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An examination of health care financing models : lessons for South AfricaVambe, Adelaide Kudakwashe January 2012 (has links)
South Africa possesses a highly fragmented health system with wide disparities in health spending and inequitable distribution of both health care professionals and resources. The national health system (NHI) of South Africa consists of a large public sector and small private sectors which are overused and under resourced and a smaller private sector which is underused and over resourced. In broad terms, the NHI promises a health care system in which everyone, regardless of income level, can access decent health services at a cost that is affordable to them and to the country as a whole. The relevance of this study is to contribute to the NHI debate while simultaneously providing insights from other countries which have implemented national health care systems. As such, the South African government can then appropriately implement as well as finance the new NHI system specific to South Africa’s current socio-economic status. The objective of this study was to examine health care financing models in different countries in order to draw lessons for South Africa when implementing the NHI. A case study was conducted by examining ten countries with a national health insurance system, in order to evaluate the health financing models in each country. The following specific objectives are pursued: firstly, to review the current health management system and the policy proposed for NHI; secondly, to examine health financing models in a selected number of countries around the world and lastly to draw lessons to inform the South African NHI policy debate. The main findings were firstly, wealthier nations tend to have a much healthier population; this is the result of these developed countries investing significantly in their public health sectors. Secondly, the governments in developing nations allocate a smaller percentage of their GDP and government expenditure on health care. Lastly, South Africa is classified as an upper middle income developing country; however, the health status of South Africans mirrors that of countries which perform worse than South Africa on health matters. In other words the health care in South Africa is not operating at the standard it should be given the resources South Africa possesses. The cause of this may be attributed to South Africa being stuck in what is referred to as the “middle income trap” amongst other reasons.
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Chief executive officers and public hospital management in South AfricaNaidoo, Shan January 2016 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Wits School of Governance, 2016 / CEOs of public hospitals in South Africa are often held responsible when their institutions fail to deliver good quality care and are associated with poor health outcomes. Negative perceptions prevail and particularly in the National Department of Health it is held that the CEOs are generally not adequately qualified, inexperienced, incompetent and often inappropriately appointed. This study attempts to articulate the CEOs views (their side of the story) and in particular how they perceive the challenges that they face and what solutions they proffer in improving the running of their institutions. This research is viewed through the lens of the New Public Management paradigm (NPM), in terms of Public Sector Reform and in particular Health Sector Reform in South Africa.
Thirty CEOs of public hospitals in South Africa responded to a survey of their opinions. The majority (86%) of them felt they were unable to manage their institutions effectively. A subsequent qualitative study of CEOs and experts in public management using in depth interviews and further focus group discussions with CEOs and senior hospital managers revealed that the major challenges that the CEOs faced were financial, human resources and operational management issues. Procurement and information challenges were linked to financial and human resources deficiencies, lack of accountability mechanisms and the presence of corruption. The Performance Management System currently in place did not work appropriately and was driven by perverse incentives. Political interference was also a pervasive problem.
Their recommendations were that they needed clear and unambiguous delegations and the appropriate resources so that they can take full responsibility of their institutions. Clear accountability structures were paramount in achieving better health service management and care according to the advice of experts in public management as well as that of senior hospital managers. This requires the creation of enabling legislation and an appropriate accountability framework. The blanket application of NPM principles is also questioned. Selective application of the tools of NPM should be tested and consideration be given to the dimension of added public value in the South African public hospital context. / GR2018
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Organised hypocrisy? African union and the international criminal courtNtlhakana, Sethelile Joyce January 2017 (has links)
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of International Relations in the Faculty of Humanities Department of International Relations, 2016 / A feud between the African Union (AU) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) has been dragging for a while now. The indictment of President Omar Hassan Ahmad alBashir of Sudan and President Uhuru Kenyatta and his deputy president William Ruto in Kenya altered the cosy relations between the two organisations. Firstly, the AU contends that the ICC cannot prosecute heads of states that have immunity under international law. Secondly, the ICC disturbs the ongoing peace processes with its investigations. The AU accused the ICC of selecting African states for prosecution; as a protracted form of imperialism by prevailing western powers. Withstanding, some of the AU member states that are party to the ICC have willingly signed up to its jurisdiction. Besides, the AU’s founding documents support the fight against grave atrocities. Nonetheless, the AU has failed dismally to live up to the principles it endorses- which tantamount to hypocrisy. The contradictory rhetoric of the AU towards the ICC is not exclusive to the AU, but to international organisations due to conflicting pressures in external environments. The paper explains this empirical phenomenon by applying Organised Hypocrisy (OH) to capture such contradictory behaviour prone to international organisations. / XL2018
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A feedback loop model to facilitate communication between citizens and local government in a smart cityGopeni, Amanda January 2016 (has links)
In recent years, an increasing number of people move into cities to search for better opportunities for themselves and their families. This movement is known as urbanisation and makes it difficult for the local government to fully understand citizens’ needs particularly pertaining to public safety matters. During the first phase of the Public Safety Smart City project, it was identified that there is a need for feedback loop to facilitate effective communication of public safety issues between citizens and local government. This means that EL citizens do not have a better channel in place to address their public safety issues to the local government. This could lead to the decisions made by the local government in public safety not fully communicated back to the citizens. The primary objective of the study is to develop a feedback loop model that will assist in more effective reporting of public safety issues between citizens and the local government. The study followed an interpretivism paradigm and the research methodology employed is the qualitative approach. This was influenced by the existing De Fleur model of communication, secondary data and also semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with eleven citizens and four managers from the Department of Public Safety. It was ascertained that the lack of a feedback loop about public safety issues between citizens and local government is likely to increase public safety issues. Findings revealed that this is because citizens are not continuously updated about their reports and also about the state of public safety matters. Furthermore, the methods of communication utilised lead to poor communication of public safety issues. The study concludes that the introduction of an Information and Communication Technology enabled feedback loop between citizens and local government can help in reducing public safety issues and make public safety officials proactive rather than reactive.
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Effects of change in inputs in policy-making for the South African public serviceAbabio, Ernest Peprah 11 1900 (has links)
The negotiation process in South Africa did, by 1993, lead to change in inputs in
policy-making, and led to change in political relations with specific reference to
norms of equality and respect for human rights. Significantly, these changes
imposed obligations on the public service on issues of transformation, amongst
others: service delivery, restructuring, democratisation of the policy-making
process, and representativity and equity. This study was undertaken to examine
the latter two namely, to determine the policy-making mechanisms by which the
public service seeks to legitimise the policy-making process by involving a wider
populace in participation; and to examine legislation that exists on representativity
and equity and their consequent implementation.
In support of the empirical research, use and analysis of a theoretical study of
public policy in Public Administration were undertaken. The analysis showed that
the theoretical distinction in the roles of political office-bearers and appointed
public officials in the policy-making process, was incorrect. Rather, the empirical
study supported a close co-operation of the functionaries in the process, including
implementation. Further, it was found that the various models for analysing public
policy had all been applicable at different periods in the South African political
system.
For the purpose of this study, the hypotheses are formulated that the new political
dispensation that ushered South Africa into a popular constitutional democracy
impacted on the functioning of the public service, amongst others:
• an obligation to involve a wider population in the policy-making process to
achieve legitimacy; and
• an obligation to enforce norms of representativity and equity through legislation
and the implementation thereof.
In the study of the policy-making process, it was empirically established that the
public service does possess comprehensive mechanisms to engage the wider populace in consultation and negotiation on public policy-making. Yet, public
participation was found to be thin. Further, it was established that elaborate
legislation exists to change the demographic face of the public setvice, and there
is progress on implementation of representativity and equity legislation with
reference to target quotas, time frames and the control thereof. Proposals for
further study on effects of change, are made. / Public Administration / D. Litt et Phil (Public Administration)
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An evaluation of operational and administrative procedures for health care waste management in public district hospitals of South AfricaVumase, Sipho Bongane January 2009 (has links)
Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the Doctors Degree of Technology: Business Administration, Durban University of Technology, 2009. / Although there is an abundance of health care waste information in South Africa, not
enough studies have been done in public district hospitals particularly in rural areas.
Hospitals find it difficult to comply with the minimum requirements of health care waste
management guidelines, such as segregation of waste. If hazardous waste gets mixed
with non-hazardous waste, waste disposal and treatment become costly. Furthermore,
there has been a sharp increase in the amount of waste generated from health facilities.
However, there seem to be uncoordinated efforts in each province in dealing with waste
problems.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the process of operational and administrative
procedures of health care waste management in hospitals. The study was conducted to
facilitate the optimisation of waste management. A quantitative approach was chosen for
this study because cause and effect relationships can more easily be identified, and the
research is more structured and controlled. The project involved an enquiry into the
perception of respondents on the procedures used in managing health care waste. Data
was collected from 270 respondents out of 27 hospitals in nine provinces of South Africa.
The informants were health care waste workers who were either directly or indirectly
involved in waste management. A questionnaire was used as a research instrument.
Results were analysed statistically using a special package for scientific studies.
It has been found that in the midst of financial challenges, hospitals are unable to
prioritise and rank absolutely important activities that are necessary to be undertaken to
meet minimum requirements of health care waste management as laid out in the health
care waste guidelines and directives. Shortages of waste equipment such as trolleys,
waste containers, and temporary storage areas were the main challenges facing
hospitals. The recommendations set the tone and provide a blueprint that health care
managers may consider in facilitating improvement in the management of health care
waste.
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The benefits of e-recruitment in the South African National Department of Environmental Affairs.Mzima, Lauretta Nelisa. January 2015 (has links)
M. Tech. Business Administration / The South African National Department of Environment Affairs (DEA) in Pretoria has been experiencing a high vacancy rate of 20%, 18% and 26% in the financial years 2008/9, 2009/10, and 2010/11 respectively against a target of 16% . The vacancy rate for 2013/14 financial year has increased to 24.5% against a target of 10%. The Department is struggling to meet its own set target by end of financial year. The current recruitment method utilised by DEA is too slow and tedious, takes time to appoint and has human elements as some documents get lost and does not promote efficiency and value for money. The study was aimed at assessing the degree to which e-recruitment methods were used in the Department of Environmental Affairs. The study was conducted in line with the objective of the DEA to reduce the existing vacancy rate at the DEA to at least 10% by 31 March 2014. This study assessed and evaluated the impact of implementing the online recruitment process in the Department and the contributing factors to a high vacancy rate such as the long waiting process.
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The Liberal Party and South Africa, 1895-1902Butler, Jeffrey January 1963 (has links)
No description available.
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A sustainable governance model for metropolitan policing in South AfricaScharnick, Colleen Ann 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Having just celebrated ten years of democratic rule, South Africa, as a young
democracy, is an emerging country in the international world. It is also emerging, from a
history of police brutality in apartheid South Africa, towards embracing human rights,
accountability, police-community relations and a people-orientated approach to safety
issues.
It is this young democratic country that is paving the way for metropolitan policing on the
African continent, by setting the example in South Africa. Metropolitan/ Municipal police
has found its legislative mandate through the South African Police Amendment Act (Act
No. 83 of 1995). It provides an opportunity to enable positioning of local government
policing in a manner that will ensure that ‘quality of life’ for all is achieved through
effective, efficient and sustainable policing.
This study aims to give essence to a governance model as a strategy for sustainable
metropolitan policing. The research provided for the following concepts of sustainable
governance as a basis or foundation to build metropolitan policing:
• Institutional/ Managerial/Leadership/Sustainability;
• Political Sustainability;
• Representivity;
• Development and Growth;
• Equitable Allocation and Distribution Resources;
• People-centred Approaches;
• Democratic Rights;
• Professionalism and Ethics;
• Financial sustainability;
• Effective and Efficient Processes;
• Co-ordination and Integration;
• Sustainable decision making;
• Sustainable results The framework for sustainable governance in Metropolitan Policing is broad and key
aspects that influence the main objective of this research, namely co-ordination and
integration have been included, for the purpose of this study.
The study provides opportunity for deep reflection on how future policing at local
government level in this country is structured, shaped and managed. The international
basis of the study provides lessons conceptualised within a ‘learning organisation’
context. Metropolitan police services can enrich their organisation through learning from
their international counterparts and sister organisations, inclusive of the South African
Police Service (SAPS).
It is also the relationship with the SAPS that will be the most challenging for the
metropolitan police service. A key element that shapes the interaction between the
Metropolitan Police organisations and the South African Police Services is based on
sharing of policing power and distribution of resources. A sustainable relationship
between the SAPS and metropolitan police services is important. It directly impacts on
how policing is executed. It also requires consideration when co-ordination and
integration processes in metropolitan police organisations are considered.
The study aims to prove the importance and necessity of integration and co-ordination;
however, it also emphasises the relevance of proper systems, processes and structures
within an environment prior to embracing co-ordination and integration initiatives. It binds
the concept of co-ordination and integration into all facets of organisational life, arguing
the basis for technological assistance to consolidate such transformation.
The study brings metropolitan policing into a transit from a ‘local government traffic
organisation linked to council policies’ to a modern-day police organisation that
embraces the complexities within which such organisations exist, both externally and
internally, finding sustainable solutions and strategies for service delivery that fits our
young democratic heritage of a single decade. The challenge to shape metropolitan policing to be different from the historic apartheidstyle
municipal police force will eventually be a task for leadership of the metropolitan
police organisation (across all levels) in its responses to society in terms of service
delivery outcomes, which will be determined by how the organisation has shaped its
future (vision), what it presents to society in terms of service delivery and the measures
taken to achieve sustainability. The latter refers, in principle, and for purposes of this
study, to good governance and sustainable development, both of which form the
cornerstone of effective and efficient policing. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Teen die agtergrond van die onlangse viering van ‘n dekade van demokrasie, staan
demokratiese Suid Afrika as ‘n opkomende land op die wêreldhorison. Die land is ook
besig on weg te beweeg vanaf ‘n geskende verlede wat gekenmerk was deur
polisiebrutaliteit in apartheid-Suid-Afrika na die omhelsing van menseregte,
verantwoordelikheid, polisie-gemeenskaps verhoudinge en ‘n mensgeoriënteerde
benadering tot veiligheidsaspekte.
Dit is hierdie jong demokrasie wat leiding in Afrika neem met die konsep van
metropolitaanse polisiëring. Die Metropolitaanse/ Munisipale polisie verkry wettige
bestaansreg in die Suid Afrikaanse Polisie Wysigingswet, (Wet Nr 83 van 1995). Dit
voorsien die geleentheid om polisiëring deur middel van plaaslike regering tot reg te laat
kom op ‘n manier wat verseker dat “lewenskwaliteit” vir almal deur effektiewe ,
doeltreffende en volhoubare polisiëring verwesenlik kan word.
Hierdie studie beoog om ‘n basis te vind vir volhoubare beheer in metropolitaanse
polisiering, te wete deur:
• Institutionele / bestuur/ leierskap/ volhoubaarheid;
• Politieke volhoubaarheid;
• Verteenwoordiging;
• Ontwikkeling en groei;
• Gelyke verspreiding en toekenning van hulpbronne;
• Mens-georiënteerde strategieë;
• Demokratiese regte;
• Professionalisme en etiek;
• Finansiële volhoubaarheid;
• Effektiewe en doeltreffende prosesse;
• Ko-ordinering en integrasie;
• Volhoubare besluitneming;
• Volhoubare resultate. Die raamwerk vir volhoubare beheer in metropolitaanse polisiëring is wyd. Kernaspekte
wat die hoofdoelwit van hierdie ondersoek affekteer, naamlik ko-ordinering en
integrering, word vir die doeleindes van hierdie studie ingesluit om die argument te
versterk.
Die studie bied geleentheid vir nabetraging oor hoe die toekoms van polisiëring op
plaaslike regeringsvlak gestruktureer, geposisioneer en bestuur word. Die internasionale
grondslag van die studie bied lesse wat binne ‘n ‘lerende organisasie’ beslag gekry het.
Metropolitaanse polisie-organisasies kan hul organisasies bemagtig deur van hul
internasionale eweknieë en susterorganisasies soos die nasionale Suid-Afrikaanse
Polisiediens. (SAPD) te leer.
Dit is ook die verhouding met die SAPD wat die meeste uitdagings meebring. Naas die
verhouding met die publiek, blyk dit die belangrikste te wees as gevolg van die
polisiëringsmagte en standaarde wat op beide organisasies van toepassing is.
Volhoubaarheid in die verhouding tussen die SAPD en die metropolitaanse
polisiedienste is belangrik aangesien dit ‘n direkte impak op dienslewering asook
integrasie en ko-ordinering kan hê.
Hierdie studie beoog om die belangrikheid en noodsaaklikheid van integrasie en koordinering
te toon. Dit beklemtoon egter ook die noodsaaklikheid daarvan dat behoorlike
stelsels, prosesse en strukture in organisasies geïmplimenteer word voordat koordinering
en intergrasie aangepak word. Die studie verbind die konsepte van koordinering
en intergrasie met alle ander fasette van ‘n organisatoriese stelsel, met ‘n
sterk fokus op die rol van tegnologie ten einde transformasie te bewerkstellig.
Die studie beoog om die transformasie van ‘verkeersdienste-organisasies wat met
raadsbeleid skakel’ na ‘n metropolitaanse polisiëringsdiens te vergemaklik, ten einde ‘n
moderne organisasie daar te stel wat in staat is om kompleksiteit, as ‘n integrale deel
van die interne en eksterne omgewing, deur middel van volhoubare strategieë te bestuur
en aan die vereistes van dienslewering in ‘n jong demokrasie van tien jaar te voldoen.
Die uitdaging om metropolitaanse polisiedienste in ooreenstemming met hedendaagse
demokratiese en konstitutionele beleid te vestig, berus op die leierskap (op alle vlakke) in die organisasie. So ook is daar die verantwoordelikheid om te verseker dat
metropolitaanse polisiedienste die diensleweringsuitkomstes behaal deur middel van ‘n
volhoubare visie, die tipe en gehalte van dienste wat gelewer word en die
prosesse/strategieë wat gevolg word ten einde volhoubaarheid te bereik.
Laasgenoemde (volhoubaarheid) verwys, vir die doeleindes van hierdie studie, na goeie
beheer en volhoubare ontwikkeling, beide deel van die hoeksteen van effektiewe en
doeltreffende polisiëring.
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2015-12-31 Effective public leadership to drive organisational change in the public health sector in order to improve service delivery : the case of the Western Cape Department of HealthIsaacs, Rafeeqah 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The goal of this research was to investigate effective leadership that drives organisational
change in the public health sector to meet the changing environmental needs to improve
service delivery within the Western Cape Department of Health. Organisational change in the
public health sector must lead to improved public health service delivery.
The role of leadership is to deal with incompetent personnel as they are the cause of problems
regarding inadequate service delivery. Leadership must contribute to the main areas where
competency development needs to take place. Healthcare 2030 requires transformational
leadership from the ranks of managers and clinicians for collective and distributed leadership
across all levels of organisations.
The research methodology used in this study was a combination of qualitative and
quantitative research methodologies. The methodology included an empirical investigation in
the form of a literature review and a preliminary semi-structured interview as well as a nonempirical
investigation. The empirical investigation was conducted by using semi-structured
interviews as well as a survey questionnaire which was designed to gather information
focussing on leader personality traits, task-related traits and understanding the organisation.
This study specifically focussed on effective public leadership to drive organisational change
in the health sector and to improve service delivery. The results provide support for a
cohesive trait-behavioural model of leadership effectiveness. In general, leadership traits
associated with task competence are related to task-oriented leadership behaviours, which
improve performance-related leadership outcomes. Effective leadership in the public health
sector that drives organisational change is based on the general personality traits of a leader,
task-related traits and understanding the organisation. These are the elements that are
important for effective public leadership to improve service delivery. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om doeltreffende leierskap, wat organisatoriese
verandering in die openbare gesondheidsektor teweeg kan bring, te ondersoek. Sodoende kan
in die veranderende omgewingsbehoeftes voorsien word en kan die Wes-Kaapse Department
van Gesondheid verbeter. Organisatoriese verandering in die openbare gesondheidsektor
moet tot verbeterde openbare gesondheidsdienslewering lei.
Die rol van leierskap is om onbekwame personeel te hanteer omdat hulle die oorsaak van
probleme met betrekking tot onvoldoende dienslewering is. Leierskap speel ‘n sleutelrol in
die bevordering van bevoegdheidsontwikkeling. Healthcare 2030 vereis transformerende
leierskap uit die geledere van bestuurders en dokters oor alle vlakke van organisasies heen.
Die navorsingsmetodologie wat in hierdie studie gebruik is, was ’n kombinasie van
kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsingsmetodologieë. Die metodologie het ’n empiriese
ondersoek in die vorm van ’n literatuuroorsig en ’n voorafgaande semi-gestruktureerde
onderhoud asook ’n nie-empiriese ondersoek, ingesluit. Die empiriese ondersoek is uitgevoer
deur van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude en ’n opnamevraelys gebruik te maak. Die vraelys
is ontwerp om inligting met betrekking tot leiers se persoonlikheidseienskappe, taakverwante
eienskappe en ’n begrip van die organisasie te ondersoek.
Hierdie studie het spesifiek op doeltreffende openbare leierskap gefokus om organisatoriese
verandering in die gesondheidsektor te bewerkstellig en dienslewering te verbeter. Die
resultate ondersteun ’n samehangende eienskapgedragmodel van leierskapdoeltreffendheid.
Oor die algemeen is leierskapeienskappe wat met taakbevoegdheid geassosieer word,
verwant aan taakgeöriënteerde leierskapgedrag wat prestasieverwante leierskapuitkomste
verbeter. Doeltreffende leierskap in die openbare gesondheidsektor wat organisatoriese
verandering dryf, is gegrond op die algemene persoonlikheidseienskappe van ’n leier, taakverwante
eienskappe en ’n begrip van die organisasie. Dit is die elemente wat belangrik is vir
doeltreffende openbare leierskap om dienslewering te verbeter.
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