Distancecorrected near and intermediate visual acuity were studied as a measurement of depth of focus. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between eyes in uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity at 1 and 3 months after surgery. There was a statistically significant between-group difference in contrast sensitivity under photopic conditions at 12 cycles per degree and under mesopic conditions at all spatial frequencies. The Akreos AO group obtained statistically significant lower values of higher-order aberrations and spherical aberration with 5- and 6-mm pupils and better optical quality parameters compared with the Akreos Fit group (P < .05). There was no significant difference in distance-corrected near and intermediate visual acuity between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Aspherical aberration-free Akreos AO IOL induced significantly less higher-order aberrations and spherical aberration than the Akreos Fit. Contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions and optical quality parameters were better with the Akreos AO with similar results of depth of focus.

Objetivo: Determinar se o implante de uma determinada lente intraocular asférica resulta em redução das aberrações oculares e melhora da qualidade ótica e sensibilidade ao contraste sem que ocorra redução critica da profundidade de foco. Desenho: Estudo prospectivo, duplo-cego, randomizado. Métodos: Este estudo que incluiu 25 pacientes com catarata bilateral, uma LIO asférica foi implantada em um olho e uma LIO esférica no olho contralateral. Aberrações de maior ordem e parâmetros de qualidade ótica foram obtidos através de aberrômetro de retinoscopia dinâmica, 1 e 3 meses apos a cirurgia. Foi também medido a acuidade visual com e sem correção e a sensibilidade ao contraste. Acuidade visual para perto e distancia intermediaria foi obtida como forma de medida da profundidade de foco. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos para acuidade visual corrigida e não corrigida 1 e 3 meses apos a cirurgia. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos quanto a sensibilidade ao contraste sob condições fotópticas na frequência espacial de 12 ciclos por grau e sob condições mesópicas em todas as frequências espaciais estudadas. O grupo com a LIO Akreos AO obteve menores valores de aberrações de maior ordem totais e de aberração esférica com pupilas de 5 e 6 mm e melhores valores de qualidade ótica comparado ao grupo com LIO Akreos Fit (p <0.05). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quando se investigou visão de perto e intermediaria corrigido para longe. Conclusões: A LIO asférica Akreos AO induziu menos aberrações de maior ordem além de produzir melhores parâmetros de qualidade ótica com melhores resultados de sensibilidade ao contraste em condições mesópicas sem redução critica de profundidade de foco quando comparado a LIO esférica Akreos Fit. / PURPOSE: To determine whether implantation of an aspherical intraocular lens (IOL) results in reduced ocular aberrations and improved optical quality and contrast sensitivity after cataract surgery without critical reduction of depth of focus. DESIGN: Double-blinded, randomized, prospective study. METHODS: In an intraindividual study of 25 patients with bilateral cataract, an aspherical IOL (Akreos Advanced Optic [AO]; Bausch & Lomb, Inc., Rochester, New York, USA) was implanted in one eye and a spherical IOL (Akreos Fit; Bausch & Lomb, Inc) in the fellow eye. Higher-order aberrations with a 5- and 6-mm pupil and optical quality parameters were measured with a dynamic retinoscopy aberrometer at 1 and 3 months after surgery. Uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity and contrast sensitivity under mesopic and photopic conditions also were measured. Distancecorrected near and intermediate visual acuity were studied as a measurement of depth of focus. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between eyes in uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity at 1 and 3 months after surgery. There was a statistically significant between-group difference in contrast sensitivity under photopic conditions at 12 cycles per degree and under mesopic conditions at all spatial frequencies. The Akreos AO group obtained statistically significant lower values of higher-order aberrations and spherical aberration with 5- and 6-mm pupils and better optical quality parameters compared with the Akreos Fit group (P < .05). There was no significant difference in distance-corrected near and intermediate visual acuity between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Aspherical aberration-free Akreos AO IOL induced significantly less higher-order aberrations and spherical aberration than the Akreos Fit. Contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions and optical quality parameters were better with the Akreos AO with similar results of depth of focus.

Aberrations affect image quality of the eye away from the line of sight as well as along it. High amounts of lower order aberrations are found in the peripheral visual field and higher order aberrations change away from the centre of the visual field. Peripheral resolution is poorer than that in central vision, but peripheral vision is important for movement and detection tasks (for example driving) which are adversely affected by poor peripheral image quality. Any physiological process or intervention that affects axial image quality will affect peripheral image quality as well. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of accommodation, myopia, age, and refractive interventions of orthokeratology, laser in situ keratomileusis and intraocular lens implantation on the peripheral aberrations of the eye. This is the first systematic investigation of peripheral aberrations in a variety of subject groups. Peripheral aberrations can be measured either by rotating a measuring instrument relative to the eye or rotating the eye relative to the instrument. I used the latter as it is much easier to do. To rule out effects of eye rotation on peripheral aberrations, I investigated the effects of eye rotation on axial and peripheral cycloplegic refraction using an open field autorefractor. For axial refraction, the subjects fixated at a target straight ahead, while their heads were rotated by ±30º with a compensatory eye rotation to view the target. For peripheral refraction, the subjects rotated their eyes to fixate on targets out to ±34° along the horizontal visual field, followed by measurements in which they rotated their heads such that the eyes stayed in the primary position relative to the head while fixating at the peripheral targets. Oblique viewing did not affect axial or peripheral refraction. Therefore it is not critical, within the range of viewing angles studied, if axial and peripheral refractions are measured with rotation of the eye relative to the instrument or rotation of the instrument relative to the eye. Peripheral aberrations were measured using a commercial Hartmann-Shack aberrometer. A number of hardware and software changes were made. The 1.4 mm range limiting aperture was replaced by a larger aperture (2.5 mm) to ensure all the light from peripheral parts of the pupil reached the instrument detector even when aberrations were high such as those occur in peripheral vision. The power of the super luminescent diode source was increased to improve detection of spots passing through the peripheral pupil. A beam splitter was placed between the subjects and the aberrometer, through which they viewed an array of targets on a wall or projected on a screen in a 6 row x 7 column matrix of points covering a visual field of 42 x 32. In peripheral vision, the pupil of the eye appears elliptical rather than circular; data were analysed off-line using custom software to determine peripheral aberrations. All analyses in the study were conducted for 5.0 mm pupils. Influence of accommodation on peripheral aberrations was investigated in young emmetropic subjects by presenting fixation targets at 25 cm and 3 m (4.0 D and 0.3 D accommodative demands, respectively). Increase in accommodation did not affect the patterns of any aberrations across the field, but there was overall negative shift in spherical aberration across the visual field of 0.10 ± 0.01m. Subsequent studies were conducted with the targets at a 1.2 m distance. Young emmetropes, young myopes and older emmetropes exhibited similar patterns of astigmatism and coma across the visual field. However, the rate of change of coma across the field was higher in young myopes than young emmetropes and was highest in older emmetropes amongst the three groups. Spherical aberration showed an overall decrease in myopes and increase in older emmetropes across the field, as compared to young emmetropes. Orthokeratology, spherical IOL implantation and LASIK altered peripheral higher order aberrations considerably, especially spherical aberration. Spherical IOL implantation resulted in an overall increase in spherical aberration across the field. Orthokeratology and LASIK reversed the direction of change in coma across the field. Orthokeratology corrected peripheral relative hypermetropia through correcting myopia in the central visual field. Theoretical ray tracing demonstrated that changes in aberrations due to orthokeratology and LASIK can be explained by the induced changes in radius of curvature and asphericity of the cornea. This investigation has shown that peripheral aberrations can be measured with reasonable accuracy with eye rotation relative to the instrument. Peripheral aberrations are affected by accommodation, myopia, age, orthokeratology, spherical intraocular lens implantation and laser in situ keratomileusis. These factors affect the magnitudes and patterns of most aberrations considerably (especially coma and spherical aberration) across the studied visual field. The changes in aberrations across the field may influence peripheral detection and motion perception. However, further research is required to investigate how the changes in aberrations influence peripheral detection and motion perception and consequently peripheral vision task performance.

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