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In the 1985 "National Family Violence Resurvey'' conducted by Gelles & Straus (1988) one out of every six couples experienced a physical assault during 1985. At this rate, 8.7 million couples experienced at least one assault during the year. Shelter and assistance for the abused wife have been viewed as important and forthcoming. However, spouse abuse will not stop until effective treatment for men, more often the abuser, is offered. In response to the incidence of abuse in the military, services and programs for both the abusers and their wives have been developed. One treatment program for the abuser which was assessable for this study was the Prevention through Anger Control and Education (PACE) treatment program. The purpose of the research was to study the reactions and progress of abusers as they moved through the PACE treatment program. Five subjects participated in the study. Data were collected throughout the course of treatment by interviews and questionnaires which were administered to the abuser, wife, and group facilitator. A follow-up interview was conducted with the subjects one year after treatment to collect post treatment data. Quantitative data were also collected but later used only for descriptive purposes. Findings from the case study method showed that the PACE treatment program may have had limited impact on the abusers. While the outcomes were not strong, some changes in subjects' behavior, feelings, and thinking were evident. Abusers tended to respond with socially acceptable answers and behaviors during treatment. Interview with wives and the group facilitator were helpful in establishing the accuracy of these reports. Subjects reported a cessation of abuse, but it could not be ascertained whether coping strategies learned from the group had made a difference in the relationships because four of the five couples had divorced by the follow-up. However, they reported that the skills learned from the group allowed them to seek a divorce in a non-abusive manner. The abuser with the intact marriage did report utilizing several of the newly learned coping strategies. The abusers did report that the skills learned from the program helped them handle stress: better, decrease their propensity to provocation in other situations, and expected them to help in future relationships. / Ed. D.

Researchers have shown that certain demographic variables and parenting strategies can predict the degree of potential for child abuse that a mother may experience with her children. The major objective of this study was to determine the specific characteristics and traits that identify mothers who have the greatest potential to abuse or neglect their children by determining whether parenting strategies, age of the mother, educational attainment, and isolation indicated by place of residence and marital status are predictive of the potential for child abuse. T-tests were performed to see if there significant differences in scale means for the subscales of parenting strategies in urban and rural groups of the sample. All subscale’s scores were significantly different when the urban and rural groups were compared. T-test and Chi square tests were computed on the relationship between demographic variables including educational attainment, age and marital status and urban and rural groups. Significant differences were found on all three demographic variables. Four variables were found to be predictive of the potential for child abuse. Four parenting strategies (i.e., spank, reason, allow, and praise) were tested for their power in predicting the potential for child abuse. Only allow was found to be a significant predictor for the potential for child abuse. Educational attainment, support group (which is a combined variable representing marital status and living arrangements) and urban vs. rural residence were found among the demographic variables to be predictors of the potential for child abuse. These results suggest that although a demographic like educational attainment may be important, the context of parenting (urban vs. rural and support group) and parenting style (allow) are the best predictors of the potential for child abuse. / Master of Science

[pt] Este estudo buscou examinar as associações da liderança transformacional e da liderança abusiva com o engajamento dos funcionários em uma confecção no Rio de Janeiro. O estudo também explora antecedentes das percepções sobre as líderes, considerando a sua presença afetiva (positiva e negativa) nos julgamentos dos seus liderados. Para testar as hipóteses, foi aplicada a regressão multivariada a uma base de dados levantada através de survey aplicada a 583 costureiras. Os resultados sugerem que uma liderança mais transformacional e menos abusiva está associada com maior engajamento de colaboradores, e que esses estilos de liderança estão associados à presença afetiva do líder, mais positiva ou negativa, respectivamente. / [en] This study sought to examine the associations of transformational leadership and abusive leadership with engagement of employees in a clothing factory in Rio de Janeiro. The study also explores antecedents of perceptions about women leaders, considering their affective presence (positive and negative) in the judgments of their followers. To test the hypotheses, multivariate regression was applied to a database collected through a survey applied to 503. The results suggest that more transformational and less abusive leadership is associated with greater employee engagement, and that these leadership styles are associated with the leader s affective presence, which is more positive or negative, respectively.

The aim of this study is to find a deeper understanding of in which ways social workers experience that children are exploited to continue power and control, in the form of post-separation abuse, towards the mother after the separation from the abusive father. The study also wants to bring attention to which consequences this can cause the child, from social workers' experiences. The questions at issue are 1. In which ways do social workers see that children are exploited to expose the mother to post-separation abuse? and 2. Which consequences of this exploitation have been seen by social workers? This study uses a qualitative method in the form of interviews. This method is used due to the goal of finding a deeper and more clear view on the social workers' perspective on these questions. In this study there have been 6 interviews. 5 of the respondents work within the Swedish Social Services and 1 in a municipal counseling service. 2 of the respondents work with the children and the remaining 4 work with the adults/parents. The result of this study shows 4 ways children can be exploited to post-separation abuse towards the mother. 1. The child is forced to ally with the father. This means that the child imitates the fathers behavior, language or vocabulary. 2. Misleading penalty. This means that the child is penalized through the fathers' attempt to punish the mother. 3. Economy as an unwitting arena. This means that the father tries to obstruct the mothers' economy by withholding child support or by not contributing towards the childs' clothes or activities. 4. The child as a messenger between the parents. This means the hand-over of the child. This also includes situations where the child is forced to give information about the mother to the father. The result of this study shows that consequences of exploiting the children during post-separation abuse are mental health issues, guilt and shame, poor self-esteem, developmental trauma and being wrongfully diagnosed with, for example, ADHD. This study shows that it is very common and highly likely that children are exploited as a pawn in post-separation abuse towards the mother.

Past research has highlighted the negative effects of abusive supervision on employees’ performance. This study seeks to investigate how immediate manager’s abusive behavior affects employee performance. Specifically, drawing upon social exchange theory, conservation of resources theory and LMX theory, this research develops a theoretical model that illustrates how abusive supervision negatively affects employees’ innovative behavior, through climate for innovation in an organization and LMX quality. For these relationships, we propose dyad tenure, gender dissimilarity, perceived organizational support, coworker support and locus of control as first stage moderators and psychological empowerment and psychological security as second stage moderators.To test the proposed model, data was collected from fulltime US employees who have regular interactions with their immediate manager. A two-time survey was distributed to participants through Prolific platform. The hypotheses that were tested include the negative relationship between abusive supervision and employee innovative behavior, the mediating role of Leader-Member exchange (LMX) quality and climate for innovation, and the direct effect of abusive supervision on the mediating variables and moderating effect of psychological security were supported. Possible implications, future research and practical contributions are discussed.