The purpose of this study was to examine the grades and demographic characteristics of students involved with the residence hall disciplinary process during the 2005 fall semester at Ball State University. These characteristics were studied to determine if differences existed in the academic performance and demographic characteristics of disciplinary students and the general residence hall population. Differences between the disciplinary sample and residence hall population were found to exist. Freshmen and sophomores in the disciplinary sample achieved lower mean grade point averages. Freshmen and males were over-represented in the disciplinary sample. / Department of Educational Studies

The purpose of the study was to determine possible relationships existing between elementary student retention and academic performance, as measured by standardized achievement tests legally mandated by state initiatives in minimum competency testing, for a four year period beginning with the year culminating in retention. The study also attempted to determine if the relationship is affected by the grade level of retention, gender, ethnicity, or mental aptitude.Subjects of the study were 220 elementary students from a large metropolitan school district in central Indiana, half of whom had been retained in grades one or two, and half of whom were randomly selected and had never been retained. Using achievement data collected from the MacMillan/McGraw-Hill standardized achievement tests, CTB/4 and CAT E/F, the relationships of achievement scores in reading, language expression, and mathematics between and within the two groups were analyzed. Mental aptitude data from The Test of Cognitive Skills (CTB MacMillan/McGrawHill), and data on gender and ethnicity, were also examined to determine the effect of these variables. Multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were employed to analyze the various relationships using the P<.05 level of significance.The study found that (a) for the longitudinal period, retained student performance did not reach the-mean of the promoted group; (b) grade level of retention yielded different longitudinal patterns of performance, but did improve the relationship between retained and promoted student performance in either grade; and (c) mental aptitude, but not gender and ethnicity, was significantly related to student performance.The study concluded that (a) retention is not effective in raising substandard performance to promoted peer levels over a four year period, (b) retention is most effective for improving performance in the repeated year, (c) students retained at grade two maintain performance gains better than students retained in grade one, and (d) mental aptitude plays a significant role in the evaluation of the effectiveness of retention. / Department of Educational Leadership

This study was undertaken in an effort to determine the effect of compensatory education on achievement and the self concepts of students in inner city schools. The subjects for this study were chosen from the third, fourth, and fifth grades of the Lincoln, Longfellow, Blaine, and Garfield public elementary schools of Muncie, Indiana. The experimental group received compensatory treatment which consisted of remedial reading, tutorial aid, and counseling, while the control group received the standard type of education given by the schools involved in the study. Both groups were selected by classroom teachers on the basis of personal judgment with no specific criteria given for the selection. Academic achievement was measured by the results of the Iowa Basic Achievement Test. This test was given twice (pre- and post-test) to both the control and experimental groups in grades four, and five. Grade three had been administered the Metropolitan Achievement Test (MAT) as a pre-test the previous spring at the end of grade two. Grade three was tested by the Iowa Basic Achievement Test in a post-test the spring of 1973.Self concept was measured by the results of the test by Waetjen and Liddle, Self Concept as a Learner (SCAL). This test was given twice to both the control and experimental groups; the pre-test in the fall of 1972 and the post-test in the spring of 1973.The results were used to evaluate the eight basic hypotheses. Statistical analysis of the results led to rejecting only one hypothesis. Hypothesis 7 was rejected at the .05 level of significance.In general, any gains shown by the experimental group over the control group were of small statistical magnitude, whether in the area of academic achievement, reading achievement or self concept. The same may be said of any of the differences between the various schools, grades, and class groups. No strong relationship between compensatory education and the probability of success could be clearly established from the data. A strong relationship was established, however, between compensatory and the probability of success for grade three. Since the impact of counseling, tutorial aid, or remedial reading was not analyzed separately, this relationship was attributed to the compensatory treatment as a whole and specifically to any one part of the program.

One purpose of this study was to identify the relationship, if any, that existed between method of scheduling and achievement in reading and mathematics. A second purpose of this study was to identify the relationship, if any, that existed between method of scheduling and student attitudes toward school and learning. A third purpose of the study was to identify what teachers using parallel block scheduling perceived as positive and negative aspects of parallel block scheduling.Data from ISTEP (Indiana Statewide Testing for Educational Progress) scores, student questionnaires, and teacher interviews were used to compare the parallel block scheduled school and the surface scheduled school. ISTEP scores were compared using One Way Analyses of Variance to check equivalency of the two schools at the beginning and at the end of the study and Repeated Measures Analyses of Variance to test the hypotheses. Student questionnairesmeasuring student attitudes toward school and learning were compared for the two schools using Repeated Measures Analyses of Variance. Teachers at the parallel block scheduled school were interviewed to analyze their perceptions of parallel block scheduling.Statistically significant differences were found in mathematics achievement in favor of the parallel block scheduled school. No statistically significant differences were found in reading achievement between the parallel block scheduled school and the surface scheduled school. Statistically significant differences in students' attitudes toward school and learning between the two types of scheduling were found in three out of the four categories. Differences were found in students' beliefs about how well they were learning, students' attitudes toward themselves as learners, and students' beliefs about how others see them as learners in favor of the parallel block scheduled school. No difference was found in students' attitudes toward school. Responses from interviews of teachers using parallel block scheduling indicated that the teachers felt parallel block scheduling had benefitted students in terms of achievement, attitudes toward school and learning, and in their effectiveness as teachers. / Department of Educational Leadership

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between achievement motivation and academic achievement with externalizing (i.e., aggressive, acting-out) and Internalizing (i.e., Immature withdrawal) emotionally and behaviorally handicapped children. Furthermore, the mean difference in academic achievement of externalizers and Internalizers was examined. Analysis of variance, regression analysis, and t-test procedures were employed to analyze the data.Eighty-two subjects, in grades two through six, currently enrolled In special education programs for emotionally and behaviorally handicapped children, participated in this study. The Child Behavior Checklist-Teacher's Report Form (TRF), and the resultant Child Behavior Profile (CBP) were used to differentiate between externalizing and internalizing emotionally and behaviorally handicapped children. Furthermore, the TRF yielded information on school performance and adaptive functioning. The Thematic Apperception Test of Need for Achievement (TAT), and the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised (WRAT-R) were administered by the researcher to gather data on achievement motivation and academic achievement, respectively.In general, the children in this study showed little or no motivation for achievement. An analysis of variance, comparing externalizers and internalizers in achievement motivation was not significant. A regression analysis, controlling for Intelligence, showed no difference in achievement motivation between externalizers and internalizers. Knowledge of group membership (i.e., externalizing or internalizing) added little to the explained variance of academic achievement. After controlling for intelligence and achievement motivation, externalizers and internalizers showed no difference in mean academic achievement.On the basis of teacher ratings of adaptive functioning skills considered necessary for success In the classroom, more than 75% of emotionally and behaviorally handicapped children were rated in the clinical range. More than two-thirds of the children were rated below average in school performance. T-tests revealed no difference between externalizers and internalizers in adaptive functioning skills or school performance.ConclusionsBased on the results of this study, the following conclusions were drawn:Emotionally and behaviorally handicapped children are generally lacking in motivation for achievement.Externalizing emotionally and behaviorally handicapped children, and Internalizing emotionally and behaviorally handicapped children do not differ in motivation for achievement.Achievement motivation and academic achievement are not significantly related with emotionally and behaviorally handicapped children.Externalizing emotionally and behaviorally handicapped children, and internalizing emotionally and behaviorally handicapped children show no difference in mean academic achievement.5. Emotionally and behaviorally handicapped children are generally deficient in the adaptive functioning skills judged necessary for school success. / Department of Educational Psychology

Previous research has reported that the effectiveness of special education in remediating learning difficulties varies as a function of the type of classroom placement, the student's age, and their intellectual ability. More recent findings have also suggested that a learning disability is not a single diagnostic entity, but rather distinct subtypes of learning disabled students exist. The study sought to determine if cluster analysis of the present sample yielded subtypes which conformed to previously identified LD subtypes; and whether these different subtypes of learning disabled (LD) students respond differentially in terms of the students academic achievement.The sample was comprised of 136 LD subjects between the ages of 9 and 15 years old for whom Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) data was available for both initial assessment, and re-assessment three years later.Initial comparisons of the sample were conducted by examining differences in academic achievement for the three subtests of the PIAT for two different types of educational placement: full time versus part time; by racial groups; and between pre and post test results. Three main effects were found in the initial MANOVA on the PIAT subtests of math and reading recognition, however, none of the statistically significant results were determined to be of practical significance. These statistical results were consistent with previous research findings.The sample was subtyped using cluster analysis. A three cluster solution was determined using three variables: intelligence, achievement, and age of the subject. The three subtypes were described and determined to be consistent with subtypes previously identified. Cluster 1 was dropped from further analysis as not conforming to an LD profile and because of sample size.A 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 MANOVA was performed: cluster membership by placement by race by pre-post test results. Cluster 2 students significantly declined in their reading recognition achievement over the three years they were in special education, while Cluster 3 students gained significantly in reading recognition achievement over the same time period.The present results suggest that school psychologist should carefully consider not only whether a student is learning disabled, but the nature and severity of the disability when recommending placement. / Department of Educational Psychology

The purpose of the study was to determine what relationship, if any, existed between student absence from school and student performance on standardized achievement tests. The study was designed to provide statistical data for educators and others interested in efforts to improve public education.Subjects of the study were students from a large school district in northern Indiana. Students included in the study were selected from those enrolled in the identified school corporation four consecutive years, from 1983-84 (grade 2) through 1986-87 (grade 5). A one-third representative sample of 500 subjects was selected from the total eligible population of 1,505 studentsData collected regarding the subjects of the study included sex, race, IQ scores, percentile ranks from subtest scores on the Iowa Test of Basic Skills and the California Achievement Test for grades 2 and 3 and grades 4 and 5 respectively, and the total number of days absent from school for the school years 1983-84 through 1986-87.Achievement subtest scores were converted from percentile ranks to normalized standard deviation zscores. Absence rates were also converted to z-scores for statistical comparison.The hypothesis stated in null form was: No relationship exists between student absence from school and student performance on standardized achievement tests at the elementary school level. Path analysis, or causal analysis, a special application of regression analysis, was the technique used to test the hypothesis. Achievement test performance was predicted from a weighted combination of independent variables and control variables. Predicted achievement test performance was compared to observed achievement test performance to determine whether absence could account for any variation between the two scores.Small but significant relationships were identified in simple correlations pertaining to the data for grade 5. The significant correlations were not maintained, however, when all control variables were computed into the regression analysis equation. The null hypothesis was not rejected. / Department of Educational Administration and Supervision

Priešmokyklinio ugdymo paskirtis – padėti vaikui pasirengti sėkmingai mokytis pagal pradinio ugdymo programą. Tačiau ne visi priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikai į pirmą klasę ateina subrendę mokyklinei veiklai. Lietuvoje dar maža tyrimų, atskleidžiančių brandumo mokyklai ir vaiko mokyklinių pasiekimų sąsajas, kurie leistų išskirti intelektinės ir socialinės emocinės brandos gebėjimus, geriausiai numatančius būsimos mokyklinės veiklos sėkmę. Todėl šio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti vaiko brandumo mokyklai sąsajas su akademiniais pasiekimais pirmoje klasėje. Tyrimas buvo vykdomas trimis etapais. Pirmajame etape dalyvavo 46 priešmokyklinio amžiaus lopšelio –darželio bei mokyklos – darželio vaikai, kuriems 2007 kalendoriniais metais suėjo 7 metai. Tyrimas vyko 2007 m. balandžio – gegužės mėnesiais. Vaikų brandumo mokyklai įvertinimo metodika (2005) buvo įvertinti vaikų kognityvinė, socialinė ir emocinė branda mokyklai. 2007 m. gruodžio ir 2008 m. balandžio mėnesiais buvo vertinami pirmajame etape dalyvavusių vaikų skaitymo, rašymo ir matematinių žinių pasiekimai. Skaitymo, rašymo ir matematinių žinių pasiekimai buvo vertinami užduočių baterijomis, sudarytomis remiantis Bendrojo pradinio ugdymo programomis ir išsilavinimo standartais. Gauti rezultatai atskleidė priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikų pakankamą socialinę emocinę bei dalies vaikų nepakankamą intelektualinę mokyklinę brandą. Nustatyta, kad mokyklinės brandos rodikliai yra susiję su vėlesniais akademiniais pasiekimais: 1) rastas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Purpose of preschool education is to assist a child to get ready for successful studies according to the programme of primary education. However, not all children of preschool age come to the first grade being mature for the academic activity. In Lithuania, very few surveys have been conducted revealing the links of readiness for school and child‘s academic achievement that would allow characterising abilities of intellectual and social emotional readiness, predetermining the future academic success in the best way. Therefore, objective of this survey is to establish the links of child‘s readiness for school with his academic achievement in the first grade. The survey has been conducted in three stages: in the first stage, 46 children of preschool age from a creche –kindergarten and a school-kindergarten who in calendar year 2007 became 7 took part in the survey. The survey was conducted in April – May of 2007. Referring to the methodology for evaluation of children‘s readiness for school (2005), children‘s cognitive, social and emotional readiness for school was assessed. In December of 2007 and April of 2008, reading, writing and mathematical knowledge achievement of children who participated in the first stage were assessed. Reading, writing and mathematical knowledge achievement was assessed with the series of tasks formed referring to programmes of general primary education and education standards. The results obtained revealed sufficient social emotional readiness of... [to full text]

The environment, which includes the immediate milieu of the child, influences the child in his totality. The environment has an influence in all spheres of the child's life, such as in the intellectual and mental, on those personality traits which will develop into dominant ones, the emotional sphere, which includes anxiety, his attitude and disposition towards other people and towards objects, his relationships with others and his level of academic achievement. The aim of this study is to determine whether an altered milieu - a change from the parental home to a special school - will have a verifiable influence on the personality and academic achievements of children with behavioural deviations. Available literature on the personality, intelligence and academic achievement of both the well-adjusted and maladjusted child, the origin of misbehaviour, the manifestations of misbehaviour and the milieu as both causative and therapeutic factor in behavioural deviations was studied. The sample consisted of all Standard 6, Standard 7 and Standard 8 pupils of both sexes who were referred to the special school from their parental homes in the course of the first term. A selected battery of tests, consisting of standardized psychometric tests was applied individually to the subjects upon their arrival at the special school. After a period of at least six months the subjects were given the same battery of tests in a group, with the exception of the intelligence test, which was taken down individually. The test and background data were then tabulated and some generally valid conclusions were reached which could be made applicable to the group as a whole. After a period of sojourn at the special school, for example, the subjects did better academically and fewer failures occurred than in previous years. Their average intelligence quotient improved, but their anxiety level increased and their general level of study orientation deteriorated. Personality traits which figured more prominently included selfconfidence, group dependency, dominance and activity. Lethargy as a result of increased ergic tension decreased and the subjects were less phlegmatic and diffident. One could then come to the conclusion that a changed milieu does bring about a change as r.egards the academic achievement and certain personality traits of the subjects. / Thesis (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1981

Proefskrif--PU vir CHO