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Physiological and proteomic analysis of soybean in response to drought and heat stressKaur, Amandeep 12 May 2023 (has links) (PDF)
Drought and temperature stress are the two most important factors limiting crop productivity. A physiological and proteomic analysis of soybean was performed to investigate the negative impact of these variables. The previous studies reported the beneficial effect of silicon under stress conditions. Silicon supplementation may promote plant growth under drought stress, although the mechanism to alleviate drought stress is uncertain. The proteomic analysis of chloroplast proteins was carried out to study the response of silicon supplementation under drought stress.
Similarly, temperature stress, mainly heat stress, has an adverse effect on soybean plants. The comparative analysis of two soybean cultivars, DS25-1 and DS31-243 was examined under ambient and elevated CO2 levels. The proteomic study employed two-dimensional gel analysis and mass spectrometry techniques to identify differentially expressed proteins under drought and temperature stress. The identified proteins are involved in metabolic processes, photosynthesis, signaling, redox homeostasis, and other cellular pathways. Most of these proteins were involved in metabolism, response to heat and photosynthesis showing significant cross-tolerance mechanisms.
The physiological parameters like stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll pigments were also studied. Silicon application improved plant growth under drought stress. However, at the elevated CO2 level, plants showed better growth under heat stress.
Together, these findings suggested the role of silicon and elevated CO2 concentration in drought and temperature stress in soybean. The differentially expressed proteins helped mitigate the negative impact of these stress, mainly the photosynthetic, antioxidant and heat shock proteins, and enhance crop growth and productivity under drought and heat stress.
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Vliv abiotických elicitorů na obsah sekundárních metabolitů v in vitro kulturách rostlin - I. / The effect of abiotic elicitors on secondary metabolites content in plant cultures in vitro - I.Teplá, Klára January 2021 (has links)
Plants are a source of a wide range of secondary substances, which due to their effects find use in many areas of focus. By a method called elicitation, we can achieve their higher and thus more efficient production. This diploma thesis aimed to determine whether the abiotic elicitor 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)acetamide can positively affect the production of the flavonoid hyperoside in callus and suspension culture of Hypericum perforatum L. The elicitor was added to the in vitro cultures in three concentrations: C1 = 3,571.10-3 mol/l; C2 = 3,571.10-4 mol/l and C3 = 3,571.10-5 mol/l. A sample was taken at regular intervals after 6, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours of elicitor treatment. Control samples were taken after 24 and 168 hours. The content of hyperoside produced was subsequently determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Simultaneously, the amount of hyperoside released into the nutrient media of both plant cultures was also monitored. Maximum hyperoside production was recorded in suspension culture after 6 (17,7 µg/g DW) and 48 hours (3,69 µg/g DW) of elicitor treatment with the lowest concentration of C3 (3,571.10-5 mol/l). The content of hyperoside in the first case was 1770 % higher compared to the control sample. There was a significant release of hyperoside...
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Characterize the role of tobacco deacetylase enzyme SIP-428 in mediating environmental stressBarati, Zahra, Kumar, Dhirendra N/A 25 April 2023 (has links)
Global climate change is identified as a major threat to the survival of natural ecosystems. The variations in global climate have gained the attention of researchers worldwide, as these changes negatively affect agriculture by reducing crop productivity and food security. Projects related to abiotic stress tolerance are significant because they address important challenges facing agriculture and food security, contribute to more sustainable agricultural practices, and advance our understanding of fundamental plant biology. Some plants have defense mechanisms that are activated upon receiving stress stimuli to increase systemic tolerance to abiotic stresses such as heat, light, and cold. Salicylic acid-binding protein 2 (SABP2) from tobacco exhibits a high affinity for salicylic acid (SA) and is an important component in the SA-signaling pathway. SABP2 interacts with other cellular proteins to initiate downstream signaling and activate responses leading to resistance. Several SABP2-interacting proteins (SIP), including SIP-428, have been identified. The main goal of this proposed research is to determine the role of SIP-428 in mediating environmental stresses.
SIP-428 is a SIR2-type non-histone deacetylase enzyme. De/acetylation is a common post-translational modification of proteins in eukaryotes. Since SIP-428 is a SABP2-interacting protein, it is involved in plant immune signaling. To determine the role of SIP-428 in plant physiology, it was biochemically characterized, and transgenic tobacco plants silenced in SIP-428 expression were previously generated and analyzed. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing SIP-428 were also generated. These lines expressed SIP428 at higher levels upon treatment with estradiol. Transgenic tobacco that overexpresses SIP-428 has been used in this study. To test the role of SIP428 in abiotic stress, the transgenic plants will be treated with abiotic stress-inducing chemicals, e.g. NaCl (salinity stress), mannitol (osmotic stress), and PEG6000 (drought stress). The treated seedlings will be allowed to grow for a specific time (1-2 weeks). The expression of SIP-428 will be monitored by western blotting (using anti-myc antibodies). The effects of SIP-428 expression on abiotic stress tolerance will be investigated biochemically by examining the activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Additionally, gene expression analysis will also be conducted to determine the expression of antioxidant genes.
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Physiological and Metabolic Responses of Thellungiella salsuginea to Osmotic StressGuevara, David 02 1900 (has links)
<p> Abiotic stresses such as extreme temperatures, drought and high salinity severely compromise plant productivity, and have placed selective pressure for the acquisition of traits enabling plants to adjust to and recover from these unfavorable environmental conditions. Thellungiella salsuginea is a plant that is native to highly saline and semiarid environments and exhibits an exceptional ability to tolerate abiotic stress. In this thesis, I report on laboratory and field studies aimed at identifying traits that allow Thellungiella to tolerate harsh environmental conditions. It was found that Thellungiella accumulates organic solutes in response to abiotic stress. Transcript and metabolite profiling approaches were used to identify metabolic pathways important for the accumulation of compatible organic solutes in Thellungiella in response to sub-optimal environmental conditions. The relative abundance of transcripts encoding enzymes associated with the biosynthesis of compatible organic solutes such as proline or galactinol showed stress-responsive increases in cabinet-grown material and these metabolites were accumulated in salt or drought treated plants, respectively. However, proline and galactinol were found to be of low relative abundance in leaves of field plants. In contrast, several carbohydrates including sucrose, glucose, and fructose made a greater relative contribution to the field plant profiles suggesting that carbohydrates play an important role in plant abiotic stress tolerance during growth under field conditions. The identification of stress-specific metabolic changes can be used to identify important biochemical traits underlying environmental stress tolerance in Thellungiella. This information can be used to improve the tolerance of stress -sensitive crops (including a related crucifer species, canola) that are grown in areas where persistent droughts, saline soils and early or late frosts frequently occur. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Abiotic Transformation of Estrogens in WastewaterMarfil Vega, Ruth January 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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Characterization of the Role of Tobacco Deacetylase Enzyme SIP-428 in Mediating Environmental StressBarati, Zahra 01 May 2024 (has links) (PDF)
Abiotic stress poses a significant threat to crop productivity and food security. In this study, we focused on understanding the role of SIP-428, a SABP2-interacting protein, in mediating plant responses to environmental stresses. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing SIP-428 were subjected to salinity and drought stress. The overexpression of SIP-428 led to diminished growth under both stress conditions, indicating a negative impact on stress tolerance. Specifically, SIP-428 overexpression resulted in a reduction in catalase activity, while peroxidase activity remained unaffected. These findings suggest that SIP-428 plays a negative regulatory role on the catalase activity during abiotic stress, which may contribute to the susceptibility of plants to such stresses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying SIP-428's role in stress responses could potentially lead to strategies for enhancing stress tolerance in crops, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
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Expressão de genes WRKY e alterações morfológicas em arroz sob estresse por submergência / Expression of genes WRKY and morphological alterations in rice under stress by submergenceViana, Vivian Ebeling 28 February 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / O crescimento populacional mundial tem contribuído para uma maior demanda
de arroz, enquanto que alterações ambientais, causadas pelo homem,
contribuem com o aumento da frequência de precipitações. Estas condições
formam um ambiente de hipoxia, e restringem a produção do arroz. Frente a isso
as plantas respondem com adaptações morfológicas e alterações em nível
molecular. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos
morfológicos e anatômicos em cultivares de arroz Oryza sativa L. submetidas a
hipoxia e verificar o perfil de expressão dos genes de regulação complexa e
simples de fatores de transcrição WRKY envolvidos na resposta ao estresse por
hipoxia. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que ocorre alterações
morfológicas e anatômicas nas cultivares de arroz irrigado quando submetidas
ao estresse por hipoxia, principalmente no sistema radicular. Ainda, o
aerênquima é mais desenvolvido nas cultivares Epagri 108 e Nipponbare quando
submetidas ao estresse por hipoxia. No estudo de expressão gênica através da
técnica de qRT-PCR, foi possível observar que os genes WRKY responderam
ao estresse por hipoxia, mas não foi possível, para este estresse, verificar uma
diferença entre a resposta do perfil de expressão dos genes de regulação
simples e complexa em plântulas de arroz sob estresse por hipoxia. / The growth of the world’s population has contributed for a greater demand of rice
while environmental alterations caused by men contribute to an increase of
rainfall. This conditions create a hypoxia environment and restrict the production
of rice. Under these conditions, plants with morphological adaptations and
alterations in molecular level. Thus, this work had as its objective to evaluate the
morphological and anatomical effects in rice cultivars Oryza sativa L. submitted
to hypoxia and to verify the expression profile of genes of complex and simple
regulation of WRKY transcription factors involved in the response of stress by
hypoxia. The results obtained demonstrated that morphological and anatomical
alterations occur in cultivars of irrigated rice when submitted to stress by hypoxia,
manly in their root system. Furthermore, the aerenchyma is more developed in
the cultivars Epagri 108 and Nipponbare when submitted to stress by hypoxia. In
the study of genic expression through the qRT-PCR technique, it was possible to
observe that the WRKY genes responded to stress by hypoxia but it not possible,
for this stress, to verify a difference between the response of the expression
profile of genes of simple and complex regulation in seedlings of rice under stress
by hypoxia.
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Acid catalysed abiotic reactions in biological system : from design to in Vivo proof of concept / Réactions abiotiques catalysées par un acide dans les systèmes biologiques : de la conception à la preuve de concept in vivoTobaldi, Elisabetta 09 April 2019 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur les réactions abiotiques catalysées par un acide dans les systèmes biologiques. Elles sont définis comme des systèmes réactionnels composés d'un substrat xénobiotique - un acétal cyclique dans ce travail - stable dans des conditions biologiques et clivable à un pH bas et d'un catalyseur acide hétérogène correspondant biocompatible. Le défi de cette approche est de maintenir le catalyseur actif dans un milieu biologique tamponné et toujours capable d'hydrolyser le substrat xénobiotique d'acétal et de maintenir le pH tamponné du système vivant dans son état d'origine. Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous nous concentrons sur le réglage précis des acétals cycliques. Nous identifions 4 structures acétales et montrons que les changements structurels conduisent à une réactivité différente dans différentes gammes de pH, chacune correspondant à des applications possibles in vivo, notamment des lieurs stables pour les conjugués anticorps-médicaments et des lieurs clivables dans des conditions physiologiques pour la bioconjugaison.La deuxième partie est axée sur le catalyseur biocompatible. Ici, nous identifions deux catalyseurs biocompatibles solides, ayant différents degrés d'hydrophobie et de propriétés d’adsorption : le copolymère Nafion NR-50 et le copolymère PEG-AASA. Nous démontrons qu’avec un traitement approprié, ils peuvent maintenir un pH interne inférieur à 4, hydrolyser le substrat et ne pas affecter le biofluide hautement tamponné utilisé comme solvant. / This thesis object is acid-catalysed abiotic reactions in biological systems. They are defined as reaction systems composed by a xenobiotic substrate – a cyclic acetal in this work - stable in biological conditions and cleavable at low pH and a corresponding biocompatible heterogeneous acid catalyst. The challenge of this approach is to keep the catalyst active in a buffered biological media and still capable of hydrolysing the xenobiotic acetal substrate and to maintain the buffered pH of the living system in its original state. In the first part of this work we focus on the fine-tuning of cyclic acetals. We identify 4 acetal structures and we show that structural changes lead to a different reactivity in different pH ranges, each corresponding to possible applications in vivo, including stable linkers for antibody drug conjugates and linkers cleavable in physiological conditions for bioconjugation.The second part is focused on the biocompatible catalyst. Herein we identify two solid biocompatible catalysts, with different degree of hydrophobicity and adsorbance properties: Nafion NR-50 and PEG-AASA co-polymer. We demonstrate that, upon proper treatment, they can maintain an inner pH < 4, hydrolyse the substrate and do not affect the highly buffered biofluid used as solvent.
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Insects, Diseases and Abiotic Disorders in Southwest Forests and WoodlandsDeGomez, Tom, Garfin, Gregg 11 1900 (has links)
Revised; Originally published: 2006 / 5 pp. / Recent events in the forests of the Southwest, and across western North America, have prompted scientists to consider the role of climate variability in insect and disease cycles. Studies focusing on Arizona and other southwestern states point to multiple, interacting climate-related mechanisms that increase the propensity for forest mortality. Effects of insects on forests are complex, and species and site dependent. Many influences, such as drought, decreased precipitation, increased temperature, increased vapor pressure deficit, and increased stand density, combined in nonlinear and overlapping ways to create the recent and devastating pine bark beetle outbreaks in Arizona forests. Climate clearly plays a role in many, but not all, Southwest insect cycles. It is important that educators demonstrate the complexity of all of the interplaying issues, in order to communicate no false impressions of an “easy” or “one-size- fits-all” solution” for land managers.
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Drought stress response of tetraploid hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. x P. tremuloides Michx.) of protoplast fusion experiments)Hennig, Anne 08 July 2015 (has links)
Pappelsorten (Populus) für den Anbau in Kurzumtriebsplantagen sollten neben einer hohen Biomasseproduktion und der Vermehrbarkeit über Steckhölzer auch Trockentoleranz aufweisen. Trockenheit stellt einen wichtigen abiotischen Stressor dar, der das Wachstum der Pflanze, ihre Vitalität und ihre Produktivität negativ beeinflussen kann. Polyploide Sorten von Getreidepflanzen (Triticum), krautigen Pflanzen (Lonicera, Spathiphyllum und Nicotiana) aber auch Baumarten (Betula) zeigen eine höhere Toleranz gegenüber Stress, wie z.B. Trockenstress, im Vergleich zu Sorten mit niedrigerem Ploidiegrad. Hybridaspen Populus tremula (L.) x P. tremuloides (Michx.) der Sektion Populus können auch auf Grenzertragsböden ökonomische Zuwächse verzeichnen, auf denen andere Baumarten ausfallen. Den Hybridaspen fehlt allerdings die Vermehrbarkeit über Steckhölzer. Anderen Pappelarten der Sektionen Tacamahaca und Aigeiros wie beispielsweise P. nigra (L.) and P. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray) x P. deltoides (Bartram ex Marsh) zeigen diese entscheidende Eigenschaft. Da Kreuzungen zwischen den Sektionen Populus und Tacamahaca oder Aigeiros auf natürlichem Weg schwierig sind, wurde die Methode der somatischen Hybridisierung eingesetzt. Der Klon P. tremula x P. tremuloides ('Münden 2') wurden als ein Fusionspartner und einer der Klone P. x canescens (INRA clone No. 717 1‑B4), P. nigra oder P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides (B19) als zweiter Fusionspartner in Hybridisierungsexperimenten verwendet. Blattmorphologisch und durch Mikrosatellitenanalysen konnten die erhaltenen Fusionsprodukte dem Ausgangsklon P. tremula x P. tremuloides ('Münden 2') zugeordnet werden, wiesen dabei aber einen tetraploiden Chromosomensatz auf.
In der vorliegenden Dissertation war das zentrale Ziel, Trockenstressreaktionen tetraploider Hybridaspenlinien (HAL) im Vergleich zur diploiden Ausgangslinie P. tremula x P. tremuloides ('Münden 2') zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden die folgenden Fragen aufgestellt. (i) Sind die tetraploiden HAL dem diploiden Ausgangsklon unter Trockenheit überlegen z.B. hinsichtlich des Wasserverbrauchs und des Verwelkungs- und Vertrocknungszeitpunktes der Blätter? (ii) Unterscheiden sich die tetraploiden HAL von dem diploiden Ausgangklon in morphologischen Ausprägungen wie beispielsweise der Stomatamorphologie, der Höhe, der Biomasse und der Gesamtblattfläche? (iii) Ist die höhere Trockentoleranz der tetraploiden HAL durch den erhöhten Ploidiegrad verursacht? (iv) Zeigen die tetraploiden HAL unter Trockenstress früh physiologische Veränderungen im Kohlenhydratgehalt, dem relativen Blattwassergehalt und der stomatären Leitfähigkeit? (v) Gibt es genetische Modifikationen abgesehen von der Tetraploidie wie z.B. Duplikationen und Deletionen, die eventuell Einfluss auf das Trockensressverhalten haben könnten?
In einem ersten Experiment wurden vier tetraploide HAL untersucht. Zwei HAL zeigten einen geringeren Wasserverbrauch und drei HAL eine spätere Verwelkung als der diploide Ausgangsklon. Außerdem entwickelten die tetraploiden HAL eine geringere Stomatadichte, größere Stomata und eine vergleichbare oder geringere Höhe, Biomasse und Gesamtblattfläche im Vergleich zum diploiden Ausgangsklon.
Das zweite Experiment wurde mit vier diploiden und 16 weiteren tetraploiden HAL durchgeführt. Auch die diploiden Linien stammten aus Protoplastenfusions-experimenten. Die tetraploiden HAL wiesen im Mittel eine höhere Überlebensrate als die diploiden HAL auf, entwickelten aber durchdschnittlich ein geringeres Höhenwachstum. Unter Berücksichtigung der Höhe verwelkten 11 tetraploide, aber keine diploide HAL später als der diploide Ausgangsklon.
In einem dritten Experiment wurden zwei Linien aus dem zweiten Experiment ausgewählt, die vergleichbares Höhenwachstum zeigten, aber später verwelkten als der diploide Ausgangklon. Es wurden physiologische Merkmale wie der Wasserverbrauch und der Verwelkungszeitpunkt der Blätter beobachtet und der relative Blattwassergehalt, die stomatäre Leitfähigkeit und der Kohlenhydratgehalt in einer Zeitreihe untersucht. Geringerer Wasserverbrauch im Vergleich zum diploiden Ausgangsklon konnte in beiden tetraploiden HAL gezeigt werden. Diese Beobachtung deckt sich mit dem höheren relativen Bodenwassergehalt der tetraploiden HAL im Vergleich zum diploiden Ausgangsklon. Insgesamt spricht das für geringeren Trockenstress in den tetraploiden HAL. Auf der anderen Seite sollte ein geringerer Wasserverbrauch auch eine geringere stomatäre Leitfähigkeit nach sich ziehen. Dies war in den tetraploiden HAL nicht durchgehend der Fall. Relativ zur Kontrolle konnten die tetraploiden Linien aber eine höhere stomatäre Leitfähigkeit bei Bodenwassergehalten aufrechterhalten, bei denen die diploide Ausgangslinie bereits ihre Stomata geschlossen hatte. Dies weist ebenfalls auf eine höhere Trockentoleranz der tetraploiden HAL hin.
Genetische Modifikationen wie beispielsweise Duplikationen und Deletionen wurden mit Hilfe von “copy number variation”(“Kopienzahlvariation”)-Analysen an drei tetraploiden HAL und der diploiden Ausgangslinie durchgeführt. Die drei tetraploiden Linien zeigten vergleichbares Höhenwachstum, aber spätere Verwelkung als die diploide Ausgangslinie. Bei dieser Analyse konnten nur drei Segmente detektiert werden, die bei allen drei tetraploiden HAL im Vergleich zum diploiden Ausgangsklon verändert vorlagen. Die putativen Gene der detektierten Segmente wiesen keine Annotation auf. Eine der drei tetraploiden HAL zeigte eine hohe Anzahl von 90 Segmenten, die hier aber weder in dem diploiden Ausgangsklon noch in den beiden anderen tetraploiden Linien erhöht vorlagen. Diese Linie zeigte zwar eine höhere Trockentoleranz als der diploide Ausgangsklon, aber nicht gegenüber der anderen untersuchten tetraploiden HAL (Experiment 3). Beide tetraploiden HAL waren bezüglich des Wasserverbrauchs, des Verwelkungszeitpunktes und der stomatären Leitfähigkeit ähnlich. Dies lässt vermuten, dass die Trockentoleranz durch die Tetraploidie und nicht durch weitere genetische Modifikationen bedingt ist. Trotzdem ist eine weiterführende funktionelle Untersuchung der drei Segmente, die in allen tetraploiden HAL verändert auftraten, sinnvoll, da auch hier ein trockenrelevantes Gen verändert sein könnte. Um eine Relevanz der putativen Gene bezüglich Trockenheit zu testen, könnte zukünftig das Verhalten von Knock-out-Mutanten, denen die entsprechende Sequenz fehlt, unter Trockenstress untersucht werden.
Abschließend ist zu bemerken, dass neben den hier untersuchten HAL mehrere hundert Fusionsprodukte in einem Verbundprojekt genetisch charakterisiert wurden. Die Heterofusionsfrequenz war äußerst gering und die Hybriden waren bereits in der in vitro Phase nicht überlebensfähig. Geringe Heterofusionsfrequenz wurde beteits in anderen Arten beobachtet (Cyclamen, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Solanaceae). Da in dieser Dissertation nur Homofusionslinien verwendet wurden, wurde die Vermehrbarkeit über Steckhölzer nicht getestet, sondern der Fokus auf das Trockenstressverhalten der tetraploiden Homofusionslinien gelegt.
Zusammenfassend zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass veränderte morphologische Ausprägungen und eine höhere Trockentoleranz in den HAL mit erhöhten Ploidiegrad auftraten. Dies prädestiniert die tetraploiden Linien für Standorte, an denen Wasser als limitierender Faktor auftritt und hohe Ausfallraten durch Dürre erwartet werden.
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