Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Bibliography: leaves 116-138.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Physiology and Integrative Biology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-114).

Correct dosing in pharmacotherapeutics is based on the idea that too much of a drug will cause toxicity, while too little will result in failure to elicit the desired response. A major factor in the ability of a patient to handle any dose of a drug is the capacity to metabolize and eliminate that drug from the body. For the vast majority of drugs, the liver plays a key role in determining the rate at which drugs are eliminated. First, drugs must be taken up across the cell membrane into hepatocytes by uptake transporters. Once inside the hepatocyte, biotransformation enzymes metabolize and conjugate the drug to a more water-soluble compound, the distribution of which is more easily controlled. These water-soluble metabolites are then transported out of the hepatocyte by additional drug transporters either into bile for elimination, or back into the blood.More than 2 million severe adverse drug reactions occur in the US each year and often result from interindividual variation in the ability to metabolize and eliminate drugs. This number does not include medical errors, but rather circumstances where an individual is unable to handle the standard dose of the correctly prescribed drug. Although genetics plays an important role, the greatest source of variation comes from other environmental factors such as disease states. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic condition that comprises a spectrum of histopathologies that range from simple steatosis to the more severe steatohepatitis. Specifically, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become one of the leading causes for liver transplantation in the United States, and thus clearly become a considerable burden to the U.S. healthcare system.It is not known whether the capacity of the liver to metabolize and excrete drugs is altered in patients with NASH. Because the liver plays such a critical role in drug metabolism and disposition, any disease state that disrupts or modifies these functions will alter the fate of a given drug within the body. It is therefore very likely that the ability of the liver to metabolize and excrete clinically relevant drugs is compromised in NASH patients.

Erratum tipped in before chapter 1. / Bibliography: leaves 226-248. / xv, 248 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Shows that pretreatment with peroxisome proliferators protects mice against the acute hepatotoxicity of paracetamol, in addition to a number of other toxicants. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, 1999

Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmacology))--Mahidol University, 1983.

Thesis (M.S.)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. / Ronald W. Rousseau, Committee Chair ; William J. Koros, Committee Member ; Angus P. Wilkinson, Committee Member ; David J. am Ende, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009. / Includes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 10, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Chair: Dr Rousseau, Ronald W; Committee Co-Chair: Dr Grover Gallivan, Martha; Committee Member: Dr Realff, Matthew; Committee Member: Dr Garmestani, Hamid; Committee Member: Dr Nenes, Athanasios.

O transplante de hepatócitos é uma modalidade terapêutica atrativa para as doenças hepáticas, assim como uma alternativa para o transplante hepático. O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar a efetividade do transplante de hepatócitos de ratos nos modelos de hepatotoxicidade aguda induzida por paracetamol (1g/kg e 1,5g/kg). Os hepatócitos foram isolados de ratos Wistar machos e transplantados 24 horas após em receptoras fêmeas com hepatotoxicidade de 1g/kg. Os ratos fêmeas receberam 1x107 hepatócitos (grupo 1, n=20) ou PBS (grupo 2, n=24) através da veia porta ou no baço. A análise de sobrevida em 3 dias demonstrou que todos os animais do grupo 1 sobreviveram, enquanto 5 animais do grupo 2 morreram (P=0,03), todas as mortes ocorreram nos ratos que receberam PBS através da veia porta (P=0,001). Os níveis de alanina aminotransferase e fator V que foram medidos no experimento não mostraram diferença entre o grupo 1 e o grupo 2 em nenhum momento. A análise molecular e a histologia mostraram a presença de hepatócitos no fígado de animais transplantados através da veia porta ou pelo baço. O modelo de hepatotoxicidade aguda induzida por paracetamol (1g/kg) demonstrou que o transplante de hepatócitos de ratos aumenta a sobrevida quando o local de injeção é na veia porta. No modelo de hepatotoxicidade aguda induzida por paracetamol (1,5g/kg), os hepatócitos foram isolados de ratos Wistar machos, e transplantados 6 horas após em receptoras fêmeas. Os ratos fêmeas receberam 1x107 hepatócitos (grupo 1, n=33) ou PBS (grupo 2, n=24) no baço. A análise de sobrevida em 3 dias demonstrou que 9 animais do grupo 1, e 9 animais do grupo 2 morreram no dia 2. Não houve diferença estatística significativa na análise de sobrevida entre o grupo 1 e o grupo 2. Nossos dados demonstram que o isolamento de hepatócitos é um procedimento factível. O transplante de hepatócitos é uma técnica que pode ser aplicada em modelos animais de IHA levando ao aumento da sobrevida. Entretanto, o modelo utilizado no presente estudo apresentou um alto grau de variabilidade, tornando necessária a avaliação do transplante de hepatócitos em um modelo mais reprodutível. / Hepatocyte transplantation is an attractive therapeutic modality for liver disease as an alternative for liver transplantation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of rat hepatocyte transplantation in the acetaminophen-induced acute hepatotoxicity models (1g/kg and 1,5g/kg). Hepatocytes were isolated from male Wistar rats and transplanted 24 hours later in female recipients with hepatotoxicity of 1g/kg of acetaminophen. Female rats received either 1x107 hepatocytes (group1, n=20) or PBS (group 2, n=24) through the portal vein or into the spleen. Survival analyses in 3 days showed that all animals from group 1 survived, whereas 5 rats from group 2 died (P=0.03), all deaths occurred in rats that received PBS into the portal vein (P=0.001). Alanine aminotransferase and factor V levels measured within the experiment did not differ between groups 1 and 2 at any time point. Molecular analysis and histology showed presence of hepatocytes in liver of transplanted animals injected either through portal vein or spleen. Our data in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity model (1g/kg) demonstrate that rat hepatocyte transplantation increases survival when the site of injection is into portal vein in this hepatotoxicity model. In the acetaminophen-induced acute hepatotoxicity model (1,5g/kg), hepatocytes were isolated from male Wistar rats and transplanted 6 hours later in female recipients. Female rats received either 1x107 hepatocytes (group1, n=33) or PBS (group 2, n=24) into the spleen. Survival analyses in 3 days showed that 9 rats from group 1 and 9 rats from group 2 died at day 2. There was no statistical significance in survival between group 1 and group 2. Our data demonstrate that hepatocyte isolation is a feasible procedure. Hepatocyte transplantation can be used in animal models of acute liver failure increasing survival. The model of the present study show a higher variability, therefore it´s necessary to evaluate hepatocyte transplantation in a more reproducible model.