SH3-Domänen sind Proteinmodule, die über die Erkennung prolinreicher Peptidsequenzen Protein-Protein-Interaktionen in einer Vielzahl von zellulären Prozessen vermitteln. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Erkennung von Peptidliganden durch ausgewählte SH3–Domänen hinsichtlich Selektivität versus Promiskuität untersucht. Diese Arbeiten dienten als Vorversuche für einen kompletten proteomischen Ansatz aller SH3-Domänen aus S. cerevisiae. Für die vier ausgewählten SH3-Domänen, nämlich Myo5, Abp1, Yhr016 und Rvs167, wurden die Ligandenpräferenzen durch Interaktionsanalysen mit einem vollständigen Satz prolinreichen Peptidliganden, abgeleitet aus dem Hefeproteom ermittelt. Hierzu wurde ein Peptid–Array Ansatz gewählt. Mit der SPOT-Technologie wurden 2953 15mere Peptide als Array auf einem Celluloseträger Schritt für Schritt synthetisiert. Hierfür wurde zuerst die Art des Celluloseträgers festgelegt und anschließend überprüft, ob sich ein Array mehrmals in Interaktionsexperimenten verwenden lässt. Es zeigte sich, dass eine Regeneration der Arrays nicht möglich war, so dass für jedes Interaktionsexperiment ein neues Peptidarray synthetisiert werden musste. Die Interaktionsstudien bestätigten die Bindung prolinreicher Sequenzmotive als eine universelle Eigenschaft der vier SH3-Domänen, wobei die einzelnen SH3–Domänen-Peptid-Interaktionen von zusätzlichen, spezifitätsdetermierenden Resten im Liganden abhängig waren. Darüber hinaus zeigten die Experimente deutliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich Selektivität und Promiskuität im Erkennungsverhalten der vier Domänen. Die Domänen konnten nach steigender Selektivität an Hand der Bestimmung von Grenzwerten und Integralen geordnet werden, nämlich Myo5 < Abp1 < Yhr016 < Rvs167. Ein gemeinsamer Ligand für alle vier Domänen konnte nicht identifiziert werden. Dagegen konnten gemeinsame Liganden für die Domänenpaare Myo5/Abp1 und Yhr016/Rvs167 bestimmt werden. Die Bindungspräferenzen zweier ausgewählter Liganden, dem Myo5/Abp1 Liganden ERPKRRAPPPAPKKP und dem Yhr016/Rvs167 Liganden VQQDSLPKLPFRSWG, wurden mit Hilfe von Substitutions- und Längenanalysen detailliert charakterisiert. Es zeigte sich deutlich, dass die selektiveren SH3-Domänen Yhr016 und Rvs167 einen klar definierten und kurzen Konsensus im Liganden binden, hingegen die mehr promiskuitiven Domänen Myo5 und Abp1 ein stärker variables und längeres Motiv im Liganden erkennen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigten, dass die hier gewählte Methode geeignet ist, die proteomische Charakterisierung aller dreißig Hefe SH3-Domänen in Angriff zu nehmen. / SH3-Domains are protein modules, which recognize polyproline sequences. The Domains are involved in a variety of cellular processes. The recognition rules between peptide ligands and selected SH3-Domains were analysed in respect of selectivity versus promiscuity. This dissertation is a preliminary test for subsequent scanning the whole number of yeast SH3-Domains. The SH3-Domains Myo5, Abp1, Yhr016 and Rvs167 were selected and chosen for interaction with all yeast polyproline ligands. A peptide array was chosen and built up with SPOT-Synthesis. 2953 15-mere peptides were spotted as an array on a cellulose membrane and inspected for regeneration method. The regeneration failed and therefore four arrays were synthesised. The scanning experiments revealed an interaction between Ligand and Domain with a common polyproline core. However, these experiments demonstrated as well that specific residues were needed for operative ligand domain interaction. In addition, these four SH3-Domains exhibited clear differences in selectivity and promiscuity of recognition profiles. The integrals and the results after the setting of the threshold showed a distinct increase in selectivity. The arrangement was based on the increasing selectivity: 1. Myo5 2. Abp1 3. but cases of consistency were found between Abp1- and Myo5-SH3, as well as ligands between Yhr16- and Rvs167-SH3. The Myo5-/Abp1-Ligand ERPKRRAPPPAPKKP and the Yhr016-/Rvs167 ligand VQQDSLPKLPFRSWG were selected for characterisation of the peptide domain interaction through the analysis of substitution and length. The data showed that more selective Domains like Yhr016 and Rvs167 had a well-defined and short consensus, whereas more promiscuous Domains like Yhr016 and Rvs167 showed a mutable and longer consensus. In conclusion, the data showed that the SPOT-Synthesis is a suitable technique for a proteomic characterisation of the whole 30 yeast SH3-Domains.

This work identified an ortholog of Abp1 (actin binding protein 1) in Dictyostelium (Dabp1). In order to analyze the functions of Dabp1 in Dictyostelium, loss-of–function studies and gain-of-function studies were performed by generating cells that either deleted the Dabp1 gene from the genome or overexpressed the Dabp1 protein. In these mutants, most actin-based processes were intact. However, cell motility was altered during early development. During chemotactic streaming, more than 90% of wild type cells had a single leading pseudopodium and a single uropod, whereas more than 27% of Dabp1 null cells projected multiple pseudopodia. Similarly, ~ 90% of cells that overexpressed Dabp1 projected multiple pseudopodia during chemotactic streaming, and displayed reduced rates of cell movement. Expression of the SH3 domain of Dabp1 showed this domain to be an important determinant in regulating pseudopodium number. These results suggest that Abp1 controls pseudopodium number and motility in early stages of chemotactic aggregation in Dictyostelium. This work also revealed an interplay between Dabp1 and MyoB, one of the Myosin I proteins, in controlling pseudopodia formation in Dictyostelium. These two proteins colocalize partially at the cortex in growing cells. The peripheral localization of MyoB was dependent on Dabp1. Depletion of both Dabp1 and MyoB caused defects in organization of the actin cytoskeleton and actin related activities such as formation of small F-actin filled spikes on the cell cortex of growing cells, a higher percentage of multinucleated cells, and an increased number of pseudopodia branching extensively. When MyoB was overexpressed in Dabp1 null mutants, cells had similar phenotypes as Dabp1/MyoB double null mutants, and displayed an increased number of pseudopodia with many branches. Overexpression of Dabp1 in MyoB null mutants rescued the defects in pseudopodia formation. The SH3 of Dabp1 was shown to be important for the rescue of defects caused by depletion of MyoB. Collectively, these data suggest that MyoB and Dabp1 work cooperatively to regulate the uniformity and integrity of the actin extensions during chemotaxis. MyoB requires Dabp1 to function in this process. Dabp1 may function as a scaffold to recruit MyoB to the proper localization. These studies of Dabp1 in Dictyostelium raise broad question about functions of actinassociated proteins in pseudopodia formation and the importance of uniformity and integrity for actin structures in chemotaxis. / text

ABP1 (Auxin Binding Protein 1), qui peut se lier à l'auxine, est essentielle pour le développement des plantes. Il a été prouvé qu’elle a la capacité de se lier à l’auxine et de conduire le signal auxine dans les cellules. ABP1 est supposé être localisée et avoir des fonctions à la surface extérieure de la membrane plasmique à travers une composante inconnue. Au cours ma thèse, nous avons essayé d’étudier l'interaction entre ABP1 et le candidat de la composante inconnue, CBP1 (chez le maïs), qui est une protéine à ancres GPI déjà identifiée comme ayant la capacité de liaison au peptide de synthèse C-terminale d’ABP1 en 2006. L'orthologue de CBP1 chez arabidopsis appartient à une famille de gènes contenant 19 membres, dont seulement trois d'entre eux ont été prédit comme était des protéines à ancres GPI. Nous avons fait les caractérisations fonctionnelles de ces trois membres. Les données suggèrent que les protéines SKS à ancres GPI sont impliquées dans l'orientation de la cellule, le développement des gamétophytes et de l'embryon. / ABP1 (Auxin Binding Protein1), who can bind auxin, is essential for the development of plants. It was proved to have the ability to bind auxin and transduce auxin signal into the cells. It is supposed to be localized and functions at the outer surface of plasma membrane through unknown component. In my thesis, we tried to invesitgate the interaction between ABP1 and the candidate of the unknown component, CBP1 (From maize), which is GPI-acnhored and already identified as the binding ability to synthesized C-terminus peptide of ABP1 in 2006. The orthologous of CBP1 in arabidopsis belongs to a gene family with 19 members, in which only three of them were prediceted to be GPI anchored. We did the functional characterisation of these three GPI-anchored members. Data suggested that GPI-anchored SKS were involved in cell orientation, gametophyte and embryo development.

ABP1 (Auxin Binding Protein1), who can bind auxin, is essential for the development of plants. It was proved to have the ability to bind auxin and transduce auxin signal into the cells. It is supposed to be localized and functions at the outer surface of plasma membrane through unknown component. In my thesis, we tried to invesitgate the interaction between ABP1 and the candidate of the unknown component, CBP1 (From maize), which is GPI-acnhored and already identified as the binding ability to synthesized C-terminus peptide of ABP1 in 2006. The orthologous of CBP1 in arabidopsis belongs to a gene family with 19 members, in which only three of them were prediceted to be GPI anchored. We did the functional characterisation of these three GPI-anchored members. Data suggested that GPI-anchored SKS were involved in cell orientation, gametophyte and embryo development.