Submitted by NICOLI PAGANOTI DE MELLO null (nicolimello@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-19T15:34:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - Definitivo 19.03.18 REPOSITORIO UNESP.pdf: 1710134 bytes, checksum: c4009220773e58f60e852752b7b03cf5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-03-19T17:24:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mello_np_me_jabo.pdf: 1710134 bytes, checksum: c4009220773e58f60e852752b7b03cf5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-19T17:24:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mello_np_me_jabo.pdf: 1710134 bytes, checksum: c4009220773e58f60e852752b7b03cf5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Objetivou-se determinar a CL50-24h e classificar o malathion (Komvektor 44% EW) pela toxicidade aguda para tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus); determinar as concentrações na água que resultam em aproximadamente 10, 30, 50 e 70% de mortalidade das tilápias após 24h de exposição aguda; observar os sinais clínicos e alterações histológicas causadas pelo malathion nos peixes sobreviventes em 15 e 30 dias de recuperação; registrar as alterações nas variáveis de qualidade de água; e determinar a porcentagem de mortalidade dos peixes do lote em que os animais sobreviventes se recuperam da intoxicação aguda com o malathion. Os valores da CL50-24h do malathion e as concentrações que causam entorno de 10, 30, 50 e 70% de mortalidade dos peixes foram calculados com os dados de ensaios de toxicidade aguda em laboratório. O ensaio de recuperação dos peixes expostos por 24h às concentrações parcialmente letais foi realizado com lotes de animais em mesocosmos de 1.000 L e o de recuperação dos animais sobreviventes às intoxicações em mesocosmos de 150 L. Os sinais clínicos da intoxicação nos sobreviventes foram observados e as análises histopatológicas feitas em fragmentos de brânquias, fígado e rim coletados 24h após intoxicação aguda e aos 15º e 30º dias de recuperação. As variáveis de qualidade da água foram aferidas. A CL50-24h do malathion foi 5,15 mg.L-1, que o classifica como moderadamente e muito tóxico. As concentrações de 3,0; 4,5; 5,0 e 7,0 mg.L-1 de malathion causam,respectivamente,mortalidades de 17,5%, 27,5%, 45% e 55% dos peixes expostos em laboratório e 7,5%, 21%, 44,5% e 63,67% em mesocosmo. O malathion causa nas tilápias: letargia, secreção de muco, natação errática, mudança na pigmentação da pele, aumento do batimento opercular, espasmos musculares e perda da capacidade de arfagem.Nas brânquias, causa hiperplasia, fusão lamelar, congestão do seio venoso e desarranjo lamelar. No fígado, causa congestão dos sinusóides, deslocamento nuclear, esteatose e desarranjo cordonal. No rim, causa vacuolização das células dos túbulos renais, infiltrado inflamatório e aumento do espaço de Bowman. Os peixes se recuperam das alterações nos três tecidos em 30 dias. O malathion não altera a qualidade da água. As tilápias sobreviventes a mortalidade de 70% do lote se recuperam das alterações causadas pela exposição aguda ao malathion. / The aim of this study was to determine the LC50-24h and to classify the malathion (Komvektor 44% EW) according with acute toxicity to tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus); to determine the concentrations in the water wich caused 10, 30, 50 and 70% of mortality in tilapia after 24h of acute exposition; to observe the clinical signs and histological changes caused by malathion in surviving fish in 15 and 30 days of recovery; to register the changes in the parameters of water quality caused by malathion; and to determine the percentage of mortality in the surviving groups recover from acute intoxication by malathion. The LC50-24h values of the malathion to tilapias and the concentrations that cause about 10, 30, 50 and 70% of fish mortality was calculated with the acute toxicity dates in laboratory. The recovery test of exposed fish for 24h at partially lethal concentrations was carried out with groups of animals in mesocosm of 1000L and the recovery of the animals surviving to intoxication in mesocosm of 150L. Clinical signs of intoxication in survival fish was observed and the histologic analysis in tissue fragments of gills, liver and kidney collected after 24h acute intoxication at 15 and 30 days of recovery. The water quality parameters were recorded. The LC50-24h of malathion was 5,15 mg.L-1, and this value is classified in moderate and very toxic. The concentrations of 3,0; 4,5; 5,0 and 7,0 mg.L-1 caused, respectively, mortalities of 17,5%, 27,5%, 45% and 55% of fish in laboratory and 7,5%, 21%, 44,5% and 63,67% in mesocosm. The effect of the malathion in tilapias were: lethargy, mucus secretion, erratic swimming, change in skin pigmentation, increase of opercular beating, muscle spasms and loss of pitching capacity. In the gills, it causes hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, venous sinus congestion and lamellar derangement. In the liver, it causes congestion of sinusoids, nuclear displacement, steatosis and cordonal derangement. In the kidney, it causes vacuolization of the renal tubule cells, inflammatory infiltrate and Bowman’s space increase. The fish recovered from alterations in the three tissues in 30 days. The malathion does not change the water quality. The surviving tilapia from de group with 70% mortality rate recovered from alterations caused by acute exposition of malathion.

Submitted by Sandro Camargo (sandro.camargo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2015-03-09T01:24:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 116110007.pdf: 1272424 bytes, checksum: f522c931abce90928d851acf99e14fdf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-09T01:24:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 116110007.pdf: 1272424 bytes, checksum: f522c931abce90928d851acf99e14fdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / A zearalenona (ZEA) é produzida por fungos da espécie Fusarium, e sua ocorrência é freqüente em grãos e cereais em todo o mundo. A ZEA é estruturalmente semelhante ao estrogênio, e, portanto, é responsável pela síndrome estrogênica, uma vez que possui capacidade de ativar os receptores de estrogênio provocando alterações funcionais dos órgãos do trato reprodutivo. Além disso, como uma micotoxina toxigênica e imunosupressora, altera parâmetros hematológicos e promove um desequilíbrio no sistema oxidativo, especialmente nas enzimas antioxidantes. Assim, o objetivo do nosso trabalho é avaliar os efeitos agudos causados pela administração oral de ZEA. Foram utilizados camundongos Swiss machos que receberam uma administração de ZEA (40 mg/kg), e após 48 horas foram submetidos a eutánasia. Como parâmetros de toxicidade, foram analisados os pesos dos órgãos (pulmão, fígado, baço, rins, testículos e epidídimos), análise comportamental, dosagem de parâmetros hematológicos pela contagem de leucócitos totais, frações (segmetados, bastões, eosinófilos, monócitos e linfócitos) e plaquetas, parâmetros reprodutivos pela contagem de espermatozóides e análise da motilidade e parâmetros do sistema oxidativo pela dosagem das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e glutationa-S-transferase (GST), determinação de ácido ascórbico (AA), determinação de tióis não-proteícos (NPSH) e avaliação da peroxidação lipídica pela determinação das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Os resultados mostram que a intoxicação aguda por ZEA causa efeitos hematológicos pelo aumento da contagem total de leucócitos e das frações bem como diminuição da contagem de linfócitos e plaquetas. Os efeitos reprodutivos observados foram a redução significativa do número e motilidade de espermatozóides. Quanto aos parâmetros de estresse oxidativo, a ZEA reduziu a atividade da GST nos testículos e nos rins, a atividade da SOD aumentou nos rins, fígado e testículos, e a atividade da CAT aumentou nos rins. A análise comportamental, a determinação de AA e NPSH assim como, o TBARS não sofreram alterações neste protocolo. Com base nos resultados confirma-se que o sistema reprodutivo é o principal alvo da ZEA, mesmo no protocolo de intoxicação aguda, e que existe uma relação entre o estresse oxidativo, especialmente a redução da atividade da GST, com as alterações espermáticas. Conclui-se que a administração aguda de ZEA induz efeitos tóxicos hematológicose reprodutivos, e provavelmente estes efeitos se relacionam com o estresse oxidativo. / Zearalenone (ZEA) a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium, and its occurrence is common in grains and cereals worldwide. ZEA is structurally similar to estrogen, and therefore is responsible for the estrogen syndrome, since it has the ability to activate estrogen receptors, inducing functional changes in the reproductive tract organs. Moreover, as an immunosuppressive mycotoxin it has been demonstrated that elicits hematological and reproductive damage. Therefore, the current study was aimed to investigate the effects of an acute oral dose of ZEA. Adult Swiss albino male mice were exposed to a single oral injection of ZEA (40 mg/kg, p.o.), and 48 hours thereafter behavioral and biochemical tests were performed. In order to evaluate any possible toxic action of acute ZEA administration, the body and vital organs (lung, liver, spleen, kidney, testis and epididymis) relative weight were determined, as well as behavioral analysis, measurement of hematological and reproductive parameters (sperm count and motility). Additionally, markers of oxidative stress in liver, kidney and testes of mice were analysed by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Moreover, determination of ascorbic acid (AA), non-protein thiols (NPSH) and assessment of lipid peroxidation by determination of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also analysed. Results show that ZEA caused acute hematological effects by increasing the total leukocyte number and fractions as well as a decreased lymphocyte and platelets number. ZEA drastically reduced the number and motility of live spermatozoa. Regarding the oxidative stress parameters, ZEA reduced the GST activity in the testis and kidney, SOD activity increased in kidney, liver and testis, and CAT activity increased in the kidneys. However, behavioral analysis, determination of AA and NPSH as well TBARS content were not altered by ZEA administration. In summary, we showed that ZEA have acute toxic effects mainly in reproductive system of adult male Swiss albino mice and its effect probably is related to a reduced activity of GST and increased in SOD activity in testes. We conclude that acute administration of ZEA induces hematological and reproductive toxicity, and probably these effects are related to oxidative stress.

Orientador: Aureo Evangelista Santana / Banca: Edanir dos Santos / Banca: Rosemeri de Oliveira Vasconcelos / Banca: Alessandra Kataoka / Banca: Maria Angélica Dias / Resumo: Neste estudo buscou-se avaliar o uso do Benzeno preparado homeopaticamente em camundongos, no caso de intoxicação experimental aguda pela mesma substância química. Para tanto, foi utilizado um modelo experimental com 45 camundongos, subdivididos em 5 grupos (n=9). Os animais foram tratados durante 15 dias, sendo que o grupo controle recebeu 0,2mL óleo, via intraperitoneal (IP). O grupo branco 0,2mL álcool 30% (IP). Os grupos subseqüentes foram tratados com 0,2mL de Benzenum 6CH, 12CH e 30CH (IP). No 15° dia, administrou-se 3,0422mL/Kg Benzeno em óleo, e amostras de sangue foram colhidas para a realização de hemograma, exames bioquímicos séricos e após o óbito, fragmentos do fígado e dos rins foram colhidos, e o esterno, para a avaliação da medula óssea. As médias dos pesos demonstraram variações estatisticamente significantes, entre os grupos. O hemograma não revelou médias estatisticamente diferentes. Os exames bioquímicos ALT, FA, uréia e creatinina não mostraram resultados estatisticamente diferentes. A taxa de mortalidade foi menor entre os grupos tratados homeopaticamente, sobretudo Benzenum 12 CH. O Benzenum foi capaz de diminuir a mortalidade esperada (DL50 3,0422mL/Kg Benzeno) comprovando a Lei dos Semelhantes, um dos pilares da Homeopatia. / Abstract: This present study aimed to evaluate the use of homeopathically prepared benzene in acute experimentally intoxicated mice with benzene. Five groups with nine mice each were used (n=45). Those animals were pre-treated for 15 days with 0,2mL of oil, intraperitoneally (IP), control group; 0,2mL of alcohol 30%,(IP) -white group; 0,2mL of Benzenum (IP), each, 6CH, 12CH, 30CH, respectively. At the 15th day, the LD50 of Benzene (3,0422mL/kg), and oil was injected, IP, and blood samples were taken for execution of blood, serum biochemical tests. After death, fragments of the liver and kidneys and the sternum, were sent to histopathological evaluation. The mean weights demonstrated statistically significant variations among the groups; The blood did not reveal statistically different media. The examinations biochemical ALT, FA, urea and creatinine showed no statistically different results. The mortality rate was lowest among the groups treated homeopathically especially Benzenum 12 CH. The homeopathic medicine in question, Benzenum, was able to reduce the mortality expected for LD50 3.0422 mL / kg of benzene, showing the Law of Similar, one of the pillars of Homeopathy. / Doutor

Analgesics represent a large group of medicines which is used for suppresing subjectively perceived pain. Analgesics can be divided into two large groups, opioids and non-opioids. Some of the non-opioids can be used as anti-inflammatory and/or antipyretics as well. All non-opioids influence metabolism of prostaglandins. Diverse group of non-opioid analgesics is available in Czech pharmacies as prescription medicines or for sale over the counter. The aim of this work is mainly to assess the toxicity of over-the-counter analgesics and to find out the frequency of fatal intoxications caused by these analgesics in the Czech Republic and abroad. A list of peroral over-the-counter analgesics was created. A partial analysis of data from medical judicial departments of regional hospitals in the Czech Republic was performed in order to obtain total number of deaths caused by overdosing with these drugs. Using ÚZIS the number of deaths was extracted from information system Deceased. These logged deaths were caused only by acute intoxication with analgesics and were chosen on basis of precisely defined combinations of diagnostic codes (MKN10). Results were then expanded by similar enumeration from the National register of hospitalized, by which we specified the amount of intoxications where patients survived. Overall case report was evaluated from processed information. The number of deaths caused by analgesics and commonly misused addictive substances were compared by which the second hypothesis was clarified. The data was obtained from Annual reports about substance misuse and 6 years were compared in total. Identified risk of analgesic in Czech Republic was compared with registered cases of overdosing in world. Data used for comparing were gained from analysis of world literature. During the years 2006 ? 2011, 53 deaths and 2024 hospitalizations in the Czech Republic were caused by acute intoxication as a result of overdosing with mentioned medication. Our first hypotesis can be confirmed on the basis of these numbers, and therefor it can be said that over-the-counter medicines used for suppressing pain can cause death. On the basis of analysis of world literature a certain risk is seen in fact that these analgesics ? mainly paracetamol ? are often linked with suicides. For instance in United Kingdom thousands of cases of self-harm are caused by overdosing with paracetamol. In USA 16 500 deaths are thought to be caused by NSAIDS and 1600 acute liver failure incidents are caused by overdosing with paracetamol annualy. Illegal drugs caused 253 intoxications during the years 2006 -2011 compared to 53 cases of deaths caused by overdosing by analgesics. Annual reports about substance misuse report that deaths caused by illegal drugs are more common than deaths caused by over-the-counter analgesics in the Czech Republic. There remains a question: What percentage of analgesics intoxications, where patient survived or not, is caused only by over-the-counter analgesics without any other cause.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 camargo_cp_dr_jabo.pdf: 4012168 bytes, checksum: 9085b257725b5e717174aa9588d8cb98 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste estudo buscou-se avaliar o uso do Benzeno preparado homeopaticamente em camundongos, no caso de intoxicação experimental aguda pela mesma substância química. Para tanto, foi utilizado um modelo experimental com 45 camundongos, subdivididos em 5 grupos (n=9). Os animais foram tratados durante 15 dias, sendo que o grupo controle recebeu 0,2mL óleo, via intraperitoneal (IP). O grupo branco 0,2mL álcool 30% (IP). Os grupos subseqüentes foram tratados com 0,2mL de Benzenum 6CH, 12CH e 30CH (IP). No 15° dia, administrou-se 3,0422mL/Kg Benzeno em óleo, e amostras de sangue foram colhidas para a realização de hemograma, exames bioquímicos séricos e após o óbito, fragmentos do fígado e dos rins foram colhidos, e o esterno, para a avaliação da medula óssea. As médias dos pesos demonstraram variações estatisticamente significantes, entre os grupos. O hemograma não revelou médias estatisticamente diferentes. Os exames bioquímicos ALT, FA, uréia e creatinina não mostraram resultados estatisticamente diferentes. A taxa de mortalidade foi menor entre os grupos tratados homeopaticamente, sobretudo Benzenum 12 CH. O Benzenum foi capaz de diminuir a mortalidade esperada (DL50 3,0422mL/Kg Benzeno) comprovando a Lei dos Semelhantes, um dos pilares da Homeopatia. / This present study aimed to evaluate the use of homeopathically prepared benzene in acute experimentally intoxicated mice with benzene. Five groups with nine mice each were used (n=45). Those animals were pre-treated for 15 days with 0,2mL of oil, intraperitoneally (IP), control group; 0,2mL of alcohol 30%,(IP) -white group; 0,2mL of Benzenum (IP), each, 6CH, 12CH, 30CH, respectively. At the 15th day, the LD50 of Benzene (3,0422mL/kg), and oil was injected, IP, and blood samples were taken for execution of blood, serum biochemical tests. After death, fragments of the liver and kidneys and the sternum, were sent to histopathological evaluation. The mean weights demonstrated statistically significant variations among the groups; The blood did not reveal statistically different media. The examinations biochemical ALT, FA, urea and creatinine showed no statistically different results. The mortality rate was lowest among the groups treated homeopathically especially Benzenum 12 CH. The homeopathic medicine in question, Benzenum, was able to reduce the mortality expected for LD50 3.0422 mL / kg of benzene, showing the Law of Similar, one of the pillars of Homeopathy.

This diploma thesis explores the phenomenon of formation and development of alcohol dependence. In the first series focuses on the historical description, which demonstrates considerable anchored in the life of our ancestors already. It also defines the concept of addiction, its causes and consequences, whether psychological, medical or social. Its objective is to describe the possibilities of social work in this phenomenon. defines therefore primarily targets and understanding of social work and consequently specifics of client alcoholism. An important element is the role of the social worker in the client's motivation to change, which uses Nešpor's model of spontaneous changes in motivation. Then, on the basis of available social services selects several most suitable, which can help to improve the client's situation. Has an essential role in this issue also primary prevention, ie it discusses the methodology, target groups, focusing on adolescents and the focus is on the firm role of the family. Finally contains some official documents on primary prevention, which are discussed current issues of primary prevention practice and subsequent survey, mapping aspect of social workers on the incidence risk of alcohol dependence among adolescents attending social facilities.