No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Acanthamoeba spp. são patógenos protistas de vida livre, capazes de causar ceratite grave e encefalite granulomatosa fatal. Trofozoíto é a forma infectiva de Acanthamoeba spp. e pode provocar infecções em uma variedade de hospedeiros mamíferos e seres humanos, como resultado da complexa interação patógeno-hospedeiro. O dano causado por trofozoítos em infecções da córnea ou do cérebro é o resultado de vários mecanismos patogênicos diferentes não elucidados a nível molecular até agora. Neste trabalho, descrevemos os resultados da caracterização genotípica de isolados ambientais de Acanthamoeba spp. e a identificão por análises proteômicas do repertório de proteínas expressas por trofozoítos de Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Nossos resultados permitiram a caracterização de 13 isolados ambientais de Acanthamoeba spp. obtidos da água de piscinas, que foram classificados em nível de genótipo com base na análise da sequência do gene da subunidade menor do rDNA. Nove dos 13 isolados foram identificados como pertencentes ao genótipo T5, três ao genótipo T4 e um ao genótipo T3. Vários genótipos têm sido relatados em todo o mundo como agentes causadores de ceratite amebiana, incluindo os genótipos T3, T4 e T5. O presente estudo indica que o genótipo T5 é um contaminante comum na água de piscinas. Este trabalho também estabeleceu uma ampla análise do repertório de proteínas expressas por trofozoítos de A. polyphaga, baseado no conjunto de estratégias por 2-DE MS/MS e LC-MS/MS. Foram identificadas 192 proteínas não redundantes. Um mapa proteômico de referência de A. polyphaga na faixa de pH 3-10 foi produzido e de 370 spots resolvidos, 136 proteínas foram identificadas. A classificação funcional das proteínas revelou diversas proteínas com relevância potencial para a sobrevivência do parasita e infecção de hospedeiros mamíferos, incluindo proteínas de superfície e proteínas relacionadas aos mecanismos de defesa. Este estudo descreveu a primeira análise proteômica abrangente do estágio de trofozoíto de Acanthamoeba spp. e fornece bases para estudos prospectivos, comparativos e funcionais de proteínas envolvidas nos mecanismos moleculares de sobrevivência, desenvolvimento e patogenicidade de Acanthamoeba spp. / Acanthamoeba spp. are free-living protist pathogen, capable of causing a blinding keratitis and fatal granulomatous encephalitis. Trophozoite is the form infective of Acanthamoeba spp. and can provoke infections in a variety of mammalian hosts and humans, as result of complex interaction host-pathogen. The damage caused by trophozoites in human corneal or brain infections is the result of several different pathogenic mechanisms not elucidated at the molecular level so far. Here, we describe the results of the characterization genotypic of environment isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. and we performed proteomic analysis to identify the repertoire of proteins expressed by trophozoites of an environmental strain of Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Our results allowed the characterization of 13 Acanthamoeba isolates from swimming pools water that were classified at the genotype level based on the sequence analysis of the small-subunit rDNA gene. Nine of the 13 isolates were genotype T5, three were genotype T4, and one was T3. Several genotypes have been reported worldwide as causative agents of keratitis, including genotypes T3, T4, and T5. The present study indicates that genotype T5 is a common contaminant in swimming-pool water. This work also established a comprehensive analysis of the proteins expressed by A. polyphaga trophozoites based on complementary 2-DE MS/MS and gel-free LC-MS/MS approaches. Overall, 192 nonredundant proteins were identified. An A. polyphaga proteomic map in pH range 3-10 was produced, with protein identification for 136 out of 370 resolved spots. Functional classification of identified proteins revealed several proteins with potential relevance for parasite survival and infection of mammal hosts, including surface proteins and proteins related to defense mechanisms. This study describes the first comprehensive proteomic survey of the trophozoite infective stage of an Acanthamoeba species, and provides foundations to prospective, comparative and functional studies of Acanthamoeba proteins involved in molecular mechanisms of survival, development, and pathogenicity.

Acanthamoeba are ubiquitous protists that play an environmental role in regulating microbial diversity; they also occasionally cause infections of the eye (Acanthamoeba keratitis) and brain (granulomatous amoebic encephalitis). These organisms exhibit two distinct phenotypes. The trophozoite form dominates in favorable conditions, in which the Acanthamoeba move through the extension of pseudopodia, engulfing microbes and other particles. During stressful conditions, the Acanthamoeba undergo a process of encystment, in which they build a double cell wall and become relatively inactive. The cyst form can survive years until more favorable conditions arise, at which point they may excyst. For this study, multiple laboratory encystment methods were compared to determine the percent encystment and the different viabilities of laboratory-produced cysts. Furthermore, four different encystment genes were targeted for development of a primer library for reverse-transcription, polymerase chain reaction expression studies. The library was developed using sequences accessed from various databases, including NCBI and EMBL; primers were screened through polymerase chain reaction, and those primers producing positive results were used to further screen cellular RNA that was extracted from encysting cells over various time points during the encystment process, and using various encystment media. Using these methods, target gene involvement in the encystment process was compared between species and encystment methods. These studies lay the foundation for quantitative gene expression analysis, and provide the basis for comparison of various encystment methods.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-128). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 1999. / "May 1999." Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-128). Also available on the Internet.

Th.--Pharm.--Paris 5, 1981. N°: 55.

A interação entre microrganismos endossimbiontes e mosquitos tem sido amplamente estudada. Tais estudos visam encontrar alternativas para o controle biológico de mosquitos vetores. Recentemente foi descrito que Acanthamoeba polyphaga é capaz de infectar Aedes aegypti, mosquito vetor do vírus da dengue. Visando entender melhor sobre esta interação, estudaramse aspectos comportamentais e de desenvolvimento de mosquitos alimentados com A. polyphaga, em condições de laboratório. Além disso, procurou-se localizar os sítios de infecção destas amebas no interior do corpo dos mosquitos, através de cortes histológicos. Nas condições em que os testes foram feitos, as amebas contribuíram para o aumento de produção de ovos de Ae. aegypti. Da mesma forma, não produziram patologias nos insetos, uma vez que não houve morte dos mesmos, durante o desenvolvimento dos bioensaios. Algumas amebas que serviram de alimentação às larvas, escaparam à barreira da membrana peritrófica e à resposta de defesa do mosquito, invadindo outras regiões do corpo das larvas e dos adultos. As amebas são encontradas nas formas de cistos e trofozoítos, indicando que o micro-habitat intestinal e do corpo gorduroso não parecem ser muito lesivos para as mesmas. Os resultados obtidos até a data indicam a importância da continuidade dos estudos. Também é importante estudar outros processos associados à resposta imune dos mosquitos quando as amebas conseguem escapar as barreiras de defesa e invadir outros locais do corpo. / The interaction between endosymbiont microorganisms and mosquitoes have been widely studied. Such studies have the aim to find alternatives for biological control of mosquitoes. Recently it was reported that Acanthamoeba polyphaga is able of infecting Aedes aegypti the vector mosquito of dengue viruses. In order to better understand such interaction, we studied some biological aspects and development of mosquitoes that fed on A. polyphaga, in laboratory conditions. Furthermore, we tried to clarifying the sites of infection of these amoebae inside the mosquitoes body, using histological sections. In conditions where the tests were done, the amoebas contributed to the increased of egg production of Ae. aegypti. Likewise, no pathologies were observed in the insects, since no death was observed, during the development of bioassays. Some amoebas served as food to the larvae escaped the barrier of the peritrophic membrane, as well as the defense response of the mosquito, invading other body regions of larvae and adults. Amoebas are found in the forms of cysts and trophozoites, indicating that the intestinal micro-habitat and body fat did not appear to be especially harmful to them. The results to date indicate the importance of continuing such studies. It is also important to study other processes associated with the immune response of mosquitoes when amoebae escape the defense barriers and invade other body sites.