by Chan Tung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-102). / Abstract and questionnaire also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Chinese abstract --- p.ii / Table of contents --- p.iii / Acknowledgment --- p.v / List of tables --- p.vi / List of figures --- p.vii / Glossary of terms and abbreviations --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Asthma epidemiology --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Aim of study --- p.3 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature review --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Definitions of asthma --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- Questionnaire in asthma epidemiological surveys --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3 --- Asthma prevalence studies in Western populations --- p.9 / Chapter 2.4 --- Asthma prevalence studies in Hong Kong --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Adult asthma --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Childhood asthma --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Asthma mortality --- p.17 / Chapter 2.5 --- Environmental risk factors of asthma --- p.17 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Allergens --- p.19 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Air pollution --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Environmental tobacco smoke --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Viral infections --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- Dietary factors --- p.30 / Chapter 2.5.6 --- Allergen avoidance --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Epidemiological survey --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1 --- Subjects and methods --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Subjects --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Written questionnaire --- p.35 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Video questionnaire --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Bronchial hyperresponsiveness testing --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Results --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.55 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Environmental survey --- p.63 / Chapter 4.1 --- Subjects and methods --- p.63 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Subjects --- p.63 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Questionnaire survey --- p.63 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Allergen sampling --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2 --- Results --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion --- p.73 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Overall discussion and conclusions --- p.81 / References --- p.85 / Appendix

by Lee Suk Fan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-157). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / 槪論 --- p.v / List of Abbreviations --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Sex Difference in Alcohol Consumption on Hamster --- p.31 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Effect of Chronic Alcohol Consumption --- p.65 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Effect of Green Tea Polyphenols on Alcohol Metabolizing Enzymes in Hamster --- p.108 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.135 / References --- p.140

Chu Ching Yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 170-189). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Classes of Fatty Acids --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-6 & n-3) --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- "High Fish Oil Content in Diet, High n-3 PUFAs Intake, Fight against Cardiovascular Risk" --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- n-3 Fatty Acids Improve Hypertension --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- n-3 Fatty Acids Protect from Atherosclerosis --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- PUFAs are Beneficial in Inflammation --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- n-3 PUFAs Help to Control Tumour Growth --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3 --- Obesity and Eating Disorder --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- "Obesity, a Companion of the Modern World" --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Health Risks Related to Obesity --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Management of Obesity --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Care Must be Taken to Prevent the Development of Eating Disorder or Other Psychological Disturbances during Weight Loss Programme --- p.21 / Chapter 2 --- Weight Cycling with ChowDiet --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Definition of Weight Cycling --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Incentives Leading to Weight Cycling --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Problems Aroused by Weight Cycling --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- "Food Preference, Efficiency and Expenditure" --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- Increased Overall and Central Adiposity --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.3.3 --- Increased Morbidity and Mortality of Cardiovascular Disease --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.3.4 --- Psychological Impact and Social Consequences --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2 --- Objective --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Animal Handling --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Lipid Analysis --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Adipose Tissues --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Carcass --- p.36 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Proximate Analysis --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Crude Fat --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Crude Protein --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.3.3 --- Moisture --- p.40 / Chapter 2.3.3.4 --- Ash --- p.40 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Serum Analysis --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.4.1 --- Serum Triglycerides --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.4.2 --- Serum Cholesterol --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results --- p.44 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Body Weight --- p.44 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Food Intake --- p.44 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Organ Weight --- p.47 / Chapter 2.4.3.1 --- Liver --- p.47 / Chapter 2.4.3.2 --- Adipose Tissues --- p.47 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Lipid Analysis --- p.52 / Chapter 2.4.4.1 --- Adipose Tissues --- p.52 / Chapter 2.4.4.2 --- Carcass --- p.52 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Proximate Analysis --- p.60 / Chapter 2.4.5.1 --- Crude Fat --- p.60 / Chapter 2.4.5.2 --- Moisture --- p.60 / Chapter 2.4.5.3 --- Crude Protein and Ash --- p.62 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Serum Analysis --- p.64 / Chapter 2.4.6.1 --- Serum Triglycerides --- p.64 / Chapter 2.4.6.2 --- Serum Cholesterol --- p.64 / Chapter 2.5 --- Discussion --- p.66 / Chapter 3 --- Degrees of Food Restriction on Bod y Fa tty Acid Composition --- p.71 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.71 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Skipping Breakfast --- p.71 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- "Nibbling, Grazing vs Gorging" --- p.72 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Reducing Food Intake in Meals --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- Anti-Aging Action --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- Effects on Other Health Issues --- p.75 / Chapter 3.1.3.3 --- Energy Expenditure --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2 --- Objective --- p.78 / Chapter 3.3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Animal Handling --- p.79 / Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Body Weight --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Food Intake --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Organ Weight --- p.83 / Chapter 3.4.3.1 --- Liver --- p.83 / Chapter 3.4.3.2 --- Adipose Tissues --- p.83 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Lipid Analysis --- p.88 / Chapter 3.4.4.1 --- Adipose Tissues --- p.88 / Chapter 3.4.4.2 --- Carcass --- p.88 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Proximate Analysis --- p.102 / Chapter 3.4.5.1 --- Crude Fat --- p.102 / Chapter 3.4.5.2 --- Moisture --- p.102 / Chapter 3.4.5.3 --- Crude Protein and Ash --- p.103 / Chapter 3.4.6 --- Serum Analysis --- p.106 / Chapter 3.4.6.1 --- Serum Triglycerides --- p.106 / Chapter 3.4.6.2 --- Serum Cholesterol --- p.106 / Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.108 / Chapter 4 --- Food Restriction with Diets Containing Various Amount of FAT --- p.112 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.112 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Adverse Effects of High-Fat Diets --- p.113 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Adverse Effects of Low-Fat Diets --- p.114 / Chapter 4.2 --- Objective --- p.116 / Chapter 4.3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.117 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Animal Handling --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4 --- Results --- p.120 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Body Weight --- p.120 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Food Intake --- p.120 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Organ Weight --- p.122 / Chapter 4.4.3.1 --- Liver --- p.122 / Chapter 4.4.3.2 --- Adipose Tissues --- p.122 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Lipid Analysis --- p.127 / Chapter 4.4.4.1 --- Adipose Tissues --- p.127 / Chapter 4.4.4.2 --- Carcass --- p.127 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Proximate Analysis --- p.147 / Chapter 4.4.5.1 --- Crude Fat --- p.147 / Chapter 4.4.5.2 --- Moisture --- p.147 / Chapter 4.4.5.3 --- Crude Protein and Ash --- p.148 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Serum Analysis --- p.151 / Chapter 4.4.6.1 --- Serum Triglycerides --- p.151 / Chapter 4.4.6.2 --- Serum Cholesterol --- p.151 / Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.153 / Chapter 5 --- Future Prospects --- p.159 / Chapter 5.1 --- Leptin --- p.159 / Chapter 5.2 --- Enzymes --- p.162 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.166 / Chapter 7 --- References --- p.170

Lam Wai-man Wynnie. / "April 2002." / Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-134). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Liu Ming Ju. / "June 2003." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Kwong Man Kwong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-99). / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.ix / Chapter I. --- ABSTRACT --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.4 / Chapter III. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.6 / Chapter A. --- EXCITATORY AMINO ACIDS AND EXCITOTOXICITY --- p.6 / Chapter 1. --- GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS --- p.7 / Chapter 2. --- NMDA RECEPTOR --- p.9 / Chapter 3. --- EXCITOTOXICITY --- p.10 / Chapter a. --- ACUTE PHASE --- p.10 / Chapter b. --- DELAYED PHASE --- p.11 / Chapter c. --- MECHANISM --- p.11 / Chapter i) --- Inhibition of Na+，K+-ATPase --- p.12 / Chapter ii) --- Impaired Mitochondrial Calcium Buffering --- p.12 / Chapter iii) --- Perturbation of Cytoskeletal Organisation --- p.13 / Chapter iv) --- Phospholipase Activation --- p.14 / Chapter v) --- Endonuclease Activation --- p.15 / Chapter vi) --- Protein Kinase C Activation --- p.15 / Chapter vii) --- Xanthine Oxidase Activation --- p.16 / Chapter viii) --- Nitric Oxidase Synthase Activation --- p.16 / Chapter B. --- APOPTOSIS --- p.19 / Chapter 1. --- MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES --- p.19 / Chapter 2. --- BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHANGES --- p.20 / Chapter 3. --- APOPTOTIC MEDIATORS --- p.21 / Chapter a. --- INTERLEUKIN-1β CONVERTING ENZYME (ICE) --- p.21 / Chapter b. --- ENDONUCLEASE --- p.22 / Chapter c. --- NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (NOS) --- p.23 / Chapter d. --- POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE (PARP) --- p.24 / Chapter e. --- CALPAINS --- p.25 / Chapter IV. --- NMDA INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN RAT RETINA --- p.27 / Chapter A. --- RATIONALE --- p.27 / Chapter B. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.31 / Chapter 1. --- NMDA INDUCED EXCITOTOXICITY --- p.31 / Chapter a. --- INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS --- p.31 / Chapter b. --- RETINAL GANGLION CELL COUNTS (RGCC) --- p.32 / Chapter i) --- Flat Preparation of Rat Retina --- p.33 / Chapter ii) --- RGCC --- p.33 / Chapter d. --- INNER RETINAL THICKNESS (IRT) --- p.34 / Chapter i. --- Preparation of Epoxyl Specimens --- p.34 / Chapter ii. --- Measurement of IRT --- p.36 / Chapter 2. --- DOSE RESPONSE STUDY OF NMDA --- p.36 / Chapter 3. --- NMDA INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN RAT RETINA --- p.37 / Chapter a. --- GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF RETINAL DNA --- p.37 / Chapter b. --- HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES --- p.39 / Chapter i) --- Light Microscopy --- p.39 / Chapter ii) --- Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin Nick End Labelling (TUNEL) --- p.40 / Chapter iii) --- Electron Microscopy (EM) --- p.41 / Chapter c. --- MORPHOMETRY --- p.41 / Chapter i) --- TUNEL Positive Nuclei --- p.41 / Chapter ii) --- RGCC and IRT --- p.42 / Chapter 4. --- STUDY OF ENZYME INHIBITORS --- p.42 / Chapter C. --- RESULTS --- p.43 / Chapter 1. --- EXCITOTOXICITY IN RAT RETINA --- p.43 / Chapter a. --- RGCC --- p.43 / Chapter b. --- IRT --- p.44 / Chapter 2. --- DOSE DEPENDENT TISSUE RESPONSES AND REGIONAL RESPONSES --- p.44 / Chapter a. --- RGCC --- p.44 / Chapter b. --- IRT --- p.45 / Chapter 3. --- NMDA INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN RAT RETINA --- p.45 / Chapter a. --- RETINAL DNA GEL ELECTROPHORESIS --- p.46 / Chapter b. --- HISTOPATHOLOGY AND TUNEL --- p.46 / Chapter c. --- MORPHOMETRY OF TUNEL AT THE RGCL AND INL --- p.47 / Chapter d. --- TISSUE RESPONSES AT 7 DAYS AFTER INJECTION --- p.48 / Chapter e. --- EM --- p.48 / Chapter i) --- RGCL --- p.48 / Chapter ii) --- INL --- p.48 / Chapter 4. --- ENZYME INHIBITOR STUDY IN NMDA INDUCED EXCITOTOXICITY --- p.49 / Chapter a. --- EFFECT OF VARIOUS ENZYME INHIBITORS ON RGCC --- p.49 / Chapter b. --- EFFECT OF VARIOUS ENZYME INHIBITORS ON IRT --- p.50 / Chapter D. --- DISCUSSION --- p.51 / Chapter 1. --- NMDA INDUCED EXCITOTOXICITY IN RAT RETINA --- p.51 / Chapter 2. --- DOSE DEPENDENT RESPONSES AND REGIONAL RESPONSES --- p.55 / Chapter 3. --- NMDA INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN RAT RETINA --- p.58 / Chapter 4. --- INHIBITOR STUDY --- p.62 / Chapter a. --- ICE --- p.63 / Chapter b. --- ENDONUCLEASE --- p.65 / Chapter c. --- NOS --- p.67 / Chapter d. --- PARP --- p.69 / Chapter e. --- CALPAIN --- p.70 / Chapter V. --- NMDA INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN RABBIT RETINA --- p.72 / Chapter A. --- RATIONALE --- p.72 / Chapter B. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.73 / Chapter 1. --- INTRAVITREAL INJECTION OF NMDA --- p.73 / Chapter 2. --- HISTOPATHOLOGY AND TUNEL --- p.74 / Chapter 3. --- MORPHOMETRY OF TUNEL --- p.74 / Chapter 4. --- TISSUE RESPONSES AT 7 DAYS AFTER INJECTION --- p.74 / Chapter a. --- RGCC --- p.74 / Chapter b. --- IRT --- p.74 / Chapter 5. --- EM --- p.75 / Chapter C. --- RESULTS --- p.76 / Chapter 1. --- HISTOPATHOLOGY AND TUNEL --- p.76 / Chapter 2. --- MORPHOMETRY OF TUNEL --- p.77 / Chapter 3. --- TISSUE RESPONSES AT 7 DAYS POST INJECTION --- p.78 / Chapter a. --- RGCC --- p.78 / Chapter b. --- IRT --- p.78 / Chapter 4. --- EM --- p.79 / Chapter a. --- RGCL --- p.79 / Chapter b. --- INL --- p.79 / Chapter B. --- DISCUSSION --- p.80 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.82 / Chapter VII. --- REFERENCES --- p.83 / Chapter VIII. --- FIGURES --- p.100

Chan Ching-Man Loren. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-144). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / Table of Content --- p.vii / List of Figure --- p.ix / List of Abbreviations --- p.xii / Chapter Chapter One --- General Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Doxorubicin --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Antioxidants --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3 --- Flavonoids --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4 --- Protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by antioxidant --- p.25 / Chapter 1.5 --- Aim of research --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Study of Cardioprotection Effect of Flavonoids Against Doxorubicin-induced Toxicity in Sprague-Dawley Rats / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.37 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.51 / Chapter ChapterThree --- Study of Effect of Flavonoids in Chemotherapy of Doxorubicinin Tumor-bearing Mice / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.80 / Chapter ChapterFour --- Study of the Effect of Flavonoids on Doxorubicin-induced Cytotoxicity on Human Tumor Cell Line and Doxorubicin-resistant Human Tumor Cell Line / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.83 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.86 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.94 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.120 / Chapter Chapter five --- Conclusion --- p.122 / References --- p.126

Chun Chiu Ping, Holly. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-134). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- History of iodinated contrast media --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Classification of contrast media reactions --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Mechanisms of contrast media reactions --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- The multi-factorial contrast media reactions --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Contrast reactions and patient gender --- p.10 / Chapter 1.6 --- Patient profile --- p.11 / Chapter 2 --- HYPOTHESES --- p.12 / Chapter 3 --- OBJECTIVES --- p.13 / Chapter 4 --- CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS --- p.14 / Chapter 5 --- METHODOLOGY --- p.15 / Chapter 5.1 --- Patient groups --- p.16 / Chapter 5.2 --- Choice of contrast media --- p.17 / Chapter 5.3 --- Amount of contrast media --- p.18 / Chapter 5.4 --- Practical points --- p.19 / Chapter 5.5 --- Double blindness of the study --- p.20 / Chapter 5.6 --- Inclusion/exclusion criteria --- p.21 / Chapter 5.7 --- Patient preparation --- p.23 / Chapter 5.8 --- Data acquisition --- p.26 / Chapter 5.9 --- Quality control --- p.27 / Chapter 5.10 --- Data management and analysis --- p.30 / Chapter 6 --- RESULTS --- p.31 / Chapter 6.1 --- Overall frequency of reactions --- p.33 / Chapter 6.2 --- Gender difference of reactions --- p.34 / Chapter 6.3 --- All reactions vs. dose level for different genders --- p.35 / Chapter 6.4 --- All reactions versus dose level - genders compared --- p.38 / Chapter 6.5 --- Patterns of reactions --- p.39 / Chapter 6.6 --- Reactions to different contrast media --- p.46 / Chapter 6.7 --- Management of reactions --- p.54 / Chapter 6.8 --- Summary of reactions --- p.56 / Chapter 7 --- DISCUSSION --- p.59 / Chapter 7.0 --- Introduction --- p.59 / Chapter 7.1 --- Reliability of patients' response --- p.66 / Chapter 7.2 --- Results of quality control (by comparators) --- p.67 / Chapter 7.3 --- "Overall frequency of reactions (both contrast media, immediate and delayed reactions)" --- p.71 / Chapter 7.4 --- Patients' age --- p.79 / Chapter 7.5 --- Why were there more delayed reactions after injecting nonionic Iopamiro? --- p.84 / Chapter 7.6 --- Factors affecting prevalence of reactions to contrast media in intravenous urography --- p.97 / Chapter 7.7 --- Further studies --- p.103 / Chapter 8 --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.104 / Chapter 8.1 --- Recommendations devised from the conclusions (Clinical implications) --- p.106 / Chapter 9 --- APPENDIXES --- p.107 / Chapter 9.1 --- "Appendix 1: Steroid cover regime in Diagnostic Radiology & Organ Imaging Department, Prince of Wales Hospital" --- p.107 / Chapter 9.2 --- Appendix 2: Data sheet to record patient history --- p.109 / Chapter 9.3 --- Appendix 3: Injection conditions and immediate reactions --- p.112 / Chapter 9.4 --- Appendix 4: Data sheet to record delayed reactions --- p.116 / Chapter 9.5 --- Appendix 5: Quality control by comparators --- p.122 / Chapter 10 --- REFERENCES --- p.130

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Study of adverse events in an accredited secondary hospital of CearÃ: an approach to risk management. Author: Milena Pontes Portela Beserra. Supervisor: ProfÂ. Dr Marta Maria de FranÃa Fonteles. [Master degreeâs dissertation. Post Graduation in Pharmaceutical Science. Department of Pharmacy â Federal University of CearÃ]. BACKGROUND: Hospital Risk Management acts in the prevention, detection, control or eliminate risks that could cause harm to patients, in Brazil this concept was implemented in 2001 by the National Agency for Sanitary Surveillance (Anvisa), Ministry of Health with the project Sentinel Hospitals, and currently brings together nearly two hundred institutions. It consists basically of three pillars: pharmacovigilance, haemovigilance and technical surveillance. Indicators of results and adverse events are fundamental tools of quality by pointing out aspects of care that can be improved by making patient care without risks and failures, and therefore safer. In order to improve the quality of healthcare services in recent decades had the strength of the Hospital Accreditation Program consisting of external evaluation system that verifies the compliance of the structure and care processes with the adopted set of standards previously established. OBJECTIVES: To study adverse events suffered by hospitalized patients or that were related to drugs and related in a public secondary hospital accredited by National Accreditation Organization (ONA), in 2010, contextualizing the risk management approach in the hospital. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective documentary base at the Hospital General Dr. Waldemar Alcantara (HGWA) a survey of all reports of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), reactions to blood products and technical defects of materials, equipment and drugs, studying, and the risk management with a focus on pharmacovigilance, haemovigilance and technical surveillance, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: There have been 271 events, with 166 (61.3%) RAM, 64 (23.6%) technical defects, 41 (15.1%) transfusion reactions. We found a higher number of RAM in patients with extreme age and use of antimicrobials, as well as previously reported. The main reported ADRs were dermatological and medical groups were more involved antimicrobials for systemic use. The main blood component was transfused red blood cells, is also a major cause of anemia, transfusion reactions and the main indication. The most transfusion reactions reported were fever (55.6%), dyspnea (8.9%) and urticaria (8.9%), these reactions were immediate in 92.7% of cases, they occurred in up to 24 hours after transfusion. Techniques have been reported 64 complaints of 40 different products, the main products cited were: saline 100 mL closed system (14.1%) and micropore tape (7.8%). Had the potential to cause direct harm to patients 81.3% the complaints and the nursing staff was the main notifier. CONCLUSION: The HGWA presents a program of effective risk management, maintaining and working on positive indicators for the safety of the patient. Even more important is to note that you can perform a quality service in terms of risk management, even when it comes to a public hospital in northeastern Brazil with financial constraints. / Estudo dos eventos adversos em um hospital secundÃrio acreditado do CearÃ: uma abordagem no gerenciamento de riscos. Autora: Milena Pontes Portela Beserra. Orientadora: ProfÂ. DrÂ. Marta Maria de FranÃa Fonteles. [DissertaÃÃo de Mestrado â PÃs-graduaÃÃo em CiÃncias FarmacÃuticasâ Departamento de FarmÃcia da Universidade Federal do CearÃ]. INTRODUÃÃO: O Gerenciamento de Riscos Hospitalares atua na prevenÃÃo, detecÃÃo, controle ou eliminaÃÃo de riscos capazes de causar danos aos pacientes. No Brasil este conceito foi implantado em 2001 pela AgÃncia Nacional de VigilÃncia SanitÃria (Anvisa), do MinistÃrio da SaÃde, com o projeto Hospitais Sentinela, e, atualmente, congrega quase duas centenas de instituiÃÃes. à constituÃdo basicamente por trÃs pilares: farmacovigilÃncia, hemovigilÃncia e tecnovigilÃncia. Indicadores de resultados como os eventos adversos sÃo ferramentas fundamentais da qualidade por apontarem aspectos do cuidado que podem ser melhorados tornando a assistÃncia aos pacientes livre de riscos e falhas e, portanto, mais segura. Com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade assistencial dos serviÃos, nas Ãltimas dÃcadas, tiveram forÃa os Programas de AcreditaÃÃo Hospitalar que consistem em sistema de avaliaÃÃo externa que verifica a concordÃncia da estrutura e dos processos assistenciais adotados com o conjunto de padrÃes previamente estabelecidos. OBJETIVOS: Estudar eventos adversos que acometeram os pacientes internados ou que se relacionaram a medicamentos e correlatos, em um hospital pÃblico secundÃrio acreditado pela OrganizaÃÃo Nacional de AcreditaÃÃo (ONA), no ano de 2010, contextualizando a abordagem no gerenciamento de risco hospitalar. MÃTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de base documental no Hospital Geral Dr Waldemar AlcÃntara (HGWA) com levantamento de todas as notificaÃÃes de reaÃÃes adversas a medicamentos (RAM), reaÃÃes aos hemocomponentes e queixas tÃcnicas de materiais, equipamentos e medicamentos, estudando, assim, o gerenciamento de riscos com foco na farmacovigilÃncia, hemovigilÃncia e tecnovigilÃncia, respectivamente. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Foram notificados 271 eventos, sendo 166 (61,3%) RAM, 64 (23,6%) queixas tÃcnicas e 41 (15,1%) reaÃÃes transfusionais. Foi encontrado maior nÃmero de RAM nos pacientes pertencentes aos extremos etÃrios e em uso de antimicrobianos, conforme jà bem descrito na literatura. As principais RAM notificadas foram as dermatolÃgicas e o grupo medicamentoso mais envolvido foram os antimicrobianos de uso sistÃmico. O principal hemocomponente transfundido foi o concentrado de hemÃcias, sendo tambÃm o maior causador de reaÃÃes transfusionais e a anemia a principal indicaÃÃo. As reaÃÃes transfusionais mais notificadas foram: febre (55,6%), dispnÃia (8,9%) e urticÃria (8,9%), essas reaÃÃes foram imediatas em 92,7% dos casos, pois ocorreram em atà 24h apÃs a transfusÃo. Foram notificadas 64 queixas tÃcnicas de 40 produtos diferentes, os principais produtos citados foram: o soro fisiolÃgico 100mL sistema fechado (14,1%) e fita microporosa (7,8%). PossuÃam potencial para causar dano direto aos pacientes 81,3% das queixas e a equipe de enfermagem foi a principal notificadora. CONCLUSÃO: O HGWA apresenta um programa de gerenciamento de riscos eficiente, com manutenÃÃo de indicadores positivos e trabalhando em prol da seguranÃa do paciente. Ainda mais importante à ressaltar que à possÃvel realizar um serviÃo de qualidade, em termos de gerenciamento de riscos, mesmo quando se trata de um hospital pÃblico do nordeste brasileiro com limitaÃÃes financeiras.

Medication therapy is the most prevalent and critical intervention of health delivery and the source of most errors in healthcare. Medication errors and associated adverse drug events (ADE) have serious health and economic ramifications, and in elderly patients ADE are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Medication reconciliation is the process of evaluating current medication treatment to manage the risk and optimize the outcomes of medication treatment by detecting, solving, and preventing ADEs. This education project answered the question whether education provided to long term care staff would improve knowledge of medication reconciliation and be retained over time. The education program was developed through results of a literature search to identify evidence-based standards for medication reconciliation. The guiding theory for program was Kurt Lewin's theory of planned change. The test was developed on the medication reconciliation content and arrangements made for each of the 30 participants who were RNs, LPNs, and CMAs to take the test before and after the education program and again at 30 and 45 days. Results showed statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) with knowledge of medication reconciliation retained at 30- and 45-days post intervention. Positive social change is possible as nurses and CMAs in the long-term care facility use the knowledge of medication reconciliation to improve patient medication safety for the long-term care residences in the facility. Through appropriate reconciliation, medication errors and ADEs can be reduced or prevented and patient outcomes improved.