Introdução. Acidentes ambientais envolvendo vazamentos de combustíveis automotivos em Postos e Sistemas Retalhistas no Estado de São Paulo, representam 9,6% (522) do total de acidentes ambientais registrados (5.413), no CADAC - Cadastro de Acidentes Ambientais da Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental - CETESB, de 1978 a 2003. Dentre as inúmeras razões para explicar o crescente aumento dessas ocorrências, nos últimos anos, destaca-se o envelhecimento de tanques, tubulações e acessórios. A realização de uma avaliação rápida por parte das equipes de atendimento à emergência é fundamental para identificar os eventuais riscos de explosão e de efeitos adversos à saúde pública, bem como para a identificação da(s) fonte(s) causadora(s) do problema. Objetivo. Definir os procedimentos técnicos e os recursos humanos e materiais necessários bem como a seqüência de ações a serem executadas por equipes de atendimento emergencial nos vazamentos e/ou derramamentos de combustíveis automotivos em postos e sistemas retalhistas. Metodologia. A metodologia empregada nesse trabalho é do tipo descritiva, desenvolvida a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica, em agências ambientais nacionais e internacionais, catálogos de fabricantes de equipamentos portáteis de detecção de gases e vapores tóxicos e inflamáveis, normas técnicas internacionais sobre vazamentos de substâncias líquidas inflamáveis e de práticas recomendáveis para atendimento envolvendo materiais perigosos, bem como da experiência do autor em doze anos de atuação como químico do Setor de Operações de Emergência da CETESB. Resultados. A definição da seqüência mínima de ações, dos recursos humanos e materiais, dos procedimentos técnicos a serem adotados no atendimento emergencial de vazamentos de combustíveis automotivos e a consolidação dessas informações na forma de um protocolo. Conclusões. Este protocolo apresenta-se como um instrumento importante para garantir eficiência dos atendimentos emergenciais, não apenas minimizando os riscos para a saúde da população do entorno destes empreendimentos, como também os danos ambientais decorrentes e os custos envolvidos nas operações de emergência. / Introduction: Environmental accidents involving leakage of automotive fuels at Gas Stations and Retailing Systems in the State of São Paulo account for 9.6% (522) of the total number of registered environmental accidents (5,413), according to CADAC - Environmental Accidents Register of the Environmental Sanitation Technology Company (CETESB) in the period between 1978 and 2003. Among the spate of reasons to explain the increase in these occurrences over the past few years, the aging of tanks, tubings and accessories stands out. A rapid evaluation by the teams which attend to emergencies is fundamental in the identification of eventual risks of explosions and adverse effects on public health, as well as the identification of the causative source(s) of the problem. Objective: To define the technical procedures, human resources and necessary materials, as well as the sequence of actions to be executed by teams for emergency response to accidents involving leakage and/or spillage of automotive fuels at gas stations and retaliling systems. Methodology: The methodology employed in this work is of the descriptive type, developed from bibliographic research at national and international environmental agencies, catalogues of manufacturers of portable toxic and inflammable gases and vapors detectors, international technical norms on leakages of various liquid and flammable substances and from practices recommended for the attending to hazardous materials, as well as the author\'s twelve years of experience in action as a chemist for the Emergency Operations Sector of CETESB. Results: The definition of the minimum sequence of actions, the human resources and materials, the technical procedures to be followed in response to emergency in automotive fuel leakage and the consolidation of this information in a protocol. Conclusions. This protocol is an important instrument in guaranteeing a better efficiency in these emergency responses, not only minimizing the risks to public health upon the failure of these ventures, but also the resulting environmental damage and involved costs in the emergency operation.

This diploma thesis examines the issue of acceptability of a particular transportation project. It is objective is to capture the expenses which arise from a traffic accident. on this basis the goal is to express all expenses of the human death and to compare them with the specific transportation project. In addition to this, different means of accident prevention are to be figured out within the support of public safety. The whole thesis is split into four parts. The first part describes the accidents on Czech roads. The second part deals with the specific expression methodology of the human death. The third shows the real transportation project and the last section evaluates if the expenditure on the implementation of particular project exceed the expenses caused by the accident.

Este estudo analisou o modelo atual de Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador no Estado de São Paulo e explorou desafios, possibilidades e obstáculos para a efetiva atuação dos Centros de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CEREST). A Teoria da Atividade constituiu referencial para sistematização e análise dos dados, com o objetivo de compreender a atividade de Vigilância dos Acidentes de Trabalho em uma perspectiva sistêmica. As opiniões dos profissionais sobre o que fazem, seus problemas e contradições constituíram material privilegiado deste estudo, somado ao levantamento da literatura pertinente e análise documental de legislação e instrumentos de gestão do SUS. Foi possível constatar que a Vigilância dos Acidentes de Trabalho lida com a multiplicidade e complexidade de seu objeto e seus elementos divergem, se agrupam e se contradizem a todo momento. Verificou-se que o cotidiano dos serviços impõem modos de fazer que muitas vezes não são condizentes com as expectativas dos sujeitos. A informação e planejamento das ações foram identificados como peças fundamentais de organização da atividade. Críticas apresentadas ao modelo atual foram apontadas, para serem analisadas e repensadas, visando estruturar coletivamente ações que, ao mesmo tempo, apoie os serviços em sua atividade e resulte em melhoria das condições de trabalho. Muitas faces desta temática não se esgotaram neste estudo, ensejando encaminhamentos para futuras discussões. O estudo trouxe elementos que implicam na re-focalização do que está sendo realizado até o momento. A intervenção proposta no Laboratório de Mudanças parece ser um caminho a ser trilhado em relação ao desenvolvimento futuro da atividade de Vigilância dos Acidentes de Trabalho. Esta pesquisa iniciou um diagnóstico sobre a situação da atividade, as práticas atuais, os principais problemas enfrentados e os principais conceitos e ferramentas utilizados. Porém, para haver mudanças é necessário recolocar em cena os sujeitos para que analisem a estrutura do sistema da atividade, com a ajuda do intervencionista, a partir de uma gama de instrumentos, de modo a analisar com profundidade as contradições e seus impactos e buscar coletivamente na modelagem de novas soluções. / This study was interested in analyzing the current model in Workers\' Health Surveillance in the state of São Paulo and exploring the challenges, possibilities and obstacles for the effective performance of the Reference Centers for Workers\' Health. Based on the ideas of the Theory of Activity for systematization and data analysis, we sought to understand the Work Related Accidents Surveillance activity from a systemic perspective, allowing it to be conceived as a collective activity. This study was interested in analyzing the current model in Workers\' Health Surveillance in the state of São Paulo and exploring the challenges, possibilities and obstacles for the effective performance of the Reference Centers for Workers\' Health. The Theory of Activity was a reference for systematization and data analysis, aiming to understand the Work Related Accidents Surveillance activity from a systemic perspective. The opinions of the professionals about what they do, their problems and contradictions constitute privileged material of this study, together with the pertinent literature and documentary analysis of SUS management legislation and instruments. It was possible to verify that the Work Related Accidents Surveillance deals with the multiplicity and complexity of its object and its elements diverge, group and contradict each other at all times. It was found that the daily services impose modes of doing that are often not in keeping with the expectations of the subjects. The information and planning of the actions were identified as fundamental pieces of organization of the activity. Criticisms presented to the current model were pointed out, to be analyzed and rethought, aiming at collectively structuring actions that, at the same time, support services in their activity and result in improved working conditions. Many aspects of this theme have not been exhausted in this study, leading to future discussions. The study has brought elements that imply in the re-focusing of what is being done so far. The intervention proposed in the Changes Laboratory of seems to be a path to be followed in to the future development of the Work Related Accidents Surveillance activity. This research began a diagnosis about the activity situation, the current practices, the main problems faced and the main concepts and tools used. However, in order to make changes, it is necessary to bring it back the subjects to analyze the structure of the system of the activity, with the interventionist\'s help, from a range of instruments, in order to analyze in depth the contradictions and their impacts and to search collectively in modeling new solutions.

Introdução. Acidentes ambientais envolvendo vazamentos de combustíveis automotivos em Postos e Sistemas Retalhistas no Estado de São Paulo, representam 9,6% (522) do total de acidentes ambientais registrados (5.413), no CADAC - Cadastro de Acidentes Ambientais da Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental - CETESB, de 1978 a 2003. Dentre as inúmeras razões para explicar o crescente aumento dessas ocorrências, nos últimos anos, destaca-se o envelhecimento de tanques, tubulações e acessórios. A realização de uma avaliação rápida por parte das equipes de atendimento à emergência é fundamental para identificar os eventuais riscos de explosão e de efeitos adversos à saúde pública, bem como para a identificação da(s) fonte(s) causadora(s) do problema. Objetivo. Definir os procedimentos técnicos e os recursos humanos e materiais necessários bem como a seqüência de ações a serem executadas por equipes de atendimento emergencial nos vazamentos e/ou derramamentos de combustíveis automotivos em postos e sistemas retalhistas. Metodologia. A metodologia empregada nesse trabalho é do tipo descritiva, desenvolvida a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica, em agências ambientais nacionais e internacionais, catálogos de fabricantes de equipamentos portáteis de detecção de gases e vapores tóxicos e inflamáveis, normas técnicas internacionais sobre vazamentos de substâncias líquidas inflamáveis e de práticas recomendáveis para atendimento envolvendo materiais perigosos, bem como da experiência do autor em doze anos de atuação como químico do Setor de Operações de Emergência da CETESB. Resultados. A definição da seqüência mínima de ações, dos recursos humanos e materiais, dos procedimentos técnicos a serem adotados no atendimento emergencial de vazamentos de combustíveis automotivos e a consolidação dessas informações na forma de um protocolo. Conclusões. Este protocolo apresenta-se como um instrumento importante para garantir eficiência dos atendimentos emergenciais, não apenas minimizando os riscos para a saúde da população do entorno destes empreendimentos, como também os danos ambientais decorrentes e os custos envolvidos nas operações de emergência. / Introduction: Environmental accidents involving leakage of automotive fuels at Gas Stations and Retailing Systems in the State of São Paulo account for 9.6% (522) of the total number of registered environmental accidents (5,413), according to CADAC - Environmental Accidents Register of the Environmental Sanitation Technology Company (CETESB) in the period between 1978 and 2003. Among the spate of reasons to explain the increase in these occurrences over the past few years, the aging of tanks, tubings and accessories stands out. A rapid evaluation by the teams which attend to emergencies is fundamental in the identification of eventual risks of explosions and adverse effects on public health, as well as the identification of the causative source(s) of the problem. Objective: To define the technical procedures, human resources and necessary materials, as well as the sequence of actions to be executed by teams for emergency response to accidents involving leakage and/or spillage of automotive fuels at gas stations and retaliling systems. Methodology: The methodology employed in this work is of the descriptive type, developed from bibliographic research at national and international environmental agencies, catalogues of manufacturers of portable toxic and inflammable gases and vapors detectors, international technical norms on leakages of various liquid and flammable substances and from practices recommended for the attending to hazardous materials, as well as the author\'s twelve years of experience in action as a chemist for the Emergency Operations Sector of CETESB. Results: The definition of the minimum sequence of actions, the human resources and materials, the technical procedures to be followed in response to emergency in automotive fuel leakage and the consolidation of this information in a protocol. Conclusions. This protocol is an important instrument in guaranteeing a better efficiency in these emergency responses, not only minimizing the risks to public health upon the failure of these ventures, but also the resulting environmental damage and involved costs in the emergency operation.

Sun, Yu. / "August 2010." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 239-245). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / TABLES AND CHARTS --- p.iv / REGULATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS --- p.v / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHATPER 2 --- CONSTRUCTING A FRAMEWORK FOR COMPENSATING WORK-RELATED INJURY: AN IMPORTANT MISSION --- p.31 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- WORKERS' COMPENSATION SYSTEM IN CHINA: STRUCTURE AND PROBLEMS --- p.60 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- WORKERS' COMPENSATION MODEL THEORY AND ITS CHANGE THROUGH GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE --- p.112 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- FEASIBLE STRUCTURE FOR WORKERS' COMPENSATION SYSTEM IN CHINA --- p.146 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- FURTHER REFORM CONSIDERATIONS FOR WORKERS' COMPENSATION SYSTEM IN CHINA --- p.201 / DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.233 / REFERENCE --- p.239

The expenditures resulting from work accidents is increasing every year. Among the other work accidents, mine accidents result important loss of time, money and lives. From the point of view of mine accidents, studies about cost of mine accidents need some contributions. In this thesis, cost of mine accidents to worker, employer, and total economy of country will be analysed in the light of data from Ministry of Labour, Social Security and Social Insurance Institution, and T&uuml / rkiye Coal Enterprises. General Analysis is carried out within all industrial sectors, Mining sector, and Coal Mining sector. Detailed analysis is carried out within Western Lignite Company (GLi). Occupational accidents have vital importance for the mines from legal, human and economic aspects. The goal of every mine should be to minimize occupational accidents. The top management of every mine should prove their commitments to the occupational health and safety policy to carry out this goal by means of preparing and implementing an accident preventing program.

Launch activities are increasingly performed by private entities and launch participants deal with a complex legal environment. The Space Treaties provide a framework placing liability for non-governmental activities on the launching State and the duty to authorize and supervise them on the appropriate State. Launch participants are subject to specific regulation in certain States or are under institutional State control in others. They also have to comply with general domestic law of liability. Limited insurance availability led to the development of contractual risk allocation techniques, the inter-participants waivers of liability and claims, inspired by NASA practice. / This thesis offers a contribution with the synthesis of information, so far scattered, on today's legal environment, providing an overview of the norms at play in this field to allow the grasp of their relative weight and interactions in the assessment of liability risk attached to launch activities. / This synthesis reveals a legal framework presently lacking the predictability necessary for an efficient liability risk management: (1) inter-participants waivers of liability suffer the weaknesses of all limitation of liability clauses; they also lack uniformity and implementation rigor; (2) the Space Treaties contain ambiguous terms preventing predictable determination of the State liable for damage and the State obliged to authorize and supervise launch activities, and do not reflect the de facto primary liability of launch operators. / This thesis offers a contribution to the advancement of legal work on these problems by suggesting new approaches emphasizing the need for: (1) harmonization of inter-participants waivers of liability to improve their consistency and validity and ensure identical flow-down by all participants; (2) improvements of the Outer Space Treaty, Liability Convention and Registration Convention for their implementation to non-governmental launch activities. / Although the launch community is small and the need for lawmaking is not as compelling as in fields such as aviation. Nevertheless, tailored adjustments to the present legal framework are required and proposed in this thesis through model clauses and an international instrument, both of which are submitted for further thinking and contribution by those sharing the opinion that creative lawmaking is now necessary to prepare for tomorrow's endeavors.

Cette étude qualitative descriptive de type exploratoire avait pour but l’exploration de la perception des adolescents et des experts en sécurité routière sur les campagnes de sensibilisation actuelles et les programmes de prévention en sécurité routière s’adressant aux adolescents, afin de proposer de nouvelles pistes d’action en prévention des accidents de la route. Le modèle de planification Precede/Proceed de Green et Kreuter (2005) a été utilisé comme cadre de référence. Un groupe de discussion a été réalisé auprès de huit adolescents et des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées auprès de trois experts en sécurité routière. Les résultats montrent que peu de similitudes existent entre les propos des adolescents et ceux des experts en sécurité routière. Par contre, les similitudes portent sur des aspects importants en sécurité routière comme la prise du risque à l’adolescence, l’implication des parents et l’implication du milieu scolaire. Les résultats de cette étude fourniront aux décideurs de programmes de prévention ou aux personnes agissant de près ou de loin auprès de cette clientèle des pistes de recherches et d’actions pour de futures interventions prometteuses en prévention des accidents de la route chez les adolescents afin de réduire le nombre d’accidents chez les jeunes conducteurs. / The goal of this qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study is to explore road safety experts and adolescents perceptions of current public awareness campaigns and road safety prevention programs aimed at adolescents, in order to find ways to prevent car accidents. Green & Kreuter’s Precede/Proceed Planning Model (2005) is the frame of reference used. A focus discussion group composed of eight adolescents and semi-directed interviews with three road safety experts were conducted. The results show very few similarities between the perceptions of adolescents and those of road safety experts. However, both agree on vital aspects of road safety, such as risk-taking during adolescence, and the involvement of parents and school environments. Also, the road safety experts comments were very similar to each other. The results of this study are important for people responsible of prevention campaigns and people working with this clientele. It provides research avenues and action plans focused on the prevention of car accidents in order to decrease the number of car accidents involving young drivers.

At the international level, standards and recommended practices adopted by the ICAO have settled the general framework followed by States in the provision of ATC services. However, as those international instruments have no binding effect, liability of air traffic controllers is governed by national regulations. Therefore, if in both the United States and France the liability regime is based on fault, nevertheless the nature of the fault and the one of the duties of air traffic controllers, as determined by the courts of each States, differ. This lack of uniformity is also obvious regarding the comparison between controllers' and pilots' liabilities. To mitigate the consequences of the deficiency of harmonisation, taking into account technical improvements inherent to the field of ATC and, broadly, to air navigation, two solutions have been suggested. The first one, Free flight, is still under study whereby the second one, privatisation, has already been successfully implemented in several countries and, while being strongly considered by the French government, has by now been initiated by the American one. However, we will have no option but to ascertain that such solutions will not solve the problem pertaining to disparities of regulations and holding of the courts on the matter of air traffic controllers' liability.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.