Producing academic genres indicates the possibility to know how to act and interact actively in the academic and scientific community. However, how to ensure the participation in the social scientific sphere without the dominion from the instruments of their participation? By this issue as a serious concern of this paper, we propose to analyze two academic genres (essay and article) in order to understand them, as they are indiscriminately taken in general. In order to describe and analyze compared genrers article and academics, with the goal to show elements that can contribute to the individualization of each, we selected 20 essays and 20 articles from online national journals whose review by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) covers grades A and B (they were published from January 2011 until May 2013). Magazines where we collect the corpus predicted the production of both genres, sometimes provided specific instructions for the production and publication of each genre. To perform the research, we chose some important concepts to the genres studies as the precursor of Bakhtin, name we cannot forget to be mentioned, and we took as an input for the analysis some categories of textual aspects cited by Bronckart (2009) that has not developed a theory for genres analysis but of texts, deeply contributes to understand the text operation by textual functioning infrastructure, textualization mechanisms and enunciative mechanisms. Silveira s (2012) study on the textual structures of research and essay genres also provided information to understand and differentiate between the genres that constitute our corpus, as well as other studies and manuals that provide information about both genres. Thus, we elect the first and third level of textual rolling for the texts analysis because we consider, as well as the author, the deeper and most superficial level, respectively, of the text we believe that these phases are able to reveal the peculiarities we investigate now. We observed that the test demonstrated the possibility to be composed by the kind of theoretical-interactive mixed discourse, by the frequent use of affective modalizations and by a compositional structure that is generally the same of the article. By the way, this genre had a predominance of theoretical discourse and a high amount of logical modalizations. The analysis revealed that the differences found in deep level, where the type of discourse and textual sequences belong, as the most superficial level, in the enunciation mechanisms, corroborate to some essay characteristics already mentioned by Gomez-Martinez (1992), Arrigucci (1999) and Guerini (2008) concerning the greatest freedom of expression about the scientific thought, with higher subjective tenor than the article. / Produzir gêneros acadêmicos indica a possibilidade de saber agir e interagir ativamente na comunidade acadêmico-científica. No entanto, como assegurar essa participação na esfera social científica sem o domínio dos ―instrumentos‖ de sua participação? Tendo essa questão como a grande inquietude deste trabalho, propomos analisar dois gêneros acadêmicos (ensaio e artigo), a fim de melhor compreendê-los, tendo em vista que, geralmente, são tomados de maneira indiscriminada. Com o objetivo descrever e analisar comparativamente os gêneros ensaio e artigo, pertencentes da esfera acadêmica, com vistas a apresentar elementos que possam contribuir para a individualização de cada um, selecionamos 20 ensaios e 20 artigos de periódicos online nacionais cuja avaliação pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) abrange as notas A e B (eles foram publicados no período de janeiro de 2011 até maio de 2013). As revistas de onde coletamos o corpus previam a produção de ambos os gêneros e, algumas vezes, forneciam instruções específicas para a produção e publicação de cada gênero. Para a realização da pesquisa, elegemos alguns conceitos caros à área de estudos de gêneros como o do precursor Bakhtin (2006), nome que não podemos deixar de mencionar, e tomamos como aporte para a análise algumas categorias do folhado textual de Bronckart (2009) que, embora não tenha desenvolvido uma teoria para análise de gênero e sim de textos, contribuiu sobremaneira para o entendimento do funcionamento textual por meio da infraestrutura textual, dos mecanismos de textualização e dos mecanismos enunciativos. Os estudos de Silveira (2012) sobre as estruturas textuais de gêneros da pesquisa e do ensaio também forneceram subsídios para a compreensão e diferenciação entre os gêneros que constituem nosso corpus, assim como outros estudos e manuais que trazem informações sobre ambos os gêneros. Elegemos, porquanto, o primeiro e o terceiro nível do folhado textual para a análise dos textos por considerá-los, assim como o autor, o nível mais profundo e mais superficial, respectivamente, do texto acreditamos que essas fases são capazes de revelar as peculiaridades que ora investigamos. Pudemos constatar que o ensaio demonstrou a possibilidade de ser composto pelo tipo de discurso misto teórico-interativo, pela utilização mais frequente de modalizações afetivas e por uma estrutura composicional que, geralmente, é a mesma do artigo. Este gênero, por sua vez, teve como predominante o discurso teórico e elevada quantidade de modalizações lógicas. A análise revelou que as diferenças encontradas tanto no nível profundo, em que pertencem o tipo de discurso e as sequências textuais, quanto no nível mais superficial, nos mecanismos de enunciação, corroboram com algumas características do ensaio já mencionadas por Gomez-Martinez (1992), Arrigucci (1999) e Guerini (2008) a respeito da maior liberdade de expressão do pensamento científico, com teor subjetivo mais elevado que o do artigo. / Mestre em Estudos Linguísticos

This thesis examines the discipline of English studies in South Africa through a review of articles published in 11 academic journals over the period 1958-2004. The aims are to gain a better understanding of the functions of peer-reviewed journals, to reveal the presence of rules governing discursive production, and to uncover the historical shifts in approach and choice of disciplinary objects. The Foucauldian typology of procedures determining discursive production, that is: exclusionary, internal and restrictive procedures, is applied to the discipline of English studies in order to elucidate the existence of such procedures in the discipline. Each journal is reviewed individually and comparatively. Static and chronological statistical analyses are undertaken on the articles in the 11 journals in order to provide empirical evidence to subvert the contention that the discipline is unruly and its choice of objects random. The cumulative results of this analysis are used to describe the major shifts primarily in ranges of disciplinary objects, but also in metadiscursive and thematic debates. Each of the journals is characterised in relation to what the overall analysis reveals about the mainstream developments. The two main findings are that, during the period under review, South African imaginative written artefacts have moved from a marginal position to the centre of focus of the discipline; and that the conception of what constitutes the `literary' has returned to a pre-Practical criticism definition, broadly inclusive of a variety of types of artefact including imaginative writing, such as autobiography, letters, journals and orature. / English Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (English)

This thesis examines the discipline of English studies in South Africa through a review of articles published in 11 academic journals over the period 1958-2004. The aims are to gain a better understanding of the functions of peer-reviewed journals, to reveal the presence of rules governing discursive production, and to uncover the historical shifts in approach and choice of disciplinary objects. The Foucauldian typology of procedures determining discursive production, that is: exclusionary, internal and restrictive procedures, is applied to the discipline of English studies in order to elucidate the existence of such procedures in the discipline. Each journal is reviewed individually and comparatively. Static and chronological statistical analyses are undertaken on the articles in the 11 journals in order to provide empirical evidence to subvert the contention that the discipline is unruly and its choice of objects random. The cumulative results of this analysis are used to describe the major shifts primarily in ranges of disciplinary objects, but also in metadiscursive and thematic debates. Each of the journals is characterised in relation to what the overall analysis reveals about the mainstream developments. The two main findings are that, during the period under review, South African imaginative written artefacts have moved from a marginal position to the centre of focus of the discipline; and that the conception of what constitutes the `literary' has returned to a pre-Practical criticism definition, broadly inclusive of a variety of types of artefact including imaginative writing, such as autobiography, letters, journals and orature. / English Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (English)