Foram confeccionados 50 corpos de prova, divididos em 30 próteses totais superiores e 20 bases de provas permanentes, padronizados, para se avaliar a alteração dimensional da base de prova permanente, com dupla polimerização, processada em forno de microondas convencional; base de prova permanente com dupla polimerização, processada no método convencional; e a prótese total em uma única polimerização. Para essa análise, essas próteses foram divididas em 5 grupos: grupo I – prótese total convencional – banho de água (controle); grupo II – base de prova permanente processada convencionalmente; grupo III – base de prova permanente processada em forno de microondas convencional; grupo IV – prótese total superior padronizada com base de prova permanente processada convencionalmente, com as bases do grupo II; grupo V – prótese total superior com base de prova permanente, processada no forno de microondas convencional, com as bases de prova do grupo III. Para avaliar essa alteração foi usado o recurso do scaneamento da região posterior das próteses, “Post-dam”, desses corpos de prova. Após esse processo, a imagem capturada foi levada para o programa Photoshop 8.0 determinando a região de avaliação. Após essa seleção, a imagem é acessada no CorelTrace 11 para ser transformada em preto e branco e vetorizada, sendo, então, levada para o CorelDraw 11 para ser feita a medição do espaço da região posterior, entre o modelo e a base de prova/prótese total, para permitir a análise dos valores da alteração dimensional dos corpos de prova em questão, após o processamento. Os resultados mostram que: 1) a diferença da variação média para os lados esquerdo, centro e direito, respectivamente, na ordem de décimos ou centésimos de milímetros, para o grupo IV e I (0,07; 0,08 e 0,09); para o grupo V e I (0,10; 0,32 e 0,25) e para o grupo V e IV (0,17; 0,24 e 0,16) não pode ser considerada relevante clinicamente para afetar o ajuste da prótese na boca e promover a ocorrência de maiores transtornos clínicos; 2) A alteração média das áreas do lado esquerdo e direito para o grupo I, II e IV obtiveram uma homogeneidade na alteração, diferindo os Grupos III e V em relação aos outros, não existindo porém, diferença significante a nível de 5% entre as áreas desses segmentos; 3) A análise da variância do índice da área dos cinco (5) grupos não apresentou resultado significante que desabonasse a utilização de qualquer um dos métodos para a confecção da prótese total. No entanto, mais estudos devem ser realizados com o intuito de se aprimorar o uso do forno de microondas para o processamentos da prótese. / The 50 samples of pattern maxillary complete denture were processed, divided in 30 maxillary complete denture and 20 permanent proof base, to evaluated of dimensional changes in the permanent proof base with twice polymerization, process in microwave oven, to compare with the others two groups, the complete denture with conventional process and the complete denture with permanent proof base with twice polymerization in a conventional process. To evaluated this complete dentures they were divided in 5 groups: group I – conventional complete denture; group II – proof base conventional process; group III – proof base in microwave process; group IV – complete denture using the proof base of the group, with the conventional process and the group; group V – complete denture using the proof base of the group III, microwave process. To evaluated this alteration used the scanner in the “Post-dam”, in this samples. After this proceding the image was putting in the Adobe Photoshop 8.0 program to determinate what region was evaluated. After this selection, the image access in the CorelTrace 11 program and transformed in black and white, and after to access in the CorelDraw 11 that was measured the region between the cast and the complete/permanent proof base, to allow the analysis of the values the dimensional alteration of the proof body, after the process. The results show: 1) The linear dimensional alteration the difference mean variation for the left, center and right sides, respectively, it was in decimal order or centesimal of millimeters, for the group IV and I (0,07; 0,08 and 0,09); and for the group V and I were (0,10; 0,32 and 0,25) and for the group V and IV (0,17; 0,24 and 0,16) and it cannot be considered clinically relevant to affect the prosthesis adjustment in the mouth, and promote the occurrence of more clinical disruptions; 2) The dimensional alterations in the areas (left and right side) of the proof bodies of the three groups I, II and IV were uniform, and the groups III and V weren’t homogeneous, but there is not a statically significant difference, about 5%, between the segment left and right areas; 3) The variation of the area index about five groups there is not a statically significant that couldn’t use of the both method to build the complete denture. Although, more studies are important to realize with the objective to improve the use the microwave over to process the denture.

Face aux défis environnementaux actuels, les industriels ont mis en œuvre de nouveaux matériaux recyclables et permettant une réduction significative de la masse. Le développement de la résine thermoplastique Elium par ARKEMA s’inscrit dans cette problématique. L’utilisation de cette résine pour la fabrication de pièces composites qui peuvent être sujettes à des dommages d’impact, nécessite au préalable des études, dans le but de comprendre leurs mécanismes de ruine sous ce type de sollicitation. Ainsi, la présente thèse propose une contribution à l’analyse multi-échelle de la tenue à l’impact des composites stratifiés à base de la résine Elium. Une étude expérimentale préliminaire a permis de confirmer la meilleure résistance à l’impact des composites à matrice Elium acrylique, comparativement à celles des composites thermodurcissables conventionnels. Ensuite, les performances à l’impact des composites stratifiés ont été améliorées par l’introduction de copolymères à blocs dans la matrice. Ces derniers sont capables de former des micelles de tailles nanométriques et ainsi d’améliorer la ténacité de la matrice acrylique. Les effets de l’énergie d’impact, de la température et de la composition en nanocharges sur la réponse du matériau composite ont été analysés. Afin de proposer un outil d’aide à la prédiction de la réponse à l’impact des matériaux fibres de verre/Acrylique, deux stratégies de modélisation ont été retenues. La première modélisation (macroscopique) considère le pli tissé du stratifié comme un matériau homogène tandis que la seconde (mésoscopique) utilise une description géométrique de l’ondulation et de l’entrecroisement des torons noyés dans la résine Elium. Ces deux modèles considèrent des zones cohésives à l’interface entre les plis adjacents pour simuler le délaminage interlaminaire. Des essais de délaminage (expérimentaux et numériques) ont permis d’alimenter le modèle d’endommagement de l’interface interplis. D’autre part, des essais de caractérisation du comportement mécanique et de l’endommagement du matériau couplés à l’homogénéisation multi-échelle des matériaux par la Mécanique du Génome de Structure ont permis d’identifier les paramètres du modèle macroscopique. A l’échelle mésoscopique, le modèle géométrique a été réalisé grâce au logiciel Texgen. Ce logiciel permet d’obtenir une description approchée mais réaliste de l’ondulation des torons de fibres. La même description a servi à l’homogénéisation numérique multi-échelle des stratifiés étudiés. La simulation numérique de l’impact basse vitesse a été effectuée au moyen du logiciel d’éléments finis ABAQUS/Explicit. Les modèles de comportement du matériau ont été implémentés via la routine utilisateur VUMAT. Les résultats obtenus offrent une bonne corrélation avec les données expérimentales / In the race for light materials able of meeting modern environmental challenges, an acrylic resin (Elium) has been developed. Elium is a thermoplastic resin able to replace thermosetting matrices, which are widespread nowadays in the industrial world. The present study aims to evaluate the impact resistance and to understand the failure mechanisms of composite laminates based on acrylic matrix under impact loading. We provide a contribution to the multiscale analysis of the impact resistance of laminated composite.First, the impact resistance and the damage tolerance of the acrylic resin based composites were compared with those of conventional composites. Then, the impact performance of the laminated composites has been enhanced by adding copolymer blocks to the liquid acrylic resin. These copolymers are able to form micelles of nanometer sizes, which lead to the improvement of both the acrylic matrix fracture toughness and the impact resistance. The effects of the impact energy, temperature, and composition in nano-copolymers have also been investigated.In order to provide a numerical tool for the prediction of the impact response of the glass fiber/Acrylic laminates, two strategies have been analyzed. The first one, performed at the macroscopic scale, considers the woven ply of the laminate as homogeneous material, and the second one (at the mesoscopic scale), deals with a realistic geometrical description of the yarns undulation. Both models use cohesive zones at the interface between the adjacent plies, to simulate the delamination. For this purpose, experimental and numerical delamination tests were performed to feed the inter-ply damage model. Mechanical tests for material characterization were also performed on specimens in order to identify the ply-damage model parameters. The Mechanics of Structure Genome (MSG) and a finite element based micromechanics approaches were then conducted to evaluate the effective thermomechanical properties of the yarns and the plain woven composite laminate. The realistic topological and morphological textures of the composite were accounted through Texgen software. These numerical impact simulations were performed using the finite element software ABAQUS/Explicit. Both models were implemented through a user material subroutine VUMAT. The obtained results appear in a good agreement with the experimental data and confirm the relevance of the proposed approach.