Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:25:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissetacao_marislei.pdf: 1330253 bytes, checksum: 79323fee18b3f3953180f7217a8dfe40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-21 / Adherence to antiretroviral therapy reduces the risk of treatment failure, toxicity and resistance, so the therapeutic monitoring is necessary in the treatment of infection by human immunodeficiency virus. The aim of this study was to determine, through clinical and laboratory studies, the compliance of individuals sickened by HIV / AIDS with antiretroviral therapy before and after three nursing interventions. The study design was analytical, descriptive, prospective and quantitative, using data from medical records, interviews and blood sampling for plasma levels of efavirenz by HPLC analysis, including subjects with a diagnosis of HIV / AIDS, attended at the Hospital for Diseases Tropical Goiânia - Goiás and treated with zidovudine/ lamivudine and efavirenz. The results of analysis of data from 15 subjects indicate a socio-demographic profile, predominantly male, young, heterosexual. After nursing intervention, there was a change in 48% of the diagnoses. We also noticed a positive change in the rates of CD4, corresponding to 14%. As viral count, an increase of subjects with undetectable loads of 1 st to 2 nd nursing intervention (20%, or 73.3% to 93.3%). Chromatographic analysis of plasma of the subjects indicated that 60% of them had adequate medication adherence, and 40% increased adhesion between the 1st and 2nd visits by nurses, 10% between the 1st and 3rd and 10% between the 2nd and 3rd queries. The factor that was associated with high concentration rate after adjustment in nursing diagnoses and prescriptions was having difficulty using the antiretroviral in the same time. It was also demonstrated significant difference between mean plasma concentrations of efavirenz from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd interventions. Considering the reference measurement of plasma concentrations of efavirenz, the method of accession had a sensitivity and specificity, with high proportion of agreement between the rate of CD4, nursing diagnosis and analysis of the plasma of subjects. Conclusions: the systematization of nursing care and determination of plasma concentrations should be incorporated into the routine outpatient care, for better monitoring of adherence to antiretroviral therapy of individuals sickened by HIV / AIDS. / A adesão à terapia antirretroviral reduz o risco de falha terapêutica, toxicidade e resistência, por isso a monitoração terapêutica é necessária no tratamento da infecção por vírus da imunodeficiência humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, por meio de estudos clínicos e laboratoriais, a adesão de sujeitos adoecidos por HIV/AIDS à terapia antirretroviral, antes e depois de três intervenções de enfermagem. O estudo foi do tipo analítico, descritivo, prospectivo e quantitativo, utilizando dados dos prontuários, entrevistas e coleta de sangue para dosagens plasmáticas de efavirenz por meio de análise cromatográfica, incluindo sujeitos com diagnóstico para HIV/AIDS, atendidos no ambulatório do Hospital de Doenças Tropicais de Goiânia Goiás e tratados com zidovudina/lamivudina e efavirenz. Os resultados da análise dos dados dos 15 sujeitos indicam um perfil sócio-demográfico, predominantemente masculino, jovem, heterossexual. Após intervenção de enfermagem, houve uma alteração em 48% dos diagnósticos de enfermagem. Observou-se também alteração positiva das taxas de CD4, correspondendo a 14%. Quanto a contagem viral, houve aumento de sujeitos com carga indetectável da 1ª para a 2ª intervenção de enfermagem (20%, ou seja, de 73,3% para 93,3%). A análise cromatográfica dos plasmas dos sujeitos indicou que 60% deles apresentaram adequada adesão ao medicamento, sendo que em 40% aumentou a adesão entre a 1ª e a 2ª consultas de enfermagem, 10% entre a 1ª e a 3ª e 10% entre a 2ª e a 3ª consultas. O fator que se mostrou associado à alta taxa de concentração depois do ajuste nos diagnósticos e prescrições de enfermagem foi ter dificuldades em usar o antirretroviral sempre no mesmo horário. Também foi demonstrada diferença significativa entre as médias das concentrações plasmáticas de efavirenz entre a 1ª, a 2ª e a 3ª intervenções. Considerando referência a mensuração da concentração plasmática do efavirenz, o método da adesão apresentou sensibilidade e especificidade, sendo alta a proporção de concordância entre a taxa de CD4, os diagnósticos de enfermagem e a análise do plasma dos sujeitos. Conclusões: a sistematização da assistência de enfermagem e a dosagem das concentrações plasmáticas devem ser incorporadas à rotina de atendimento ambulatorial, para um melhor acompanhamento da adesão à terapia antirretroviral de sujeitos adoecidos por HIV/AIDS.

De 12 casos de leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) em AIDS, em São Paulo, sete do levantamento retrospectivo (1990 a 2001) e cinco do prospectivo (2001 a 2004), com contato prévio com área endêmica para leishmanioses, 50% eram usuários de drogas injetáveis (1990-2001). Apresentavam média de linfócitos T CD4+ de 77 células/mm3, um era C2 e 11, C3 (classificação de HIV, segundo CDC) e 70% tinha sorologia positiva para leishmanioses. As manifestações de LT em mucosa e pele eram diversificadas: úlcera única ou lesões múltiplas e polimórficas ou disseminadas, incluindo comprometimento genital em 4 casos. Todos receberam tratamento específico para leishmaniose e 50%, HAART. 50% recidivaram e 50% foram a óbito no período, independentemente do uso do HAART / From 12 cases of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) in AIDS, from São Paulo, seven from retrospective (1990 a 2001) and five from prospective studies (2001 a 2004), with previous contact with endemic areas for leishmaniasis, 50% were endovenous drug users (1990-2001). Presenting mean 77 CD4+ T cells/mm3, one was C2 and 11 were C3 (HIV classification, according to CDC) and 70% had positive serology for leishmaniasis. Presentation of TL in the skin and mucosa were diversified: single or multiple ulcers and polymorphic or disseminated lesions, including lesions in genital area in 4 cases. All were treated with anti-leishmanial drugs and 50% with HAART. 50% presented relapse and 50% died during follow up period, independently of use of HAART

Realizou-se um estudo descritivo conduzido no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, no período de outubro de 2001 a outubro de 2002, com pacientes HIV positivos e anêmicos. Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre anemia e o perfil nutricional em uma amostra de pacientes HIV+ . Métodos: Foram incluídos 34 pacientes maiores de 18 anos, sendo todos pacientes diagnosticados com anemia. Foram analisados exames laboratoriais, avaliação da ingestão alimentar (recordatório alimentar de 24h), freqüência alimentar e coleta dos parâmetros antropométricos dos pacientes. Resultados: O recordatório alimentar de 24 horas demonstrou a deficiência na ingestão de folato pela maioria dos pacientes; enquanto que vitamina B12 e ferro estiveram de acordo com as RDA’s. Conclusão: A causa da anemia nestes pacientes talvez não tenha sido em função desta deficiente ingestão de folato, ainda mais por se tratar de um estudo descritivo. Ressalta-se a importância do profissional para o acompanhamento nutricional destes pacientes, para a promoção de um adequado estado nutricional e qualidade de vida. / Was develop a descritive study conducted in the Porto Alegre Clinics’ Hospital, from october 2001 to October 2002, with positive HIV and anemics patients. Objectives: Evaluate the association between anemia and nutritional status in positive HIV patients. Methodology: Were included 34 patients under 18 years old, all diagnosed with anemia. Laboratorial exams, evaluation of food intake (24h register), questionary of food intake frequence and anthropometrics data were collected. Results: The 24h register food intake showed the deficiency in folate intake by most of patients ,while vitamine B12 and iron intake were accorded RDA’s. Conclusions: The etiology of anemia in these patients maybe wasn´t cause by this folate deficiency, also because this was a describe study. The presence of a professional appears to be important for the nutritional treatment of these patients, to develop a health nutrional status and quality of life.

O presente estudo objetivou analisar as ações e serviços de saúde ofertados por equipes de saúde prisional para o cuidado às pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids nas unidades prisionais nos municípios de Ribeirão Preto e Serra Azul-SP. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo inquérito, realizado entre agosto e novembro de 2015 com pessoas privadas de liberdade vivendo com HIV, encarceradas por mais de seis meses nas unidades prisionais estudadas. Os dados, coletados por meio de entrevistas, foram analisados através de técnicas estatísticas descritivas, bem como mediante a construção de indicadores de oferta que correspondiam ao valor médio obtido pela somatória de todas as respostas de todos os entrevistados para cada pergunta e dividido pelo total de respondentes, sendo categorizados como satisfatórios (>3,5 a 5,0), regulares (> 2,5 a 3,5) e insatisfatórios (1,0 a 2,5). Para comparação do desempenho na oferta de ações e serviços de saúde entre as unidades prisionais realizou-se análise de variância (ANOVA) com teste de Tukey. Esse teste foi realizado quando atendidos os pressupostos de homocedasticidade pelo teste de Levene. A normalidade não foi testada, uma vez que n>=30. Para as análises que indicaram violação dos critérios para o uso da ANOVA, foi realizado o teste de Kruskall-Wallis com teste de comparação múltipla. O nível de significância estatística adotado foi de 5%. Participaram da pesquisa 85 apenados vivendo com HIV, a maioria do sexo masculino (82,4%), entre 23 - 39 anos (56,4%), pardos (45,9%) e com baixa escolaridade (70,6%) (ensino fundamental I ou II) O indicador composto de oferta das ações e serviços de saúde prestados pelas equipes de saúde prisionais obteve média geral de 2,63 (dp 1,8), classificado como regular. Os cuidados gerais de saúde, os atendimentos médicos, de equipe de enfermagem, prontidão no atendimento , orientações sobre a tuberculose, disponibilização de exames sorológicos e divulgação de informações foram avaliados de modo regular. Os indicadores relacionados ao atendimento com psicólogos, dentistas e assistentes sociais, e as demais atividades envolvendo orientações em saúde foram classificados como insatisfatórios. A disponibilidade de preservativos, vacinas e exames de escarro para tuberculose foram avaliados como satisfatórios. O manejo do HIV/aids nas prisões configura-se um desafio ao SUS, na organização de um subsistema com atribuições compatíveis com as prerrogativas da atenção primária à saúde. Entretanto, as condições organizacionais das prisões, violações de direitos humanos, processo de trabalho com equipes incompletas de saúde responsáveis pelo manejo de um agravo que exige aplicações de distintas densidades tecnológicas impõe obstáculos à concretude da integralidade do cuidado às pessoas que vivem com HIV no contexto prisional / The present study aimed to analyze the health actions and services offered by prison health teams to care for people living with HIV/aids in prison units in the cities of Ribeirão Preto and Serra Azul-SP. This is a descriptive inquiry study, conducted from August to November 2015 with people deprived of freedom living with HIV, detained for more than six months in the studied prison units. The data collected through interviews was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, as well as the construction of offer indicators that corresponded to the mean value obtained by the sum of all answers of all interviewed for each question and divided by the sum of total respondents. They were classified as satisfactory (>3.5 to 5.0), regular (>2.5 to 3.5) and unsatisfactory (1.0 to 2.5). To compare the performance of the offer of health actions and services between the prison units, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey\'s test was conducted. This test was performed when the homoscedasticity assumptions where met, verified by Levene\'s test. The normality was not tested considering n>=30. For analyses indicating a violation of criteria applied to use ANOVA, Kruskall-Wallis\'s test with a test of multiple comparisons was used. The adopted level of significance was 5%. In the study, 85 imprisoned living with HIV participated in the study, the majority was male (82.4%), between 23-29 years (56.4%), brown (45.9%) and with low education level (70.6%) (elementary school I or II). The indicator composed of health actions and services provided by prison health teams obtained the general mean of 2.63 (sd 1.8), classified as regular. The general health care, the medical appointments, the nursing team, attention readiness, orientations for tuberculosis, availability of serological tests, and disclosure of information were assessed as regular. The indicators related to appointments with psychologists, dentists, and social workers, and other activities involving health orientations were classified as unsatisfactory. The availability of contraceptives, vaccines and sputum exams for tuberculosis were satisfactory. The management of HIV/aids in prisons is a challenge for SUS, in the organization of a subsystem with attributions compatible with the prerogatives of the primary health care. However, the organizational conditions of prisons, violations of human rights, work processes with incomplete health teams responsible for the management of a disease requiring distinct applications of technological densities, imposes obstacles to the concreteness of the integrality of care to people who live with HIV in a prisonal context

Thesis (M.S.W.)--McGill University, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-127).

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-03, Section: B, page: 1574. Adviser: Lu-Yu Hwang. Includes bibliographical references.

Development of a suitable animal model of AIDS is much needed in AIDS research to study infection and pathogenesis as well as to evaluate methods of prevention and treatment of HIV infection. Small animals such as rodents are attractive candidates for AIDS research due to the availability of various inbred and genetically engineered strains, extensive knowledge or their immune system, especially in mice, and the relative ease of breeding and maintaining animal colonies. Transgenic small animal models carrying entire HIV genome or selected genes have been instrumental to understand functions of HIV genes in vivo and their role in HIV pathogenesis. The type of cells in which HIV genes are expressed seems to be an import prerequisite for the study of HIV gene functions in transgenic mice. Mice constitutively expressing the entire HIV-1 genome or HIV-1 nef gene in CD4 + T cells and in the cells of macrophage/dendritic lineage develop an AIDS-like disease very similar to AIDS disease in humans. Similarly, expression of Nef in adult mice, using inducible system, results in the AIDS-like disease. This disease is characterized by thymic atrophy, impaired thymocyte maturation, loss of CD4+ T cells, increased activation and turnover of T cells, which can occur in the absence of lymphypenia, and non-lymphoid organ disease involving the lungs and kidneys. Susceptibility of adult mice to the pathological effects of Nef suggests that the AIDS-like disease in the constitutively expressing Nef Tg mice is not due to developmental defects caused by early expression of Nef. This model highlights the important role of Nef in HIV-1 pathogenesis. The high similarity in the disease in these Tg mice with human AIDS strongly suggest that these mice are a relevant model to study AIDS. This study further evidence that mouse cells can support functions of Nef and these Tg mice represent a unique model to study Nef functions in vivo in the context of the primary immune system. Moreover, the inducible Nef Tg model has given us the ability to control the level and time of expression of Nef which was impossible to do in the previously reported constitutive Nef Tg mouse models. These mice will be useful to study immune reconstitution since Nef expression can be turned off after withdrawal from dox.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2008. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 239 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Thesis (Dr.P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-126).