Objetivo: Determinar si la edad materna está asociada a un aumento o disminución de riesgo de complicaciones obstétricas y perinatales, ajustándola por diversas variables confusoras. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva de 67 693 gestantes en Lima, entre enero del 2000 a diciembre del 2010, usando la base de datos del Sistema informático perinatal del Hospital Nacional María Auxiliadora. Las complicaciones fueron comparadas entre gestantes adolescentes (< 20 años) y gestantes adultas (20-35 años); el grupo adolescente se clasificó en adolescentes tardías (15-19 años) y adolescentes tempranas (< 15 años). Se obtuvieron los Odds Ratio ajustados con la regresión logística simple y múltiple. Resultados: Al ajustar las diversas variables, se encontró mayor riesgo de cesárea e infección puerperal en las adolescentes menores de 15 años, así como mayor riesgo de episiotomía en el grupo total de adolescentes. Asimismo, se identificó un menor riesgo del embarazo adolescente para preeclampsia, hemorragia de la 2da mitad del embarazo, ruptura prematura de membranas, amenaza de parto pretérmino y desgarro vaginal. Conclusiones: Se encontró al embarazo adolescente como factor de riesgo para complicaciones obstétricas. Por lo tanto, se recomienda un control prenatal multidisciplinario para éste grupo etario. / Objective: To determine whether maternal age is associated with increased or decreased risk of obstetric and perinatal outcomes, adjusting by several factors. Metods: Retrospective cohort study of 67 693 pregnant women in Lima, from January 2000 to December 2010, using the perinatal database computer system from the Hospital Nacional María Auxiliadora. Outcomes were compared among pregnant adolescents (< 20 years) and adults (20-35 years); in addition, the adolescent group was divided in late adolescents (15-20 years), and early adolescents (<15 years). Adjusted odds ratios were obtained through logistic regression analysis. Results: Adjusting by several factors, an increased risk of cesarean and puerperal infection in adolescents less than 15 years was found, as well as an increased risk of episiotomy in the total group of adolescents. In addition, this study identified a lower risk of preeclampsia, 2nd half-pregnancy bleeding, premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor and vaginal tearing among adolescent mothers. Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy was found as a risk factor for adverse obstetric outcomes; hence, a multidisciplinary prenatal care for this group of adolescent is recommended. Key Word: Adolescent pregnancy, obstetric outcomes, perinatal outcomes / Tesis

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Psychology (Clinical Psychology) in the Department of Psychology at the University of Zululand, 2017 / The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of postnatal depression among adolescent mothers. The study was going to achieve this through a comparative approach. Two groups of adolescent mothers were compared. One group’s participants were still in relationships with their partners (child’s biological father), and the other group consisted of single adolescent partners without the child’s biological father, or a romantic partner. The research study was based in the Umhlathuze region, in two local townships, namely, Enseleni and Esikhawini Townships. A total of 100 adolescent mothers from two health care facilities were sampled for the current research study. A quantitative research methodology was adopted, as the study intended to compare nominal variables. A self-selection sampling method was utilised, and a validated tool called the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to collect data. Furthermore, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilised for the purposes of data analysis. The study revealed that there was no evidence of an association between partner availability and postnatal depression among adolescent mothers. However, the limitations of the current research study were acknowledged. The study recommends that a more longitudinal study be conducted, with a closer look at the quality of romantic relations among adolescent couples, and their impact on postnatal health of both adolescent mothers and fathers. / National Research Foundation

Understanding the adaptational responses and ecocultural niche of the Navajo adolescent mother from her perspective provides a richness of information about a little-studied population . The overall purpose of this study was to explore the ecocultural factors determined to be significant in the decision of a Navajo adolescent mother to remain in high school or drop out of high school. Thirty Navajo adolescent mothers recruited from two small reservation towns in eastern Arizona participated in the study. Navajo adolescent mothers in the study participated in a one and one half hour semistructured accommodations interview, and completed a Family Resource Scale and a Family Support Scale. An assessment tool, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, was administered to infants and toddlers of Navajo adolescent mothers. Computation of effect sizes determined the magnitude of difference between the two groups. Findings indicated that (a) Navajo adolescent mothers who remained in high school had more family support than those who dropped out of high school, (b) Navajo adolescent mothers who remained in high school had more family resources than those who dropped out of high school, and (c) Navajo adolescent mothers who remained in high school made greater adaptations than those who dropped out of high school. An additional question focused on the relationship between Navajo adolescent mothers' current enrollment in school and the cognitive and motor performance development of their children. Findings indicated that children born to Navajo adolescent mothers in the drop-out group scored higher on both the cognitive and motor performance tests of development than those infants born to the in-school group mothers.

No description available.

This research was one of the first longitudinal studies to determine the effectiveness of a computerized infant simulator as a deterrent to adolescent pregnancy. All of the female eighth-grade students (221) in 1994-1995 and 1995-1996 from a suburban North Texas middle school were part of this study. They were tracked from the eighth grade through high school graduation to determine whether and when pregnancies occurred. The Kaplan-Meier procedure for survival analysis was used to determine test statistics. Survival functions and hazard functions were created for each independent variable--parenting the infant simulator, ethnic and racial, involvement in co-curricular activities, and crime. Results showed the computerized infant simulator to be highly effective in postponing the on-set of pregnancies for those students who participated in the parenting simulation. Hazards peaked at 3 years, 2 months for the experimental group and at 2 years, 21/2 months for the control group. Summertime and holiday seasons marked times of the year when the majority of pregnancies occurred. Caucasians peaked before the Other ethnic group. No significant differences were detected in regard to involvement in co-curricular activities, and no involvement in crime was self-reported. The model was developed to use as a guideline for implementing a pregnancy prevention unit in schools. This model could be used by Family and Consumer Sciences classes, teen pregnancy prevention programs, childbirth preparation classes, at-risk student programs, substance abuse intervention programs, and religious education classes.

CIRCUMSTANCES SURROUNDING EARLY PARENTHOOD IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: LIFE STRATEGIES OF PREGNANT WOMEN AND MOTHERS UNDER THE AGE OF 20 Abstract The data gathered in the qualitative study by 58 semi-structured interviews with pregnant teenage girls or teenage mothers were used to describe relatively large scope of life circumstances connected to early pregnancies. The author examines what was the reason for becoming pregnant, how the teenagers' decision about how to respond to getting pregnant was made and how their life strategies changed under the pressure of this unpredictable event. Studying sexual behavior of adolescent mothers the author placed emphasis on partners' communication connected with first sexual intercourse and the increased risk of sexual abuse among the observed population. Furthermore, the role of "sexual socialization" in the family of origin was discussed. Concerning decision-making process- "keeping the baby or not", the main emphasis was placed on the social support networks and their influence on pregnant women's decisions. Very important issue analyzed in this part of the study is phenomenon of "wishing to have a baby". Another topics covered are the family formation process and housing conditions after opting for motherhood, in particular, the importance of marriage and the partner's...

A gestação é um período de transição que faz parte do processo normal do desenvolvimento humano. Há grandes transformações, não só no organismo da mulher, mas quanto ao seu bem-estar, alterando seu psiquismo. Depressão é um transtorno mental relativamente comum durante a gravidez, associado a diversos fatores de risco. Os sintomas da depressão são frequentemente confundidos com as oscilações de humor normais da gravidez. A ocorrência de depressão em gestantes pode incorrer em consequências no desenvolvimento da criança. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de verificar se filhos de mães deprimidas apresentam diferença no índice de Apgar, peso, altura e sinais de retração, comparados àqueles cujas mães não sofreram de depressão. Para isso, foram avaliadas quarenta díades mãe-bebê utilizando os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Avaliação de Depressão de Hamilton, Índice de Apgar e Escala de Avaliação da Reação de Retração no Bebê. Os resultados dos dois grupos (mães deprimidas e não deprimidas) foram comparados estatisticamente. Todas as mães foram submetidas aos instrumentos acima relacionados de maneira padronizada. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os índices de Apgar , peso ou altura. No entanto, observou-se uma tendência de diferença entre filhos de mães deprimidas e não deprimidas quanto aos sinais de retração. Concluiu-se que crianças filhas de mães deprimidas não apresentaram alterações em grande parte das categorias avaliadas durante os primeiros seis meses de vida, observando-se uma tendência a manifestarem maior freqüência de sinais de retração, dado que justifica a avaliação de uma amostra maior. / Pregnancy is a transition period which is natural to the process of human development. There are major transformations, not only physiological, but also in the well being of women which alters their psyche. Depression is a relatively common mental disorder that can be associated with several risk factors. The symptoms of depression are frequently mistaken for mood swings which are common during pregnancy. The presence of depression can lead to consequences in the development of the child. The objective of this paper is to verify if children from depressed mothers present differences in Apgar scores, weight, height and signs of distress when compared to children whose mothers did not suffer from depression. In order to do so, forty mother-baby dyads were evaluated using the following tests: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Apgar scores and The Baby Alarm Distress Scale. The results from both groups (depressed mothers and non-depressed mothers) were compared statistically. All the mothers were subjected to the tests listed above in a standardized manner. There were no differences observed in the Apgar scores, weight or height, however a tendency was observed in the difference between children from depressed mothers and non-depressed mothers when analyzed for signs of distress. It was concluded that children from depressed mothers do not present changes in most of the evaluated categories for the first six months, observing that there is a tendency for children to present signs of distress more frequently, data which justifies the evaluation of a bigger sample of patients.

To examine individual, interpersonal, family, and community correlates associated with moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms among pregnant adolescents. A total of 249 primarily African American and Hispanic pregnant adolescents ages 15–18 years were recruited into either an intervention group utilizing Centering Pregnancy prenatal care and case management, or to a comparison group receiving case management only. Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were defined as a score ≥16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Intervention and comparison groups did not significantly differ on demographic characteristics or depression scores at baseline. A total of 115 (46.1 %) participants met criteria for moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms at entry into the program. Pregnant adolescents who were moderately-to-severely depressed were more likely to be African American, to have reported limited contact with the father of the baby, and to have experienced prior verbal, physical or sexual abuse. Depressed adolescents also experienced high levels of family criticism, low levels of general support, and exposure to community violence. A significant number of pregnant adolescents were affected by depression and other challenges that could affect their health. Comprehensive interventions addressing these challenges and incorporating partners and families are needed.

Estudo qualitativo que objetivou analisar a rede social e o apoio social, disponíveis e acessíveis, durante a maternidade, na adolescência. Participaram da pesquisa 20 adolescentes que estavam vivenciando a maternidade, em um distrito de saúde em um município, no interior de São Paulo. Para a coleta de dados, utilizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, diário de campo e a elaboração de um mapa de rede. Os resultados foram agrupados, de acordo com a análise de conteúdo temática, em quatro núcleos temáticos. \"Tendo o apoio da minha mãe, já tá bom\"; \"Depois que eu descobri, fiz o pré-natal certinho\"; \"Não, não trabalho e nem estudo\" e \"Foi difícil, mas foi bom\". O núcleo temático \"Tendo o apoio da minha mãe, já tá bom\" evidenciou a família, principalmente a mãe sendo fonte central do apoio social. Este núcleo também traz outras relações significativas para as adolescentes, como os amigos e o companheiro. O núcleo \"Depois que eu descobri, fiz o pré-natal certinho\" expressa o acesso à rede de serviços de saúde, principalmente os de tecnologia dura, que foi concretizado à medida que as adolescentes usufruíram as tecnologias para a realização do pré-natal. O núcleo \"Não, não trabalho e nem estudo\" revela as fragilidades da rede e do apoio social, principalmente as redes institucionais, que não conseguem fortalecer seus serviços, para dar o apoio social necessário à maternidade na adolescência. O último núcleo \"Foi difícil, mas foi bom\" relativiza a denotação negativa da experiência da maternidade na adolescência, trazendo novas percepções e sentidos dessa experiência, mesmo diante das dificuldades. Consideramos que compreender a rede social e o apoio que nela flui pode potencializar as condições de vida das adolescentes que vivenciam a maternidade. Entretanto o estudo revelou falhas na articulação da rede social, não havendo comunicação entre os serviços e as ações desenvolvidos em diversos setores, tais como educação, saúde e assistência social. Neste escopo, a articulação dos serviços é importante para transformar o quadro de fragilidades e vulnerabilidades. Esperamos que as discussões apresentadas neste estudo possam subsidiar a elaboração de ações intersetoriais, com base na integralidade, a partir das necessidades das adolescentes, com vistas à melhoria da qualidade de vida e à efetivação de seus direitos. / Qualitative research that aimed to analyze the available and accessible social network and social support during motherhood in adolescence. 20 adolescents living motherhood in a health district located in a town from the state of São Paulo took part on the research. Semi structured interviews, field notes and the development of a network map were used for the data collection. The results were grouped in four thematic nuclei, according to a theme-based content analysis. \"Having my mother\'s support is enough\"; \"After I found out, I did my prenatal care right\"; \"No, I don\'t work and I don\'t study\"; and \"It was hard, but it was good\". The thematic nucleus \"Having my mother\'s support is enough\" evidenced family, and especially the mother, as the main source of social support. This nucleus also brings other significant relationships to the adolescents, as friends and their partners. The nucleus \"After I found out, I did my prenatal care right\" expresses the access to the heath service network, especially the hard technology ones, which were achieved as the adolescents used technologies for their prenatal care. The nucleus \"No, I don\'t work and I don\'t study\" reveals the fragilities of both the social network and the social support, especially the institutional networks, unable to provide their services concerning the necessary social support for adolescent motherhood. The last nucleus, \"It was hard, but it was good\" puts the negative denotation of the experience of adolescent motherhood on perspective, bringing new perceptions and meanings for this experience, even facing the difficulties. We consider that understanding the social network and the support flowing through it may potentiate the living conditions of those teenagers experiencing motherhood. However, the study revealed flaws on the articulation of the social network, lacking communication between services and actions developed in several sectors, such as education, health and social work. In this scope, the articulation of services is important for transforming the situation of fragilities and vulnerabilities. We hope that the discussions presented on this study may subsidize the elaboration of inter-sector actions, based on integrality and considering the adolescents\' necessities, aiming both to improve their life quality and to carry out their rights.

Estudo qualitativo que objetivou analisar a rede social e o apoio social, disponíveis e acessíveis, durante a maternidade, na adolescência. Participaram da pesquisa 20 adolescentes que estavam vivenciando a maternidade, em um distrito de saúde em um município, no interior de São Paulo. Para a coleta de dados, utilizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, diário de campo e a elaboração de um mapa de rede. Os resultados foram agrupados, de acordo com a análise de conteúdo temática, em quatro núcleos temáticos. \"Tendo o apoio da minha mãe, já tá bom\"; \"Depois que eu descobri, fiz o pré-natal certinho\"; \"Não, não trabalho e nem estudo\" e \"Foi difícil, mas foi bom\". O núcleo temático \"Tendo o apoio da minha mãe, já tá bom\" evidenciou a família, principalmente a mãe sendo fonte central do apoio social. Este núcleo também traz outras relações significativas para as adolescentes, como os amigos e o companheiro. O núcleo \"Depois que eu descobri, fiz o pré-natal certinho\" expressa o acesso à rede de serviços de saúde, principalmente os de tecnologia dura, que foi concretizado à medida que as adolescentes usufruíram as tecnologias para a realização do pré-natal. O núcleo \"Não, não trabalho e nem estudo\" revela as fragilidades da rede e do apoio social, principalmente as redes institucionais, que não conseguem fortalecer seus serviços, para dar o apoio social necessário à maternidade na adolescência. O último núcleo \"Foi difícil, mas foi bom\" relativiza a denotação negativa da experiência da maternidade na adolescência, trazendo novas percepções e sentidos dessa experiência, mesmo diante das dificuldades. Consideramos que compreender a rede social e o apoio que nela flui pode potencializar as condições de vida das adolescentes que vivenciam a maternidade. Entretanto o estudo revelou falhas na articulação da rede social, não havendo comunicação entre os serviços e as ações desenvolvidos em diversos setores, tais como educação, saúde e assistência social. Neste escopo, a articulação dos serviços é importante para transformar o quadro de fragilidades e vulnerabilidades. Esperamos que as discussões apresentadas neste estudo possam subsidiar a elaboração de ações intersetoriais, com base na integralidade, a partir das necessidades das adolescentes, com vistas à melhoria da qualidade de vida e à efetivação de seus direitos. / Qualitative research that aimed to analyze the available and accessible social network and social support during motherhood in adolescence. 20 adolescents living motherhood in a health district located in a town from the state of São Paulo took part on the research. Semi structured interviews, field notes and the development of a network map were used for the data collection. The results were grouped in four thematic nuclei, according to a theme-based content analysis. \"Having my mother\'s support is enough\"; \"After I found out, I did my prenatal care right\"; \"No, I don\'t work and I don\'t study\"; and \"It was hard, but it was good\". The thematic nucleus \"Having my mother\'s support is enough\" evidenced family, and especially the mother, as the main source of social support. This nucleus also brings other significant relationships to the adolescents, as friends and their partners. The nucleus \"After I found out, I did my prenatal care right\" expresses the access to the heath service network, especially the hard technology ones, which were achieved as the adolescents used technologies for their prenatal care. The nucleus \"No, I don\'t work and I don\'t study\" reveals the fragilities of both the social network and the social support, especially the institutional networks, unable to provide their services concerning the necessary social support for adolescent motherhood. The last nucleus, \"It was hard, but it was good\" puts the negative denotation of the experience of adolescent motherhood on perspective, bringing new perceptions and meanings for this experience, even facing the difficulties. We consider that understanding the social network and the support flowing through it may potentiate the living conditions of those teenagers experiencing motherhood. However, the study revealed flaws on the articulation of the social network, lacking communication between services and actions developed in several sectors, such as education, health and social work. In this scope, the articulation of services is important for transforming the situation of fragilities and vulnerabilities. We hope that the discussions presented on this study may subsidize the elaboration of inter-sector actions, based on integrality and considering the adolescents\' necessities, aiming both to improve their life quality and to carry out their rights.