published_or_final_version / Geography / Master / Master of Philosophy

Cette étude qualitative descriptive de type exploratoire avait pour but l’exploration de la perception des adolescents et des experts en sécurité routière sur les campagnes de sensibilisation actuelles et les programmes de prévention en sécurité routière s’adressant aux adolescents, afin de proposer de nouvelles pistes d’action en prévention des accidents de la route. Le modèle de planification Precede/Proceed de Green et Kreuter (2005) a été utilisé comme cadre de référence. Un groupe de discussion a été réalisé auprès de huit adolescents et des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées auprès de trois experts en sécurité routière. Les résultats montrent que peu de similitudes existent entre les propos des adolescents et ceux des experts en sécurité routière. Par contre, les similitudes portent sur des aspects importants en sécurité routière comme la prise du risque à l’adolescence, l’implication des parents et l’implication du milieu scolaire. Les résultats de cette étude fourniront aux décideurs de programmes de prévention ou aux personnes agissant de près ou de loin auprès de cette clientèle des pistes de recherches et d’actions pour de futures interventions prometteuses en prévention des accidents de la route chez les adolescents afin de réduire le nombre d’accidents chez les jeunes conducteurs. / The goal of this qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study is to explore road safety experts and adolescents perceptions of current public awareness campaigns and road safety prevention programs aimed at adolescents, in order to find ways to prevent car accidents. Green & Kreuter’s Precede/Proceed Planning Model (2005) is the frame of reference used. A focus discussion group composed of eight adolescents and semi-directed interviews with three road safety experts were conducted. The results show very few similarities between the perceptions of adolescents and those of road safety experts. However, both agree on vital aspects of road safety, such as risk-taking during adolescence, and the involvement of parents and school environments. Also, the road safety experts comments were very similar to each other. The results of this study are important for people responsible of prevention campaigns and people working with this clientele. It provides research avenues and action plans focused on the prevention of car accidents in order to decrease the number of car accidents involving young drivers.

Accidents cause economic losses to the company as well as suffering and general discontent among the employees. With an increased global responsibility, companies are not only answerable for what goes on inside their own gates but also for retailers and customers. When the packaging becomes a danger, how will we know what to replace it with? At IMI Hydronic Engineering, employees hurt themselves on the metal staples that seal the cartons, but is replacing metal staples with plastic tape an economical and safely viable option? This thesis dives into the workplace environment and collects data from semi-structural interviews with the employees and an evaluation of internal accident records. The main focuses are safety and economics, although the economy aspect has had to stand back due to the lack of empirical data. The results show that the tools and systems in place to protect the employees, where applied, are working and the workers believe that their job could be executed with a lower risk, perhaps even without a loss of production. The suggestion to the company is that to fully understand the costs, a collection of data regarding the current costs is needed and that usage of gloves by the employees might help lower the number of accidents per year. Suggestions for further studies include ecological aspects, profit versus costs and product returns due to inadequate packaging.

No abstract provided / GR 2016

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering, 2016 / Eskom is a state owned enterprise that generates, transmits and distributes electricity to various sectors. Hence, it supports South Africa’s growth and development aspirations by constructing new electricity infrastructure. This can be achieved by adopting safety, health, environmental and quality (SHEQ) management as a business imperative. Presently, there have been a number of incidents and accidents at some construction sites of the Eskom distribution sector in the Mpumalanga province, which are mainly due to non-compliance with construction health and safety. This research project aims to determine the compliance of contractors servicing Eskom. This is achieved by checking the compliance of the health and safety file of contractors with the Safety, Health and Environmental specification checklist of Eskom. The study aims to investigate if the use of the checklist has improved contractors’ compliance by 2014. In order to achieve these aims, factors are addressed relating to the current state of construction health and safety legislation; the impact of construction health and safety on the economy; project parameters; roles and responsibilities of parties involved on construction sites; performance of small and emerging contractors. The study shows that established contractors always achieved higher compliance when compared to the emerging contractors. In 2014, 90% of contractors complied with the checklist, hence in 2015/16 the contractors can be expected to meet the 100% requirement, therefore complying with the Eskom value of “Zero Harm”.

The purpose of this study was to (a) explore the lived experiences of school district employees who have sustained on-the-job injuries with specific attention to employee perceptions of employer response after injury and (b) examine whether purposeful empathetic response from the employer after workplace injury was related to changes in employee perceptions of employer response. This study included both qualitative and quantitative methods. In Phase 1, the sample for the interviews included nine workers from a large school district in South Florida who had active injury claims within two years before the study began. The Phase 1 findings were that the level of assistance and type of support received after reporting an injury varied among participants, despite working for the same employer; that the perceived response from the employer was more influential in affecting the participants' experience of workplace injury than participants' perception of the response of their coworkers; t hat the reaction from a majority of the school district employees (6 of 9) who were injured at work mirrored perceived employer response; and that more than half of the nine participants had unmet expectations of their employer with respect to how they were treated after experiencing workplace injury. In Phase 2, the 91 subjects that participated in the organizational response survey (See Appendix E and Appendix F) were employees from the same school district who were injured during an eight-week period. Data from three subscales (organizational support, return-to-work policies, and post-injury job satisfaction) on the survey instrument were compared between two groups. / An experimental group received purposeful empathetic response from both the employer at the local school or department level as well as contact from the employer's Risk Management department. Analysis of variance was used to compare responses of the groups. A Bonferroni adjustment of .05/3 or .017 was applied: the result was non-significant. This finding suggests that purposeful, empathetic contact alone was not enough to significantly affect the participants' scores. / by Nancy S. Patrick. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010? / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Este estudo analisou o modelo atual de Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador no Estado de São Paulo e explorou desafios, possibilidades e obstáculos para a efetiva atuação dos Centros de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CEREST). A Teoria da Atividade constituiu referencial para sistematização e análise dos dados, com o objetivo de compreender a atividade de Vigilância dos Acidentes de Trabalho em uma perspectiva sistêmica. As opiniões dos profissionais sobre o que fazem, seus problemas e contradições constituíram material privilegiado deste estudo, somado ao levantamento da literatura pertinente e análise documental de legislação e instrumentos de gestão do SUS. Foi possível constatar que a Vigilância dos Acidentes de Trabalho lida com a multiplicidade e complexidade de seu objeto e seus elementos divergem, se agrupam e se contradizem a todo momento. Verificou-se que o cotidiano dos serviços impõem modos de fazer que muitas vezes não são condizentes com as expectativas dos sujeitos. A informação e planejamento das ações foram identificados como peças fundamentais de organização da atividade. Críticas apresentadas ao modelo atual foram apontadas, para serem analisadas e repensadas, visando estruturar coletivamente ações que, ao mesmo tempo, apoie os serviços em sua atividade e resulte em melhoria das condições de trabalho. Muitas faces desta temática não se esgotaram neste estudo, ensejando encaminhamentos para futuras discussões. O estudo trouxe elementos que implicam na re-focalização do que está sendo realizado até o momento. A intervenção proposta no Laboratório de Mudanças parece ser um caminho a ser trilhado em relação ao desenvolvimento futuro da atividade de Vigilância dos Acidentes de Trabalho. Esta pesquisa iniciou um diagnóstico sobre a situação da atividade, as práticas atuais, os principais problemas enfrentados e os principais conceitos e ferramentas utilizados. Porém, para haver mudanças é necessário recolocar em cena os sujeitos para que analisem a estrutura do sistema da atividade, com a ajuda do intervencionista, a partir de uma gama de instrumentos, de modo a analisar com profundidade as contradições e seus impactos e buscar coletivamente na modelagem de novas soluções. / This study was interested in analyzing the current model in Workers\' Health Surveillance in the state of São Paulo and exploring the challenges, possibilities and obstacles for the effective performance of the Reference Centers for Workers\' Health. Based on the ideas of the Theory of Activity for systematization and data analysis, we sought to understand the Work Related Accidents Surveillance activity from a systemic perspective, allowing it to be conceived as a collective activity. This study was interested in analyzing the current model in Workers\' Health Surveillance in the state of São Paulo and exploring the challenges, possibilities and obstacles for the effective performance of the Reference Centers for Workers\' Health. The Theory of Activity was a reference for systematization and data analysis, aiming to understand the Work Related Accidents Surveillance activity from a systemic perspective. The opinions of the professionals about what they do, their problems and contradictions constitute privileged material of this study, together with the pertinent literature and documentary analysis of SUS management legislation and instruments. It was possible to verify that the Work Related Accidents Surveillance deals with the multiplicity and complexity of its object and its elements diverge, group and contradict each other at all times. It was found that the daily services impose modes of doing that are often not in keeping with the expectations of the subjects. The information and planning of the actions were identified as fundamental pieces of organization of the activity. Criticisms presented to the current model were pointed out, to be analyzed and rethought, aiming at collectively structuring actions that, at the same time, support services in their activity and result in improved working conditions. Many aspects of this theme have not been exhausted in this study, leading to future discussions. The study has brought elements that imply in the re-focusing of what is being done so far. The intervention proposed in the Changes Laboratory of seems to be a path to be followed in to the future development of the Work Related Accidents Surveillance activity. This research began a diagnosis about the activity situation, the current practices, the main problems faced and the main concepts and tools used. However, in order to make changes, it is necessary to bring it back the subjects to analyze the structure of the system of the activity, with the interventionist\'s help, from a range of instruments, in order to analyze in depth the contradictions and their impacts and to search collectively in modeling new solutions.

Introdução: os acidentes ocupacionais envolvendo material biológico são uma preocupação para as instituições de saúde, uma vez que podem causar sérios agravos à saúde dos profissionais. Os trabalhadores de enfermagem têm sido os mais acometidos por esses acidentes e m edidas profiláticas são essenciais para minimizar o risco de soroconversão aos patógenos veiculados pelo sangue. Objetivo: avaliar as condutas relatadas pelos profissionais de enfermagem que sofreram exposição a material biológico referentes à notificação do acidente por meio da CAT e a procura por atendimento clínico especializado. Materiais e Métodos: trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal realizado num hospital especializado em oncologia do interior paulista, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da referida instituição. No momento da coleta de dados trabalhavam no hospital 518 profissionais de enfermagem, 51 recusaram participar e 26 estavam afastados, assim a população foi composta por 441 profissionais que aceitaram participar do estudo, mediante a assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas individuais, realizadas no próprio loca l de trabalho, no período de 01/01/2011 a 30/06/2011, e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, utilizando-se o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versão17.0. Resultados: dos 441 sujeitos entrevistados, 82 referiram ter sofrido 127 acidentes com material biológico nos doze meses que antecederam a data da entrevista. Ressalta-se que 57,3% dos profissionais acidentados realizaram a conduta corret a, ou seja, notificaram o acidente por meio da Comunicação de Acidente de Trabalho e procuraram atendimento clínico especializado, porém 42,7% não adot aram nenhuma conduta após o acidente. Quanto aos motivos alegados pelos profissionais de enfermagem para não notificarem o acidente por meio da CAT e não procurar o atendimento clínico especializado o mais freqüente foi considerar a notificação desnecessária, subestimando o risco do acidente (72,1%). Conclusão: o presente estudo permitiu identificar a prevalência de subnotificação dos acidentes com material biológico pela equipe de enfermagem e também os principais motivos aleg ados pelos profissionais que não adotaram a conduta preconizada na instituição. Acredita-se que esses resultados podem contribuir para a elaboraç ão e implementação de medidas visando aumentar a adesão às condutas pós-exposição e consequentemente melhorar a segurança dos trabalhadores. / Introduction: occupational accidents involving biological material are a concern for the health institutions, since it can cause serious damage to the health of professionals. The nursing team has been most affected by such accidents, thus preventive measures are essential to mi nimize the risk of seroconversion to bloodborne pathogens. Objective: to evaluate the conducts reported by nursing professionals, who were exposed to biologic al material, relating to notification of the accident through the COA and the demand for specialized clinical care. Materials and Methods: this is a cross-sectional study conducted in a specialized oncology hospital in the interior of São Paulo State, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of that institution. At the time of data collec tion, 518 nursing professionals worked in the hospital; 51 refused to participate and 26 had work leave, so the population was composed of 44 1 professionals who accept ed to participate in the study by signing the consent form. Data we re collected through individual interviews performed in the workplace from 01/01/2011 to 30/06/2011, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, through the Statistica l Package for the Social Sciences, version 17.0. Results: of the 441 subjects interviewed, 82 reported having suffered 127 accidents with biological material in the tw elve months preceding the interview date. It is highlighted that 57.3% of the injur ed professionals made the right conduct, i.e., reported the accident through the Communication of Occupational Accidents (COA) and sought specialized clinical care; how ever 42.7% did not adopted any conduct after the accident. Regarding the reasons given by nursing staff for not reporting the accident through the COA and not seek specialized clinical care, the most frequent were they did not consider it important to report, underestimating the risk of accident (72.1%). Conclusion: this study identified the prev alence of the underreporting of accidents with biological material by the nursing staff and also the main reasons given by the professionals who have not adopted the conduct recommended by the institution. It is believed that these resu lts may contribute to the development and implementation of measures to incr ease adherence to post-exposure conduct and thus to improve the safety of professionals.

by Chan Man Shing, Ho Chak Chong Philip. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 91-92.

L’attention est un prérequis à l’exécution de la majorité des tâches que nous réalisons au quotidien. Si notre niveau d’attention fluctue naturellement au cours de la journée, de nombreux facteurs peuvent également altérer notre niveau de vigilance (p. ex. alcool, médicaments) ou détourner notre attention (p. ex. téléphone, pensées) et, dès lors, nous exposer à un risque d’accident. En accidentologie routière, les défauts d’attention sont devenus un enjeu de préoccupation majeur, mais des questions demeurent en suspens. Et qu’en est-il des autres traumatismes non intentionnels ? L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était d’étudier le rôle des défauts d’attention dans la survenue de traumatismes non intentionnels. Il s’agissait d’explorer des questions épidémiologiques restées en suspens en accidentologie routière tout en élargissant la problématique à ces accidents moins connus que sont les accidents de la vie courante (AcVC). Pour ce faire, trois axes ont été explorés. Le premier a consisté à étudier le lien entre consommation de médicaments et risque d’accident de la route chez les piétons en s’appuyant sur l’appariement des données sur les remboursements de médicaments de l’Assurance Maladie avec celles sur les accidents de la circulation recueillies par les forces de l’ordre. Dans un second temps, nous nous sommes intéressés à la problématique des différents types de distraction au volant. Cette seconde partie a reposé sur les données d’une étude menée au CHU de Bordeaux. Enfin, un dernier axe a consisté à étudier le rôle des défauts d’attention dans la survenue des AcVC en s’appuyant sur les données d’une cohorte prospective et en ligne sur les AcVC. Dans cette dernière étude, les défauts d’attention ont été étudiés sous l’angle du mind-wandering en tant que trait mesuré par le biais d’un questionnaire ainsi que par l’implémentation de trois tests neuropsychologiques en ligne. Plusieurs classes de médicaments, dont les benzodiazépines, étaient associées à une augmentation du risque d’accident chez les piétons. Dans l’étude sur la distraction au volant, la distraction visuelle a été identifiée comme étant celle qui présentait le plus de risque. Enfin, si aucun lien n’a été trouvé entre les mesures aux tests neuropsychologiques et le risque d’accident de la vie courante, le mind-wandering trait a été associé à une augmentation du risque d’accident de type sports, loisirs et déplacements. Ce travail fournit un éclairage essentiel sur des questions restées jusqu’ici inexplorées. Au-delà des conducteurs et du risque routier, nos résultats indiquent que les défauts d’attention pourraient également présenter un risque pour les piétons ainsi que pour la survenue d’autres accidents du quotidien. Dans les années à venir, la part des défauts d’attention dans la survenue de traumatismes devrait encore croître du fait notamment de l’utilisation croissante des nouvelles technologies dans notre quotidien. Par conséquent, mieux comprendre le rôle de ces défauts d’attention dans la survenue de traumatismes non intentionnels est plus que jamais essentiel. / Attention is a complex process that is required in almost all our daily activities. Beyond its natural fluctuation during the day, our level of attention is also influenced by a large range of factors that can diminish our level of alertness (e.g. medicines, alcohol use) or divert our attention (e.g. mobile phone, thoughts) thus exposing us to the occurrence of unintentional injuries. In road traffic safety, attention failures have been identified as a major cause of concern but questions remain unsolved. What about attentional failures in the occurrence of daily-life injuries ? The aim of this thesis was to explore the role of attention failures on the risk of unintentional injuries. The idea was to explore epidemiological issues that remained unresolved in road traffic injuries while extending the problematic to those lesser-known injuries that are Home and Leisure Injuries (HLIs). To that end, this thesis was divided in three parts. First, we investigated the association between medicine use and the risk of road traffic injuries among pedestrians. To do that, we used data on road traffic crashes collected by the French police forces matching with data on reimbursed medicine from the French Health insurance. In a second part, we were interested in several types of driving distractions on the risk of road traffic crashes using data from a sample of road users interviewed at the Bordeaux University Hospital. The third and final part was to study the role of attentional failures on the occurrence of HLIs and was based on data from a prospective and online cohort on HLIs. Attentional failures were studied from the perspective of mind-wandering as a trait measured through a questionnaire and also the implementation of three online neuropsychological tests. Several medicine classes, including benzodiazepines, were associated with an increased risk of being involved in a road traffic crash as a pedestrian. In the study on distracted driving, the higher risk was found for visual distraction. Finally, whereas neuropsychological test scores were not associated with a higher risk of HLI, mind-wandering trait was associated with a higher risk of sport, leisure and moving-related injuries. This work provides essential insights into issues that have remained unexplored to date. Beyond the drivers and road risk, our results indicate that attentional failures could also present a risk for pedestrians as well as for the occurrence of other everyday injuries. In years, to come, the share of attentional failures in the occurrence of injuries is expected to further increase, particularly due to the increasing use of new technologies in our daily live. Therefore, a better understanding of the role of these attentional failures in the occurrence of unintentional injuries is more than ever essential.