"April 1999." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-51). Aims to collect information about the numbers of dental workers who are sensitive or allergic to nickel and to help identify signs which might predict those people who are most likely to be sensitive to nickel. Uses a standard patch test to identify sensitive subjects.

M.S. / Bio-organic Chemistry / Single doses of tetrachlorobiphenyls, shown to be free of any chlorinated dibenzodioxins or dibenzofurans to a level of 1 ppm, were given to rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and the hepatic microsomal enzyme response measured periodically for 32 days. Liver biopsies, obtained by a closed needle technique, provided the tissue samples. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (measured as benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase), aminopyrine - N - demethylase and cytochrome P-450 were measured on each sample. Animals treated with 25 mg/kg body weight of 2,5,2' ,5'- tetrachlorobiphenyl showed a marked increase in the demethylase activity, which peaked at 1 to 2 days after treatment, and had no effect on the x hydroxylase activity or the position of the absorption maximum of the CO difference spectrum of cytochrome P-450. This is phenobarbital like inductive behavior. The animals treated with 1 mg/kg body weight of 3, 4, 3’, 4’-tetrachlorobiphenyl showed a 3-methylcholanthrene type inductive profile. The hydroxylase activity was significantly increased and peaked at 2 days after treatment. The demethylase activity was not changed. The position of the cytochrome P-450 difference spectrum absorption maximum was shifted to 448 nm. The control animals received just the acetone / corn oil vehicle and showed no changes in any of the biochemical activities measured in the course of this experiment. This data supports the structure activity relationships, established in rats, for chlorobiphenyls as inducers of hepatic microsomal enzyme activity in rhesus monkeys.

Genetically determined differences in drug metabolism and disposition and drug targets play a pivotal role in the interindividual variability in the clinical outcome of antipsychotic treatment. The aim of this thesis was to study the impact of polymorphisms in genes involved in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antipsychotics, with special focus on their extrapyramidal and metabolic adverse effects. Polymorphisms in serotonin 2A and 2C receptor coding genes (HTR2A and HTR2C) were found to be associated with the risk to develop extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) in patients on short term perphenazine treatment. A further study in a larger group of patients on long term treatment with various classical antipsychotics confirmed the association between occurrence of EPS and HTR2C polymorphisms. In another study, dose corrected steady state serum clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine concentrations (C/D) and insulin elevation during clozapine therapy were found to correlate with CYP1A2 but not with CYP2D6 polymorphisms. Furthermore, HTR2C and HTR2A polymorphisms were found to have significant influences on BMI and C-peptide levels in patients treated with olanzapine and clozapine. Evaluation of the impact of polymorphisms in genes encoding CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) in addition to CYP2D6 on the steady state plasma levels of risperidone, 9-hydroxyrisperidone and their active moiety revealed a significant influence of ABCB1 genotype on 9-hydroxyrisperidone and active moiety C/Ds, while CYP2D6 genotype associated with risperidone C/Ds but not with 9-hydroxyrisperidone or active moiety C/D. We have shown that polymorphisms in genes involved in the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of antipsychotic drugs play a role in the occurrence of adverse effects, both EPS and metabolic disturbances, induced by antipsychotic treatment. Genotyping for HTR2A, HTR2C, CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and ABCB1 polymorphisms may therefore potentially provide useful information to identify patients at higher risk to develop EPS or metabolic adverse during schizophrenia treatment with antipsychotic drugs.

Bakgrund: Cytostatika har sedan 1960-talet använts för att bota flera olika cancerformer. Cytostatika skadar tumörer men påverkar även friska celler vilket ofta medför en rad olika biverkningar. Cancerpatienter befinner sig ofta i en sårbar situation vilket kräver omsorgsfull omvårdnad. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att studera patienters upplevelser av vanligt förekommande cytostatikaorsakade biverkningar (illamående och kräkningar, fatigue, hårförlust, smak-och luktförändringar) samt vilka hanteringsstrategier de använder sig av. Metod: Denna litteraturstudie baseras på nio kvalitativa artiklar. Artikelsökningen genomfördes i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Artiklarna har analyserats genom innehållsanalys. Resultat: Biverkningarna kunde upplevas som fruktansvärda, olustiga, obehagliga och utmattande. Dessa påverkade det dagliga livet vad gällande bl.a. relationer och självständighet. Hanteringsstrategierna innefattade exempelvis vila, fysisk aktivitet och särskild kost. Slutsats: Många patienter upplever cytostatikaorsakade biverkningar som påfrestande och att de påverkar det dagliga livet negativt, men vissa patienter upplever tvärtom att de inte påverkar deras dagliga liv nämnvärt. Upplevelserna av biverkningarna och dess följder kan påverkas av patienternas förmåga att hitta fungerande hanteringsstrategier. Resultatet visar på skillnader mellan olika cancerpatienters upplevelser och strategier, vilket kan kräva personcentrerad vård. / Background: Chemotherapy has since the 1960’s been used to cure various forms of cancer. Chemotherapy damages tumors but also effects healthy cells which often result in a variety of side effects. Cancer patients often find themselves in a vulnerable situation which requires careful nursing. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore patients experiences of commonly occuring adverse effects (nausea and vomiting, fatigue, alopecia, smell- and tastealterations) and their management strategies. Method: This literature study is based on nine qualitative articles. The searching of articles was performed in the data bases PubMed and CINAHL. The articles has been analysed with content analysis. Results: The side effects could be perceived as awful, uncomfortable, unpleasant and exhausting. These effected the daily life including factors like relationships and independence. Management strategies included for example rest, physical activities and special diets. Conclusion: Many patients experience adverse effects from chemotherapy as distressing and that they effects their daily life in a negative way, but occasional patients experience the contrary that they don’t effect their daily lives significantly. The experiences and their consequenses can be affected by patients ability to find useful management strategies. The result shows the difference between different cancer patients’ expericences and management strategies, wich may require person-centred care.

Cancer represents a major cause of human morbidity and mortality. There is no scientific consensus regarding cancer causality or prevention. Occupational exposure potentially remains a major contributor to the incidence of this group of diseases, but the data to assess its impact continues to elude researchers and public health advocates. Among women in industrialised countries, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer. The known or suspected risk factors, including family history and lifetime oestrogen load, can account for less than 50 percent of the cases. New hypotheses about the role of xenoestrogens and endocrine disrupting compounds are challenging the previous scientific precepts regarding cancer causality. Within this context, the extent to which a community-based occupational history data collection initiative can contribute to advancing our scientific understanding of associations between cancer and work is explored. The possibility that occupational histories data can find associations missed in conventional breast cancer research that ignore occupation is also explored. More specifically, the extent to which data derived from an occupational history questionnaire can provide insight into the potential association between breast cancer risk and farming is examined. Occupational histories of cancer patients contain data that could help to elucidate and inform our understanding of cancer aetiology and prevention. In the community of Windsor, Ontario, Canada a local cancer treatment centre responded to community concerns by cooperating in a collaborative research project to collect the occupational histories of cancer patients. 'Computerised Record of Occupation Made Easy' (CROME) was an innovative method that allowed individual patients to document their lifetime work histories. This data collection process represented the first time a local Canadian cancer treatment center had undertaken such an initiative. Based on the hypothesis generated by CROME, a new research study was launched - Lifetime Occupational History Record (LOHR). Over a two-and-a-half year period, all female patients at the Windsor Regional Cancer Centre with new incident breast cancer were invited to participate in a population-based case-control study along with an equivalent number of randomly selected community controls. A comprehensive lifetime history questionnaire was administered to subjects by interview. Data gathered included known or suspected risk factors along with a complete occupational history of all jobs ever worked. An occupational history of farming alone produced an Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.8 (Cl, 95%, 1.6-4.8). These findings are important for our understanding of cancer causality with implications for resolving the current scientific conflict regarding the role of occupationally caused carcinogenesis. Such collaborative, community-based studies also demonstrate the importance of community participation in the scientific research process.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 7 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 7 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph.D. )--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2007. / Title from title page screen (viewed on June 20, 2008 ). Research advisor: Clinton Stewart, Pharm.D. Document formatted into pages (xvi, 129 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-129).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:43:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cornacini_mcm_dr_botfm.pdf: 480494 bytes, checksum: b0bc2df21341fdbd2b117efc1905a4b8 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Diversos estudos, indicam que o cogumelo Agaricus brasiliensis é benéfico em várias condições clínicas, como na hepatite C. Várias espécies de cogumelos comestíveis têm sido exploradas quanto ao seu potencial medicinal e muitos pacientes passam a buscar a solução para suas patologias nas terapias complementares. Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação do Agaricus brasiliensis sobre o estado nutricional, a frequência e a intensidade dos efeitos adversos da terapia antiviral e a resposta bioquímica hepática em indivíduos com hepatite C em tratamento com Interferon peguilado e Ribavirina. Foi realizado um ensaio clínico prospectivo controlado casualizado duplo cego no Serviço de Hepatites Virais do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu-UNESP. Os indivíduos do estudo foram submetidos a um protocolo de suplementação com cogumelo ou placebo por 24 semanas, e foram distribuídos aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos: Grupo tratado com placebo (5g/dia n=14) e Grupo tratado com cogumelo (5g/dian= 9).Todas as análises foram obtidas antes e após os tratamentos (placebo ou cogumelo). O estado nutricional (dados antropométricos, de composição corporal, da bioquímica nutricional e do consumo alimentar), foi semelhante entre os grupos. Houve melhora da lesão hepática em ambos os grupos, com redução de transaminases (TGO/AST e TGP/ALT, p<0,05), mostrando a eficácia do tratamento antiviral.O uso do cogumelo mostrou-se benéfico na redução da frequência e intensidade dos efeitos adversos da terapia medicamentosa (mialgia, disgeusia, cefaléia, redução do desejo sexual, queda de cabelo, hipoanorexia, indisposição, boca seca e irritabilidade, p<0,05). Em pacientes com hepatite C, a suplementação de cogumelo Agaricus brasiliensis (5g) por 24 semanas mostrou-se eficiente em reduzir a frequência... / Several studies indicate that the Agaricus brasiliensis is beneficial in various clinical conditions, such as hepatitis C. Several species of edible fungi have been explored as to its potential medical and many patients now have to seek a solution to their condition in complementary therapies. Objective: To evaluate the effects of supplementation of Agaricus brasiliensis on the nutritional status, the frequency of adverse effects of antiviral therapy and liver damage in patients with hepatitis C treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. We performed a prospective trial randomized controlled double-blind in the service of Viral Hepatitis Hospital of the Medical School of Botucatu, UNESP. Those in the study were subjected to a memorandum of supplementation with mushroom or placebo for 24 weeks, and were randomly distributed in the following groups: placebo-treated group (5g/dia n = 14) and mushroom-treated group (n 5g/dia- = 9). All tests were obtained before and after the treatments (placebo or mushroom). The nutritional status (anthropometric data, body composition, nutrition and biochemistry of food intake), was similar between the groups. There was improvement of liver damage in both groups, reducing transaminase (AST / ALT and AST / ALT, p <0.05), demonstrating the effectiveness of treatment antiviral use of the mushroom was shown to be beneficial in reducing the frequency and intensity of the adverse effects of drug therapy (myalgia, dysgeusia, headache, reduction in sexual desire, hair loss, hipoanorexia, malaise, dry mouth and irritability, p <0.05). In patients with hepatitis C, the supplementation of Agaricus brasiliensis (5) for 24 weeks proved to be effective in reducing the frequency and intensity of the adverse effects of drug therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, and on the other hand, was inefficient for nutritional status and liver damage.

Orientador: Maria Regina Sposto / Banca: Cláudia Maria Navarro / Banca: Enilson Antônio Sallum / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência e severidade do crescimento gengival em pacientes brasileiros sob terapia com nifedipina, por meio do uso do "Novo Índice Clínico para Crescimento Gengival Induzido por Drogas(Índice DIGO)". O estudo foi realizado em 35 pacientes sob terapia com nifedipina (grupo teste ) e em um grupo controle de 35 pacientes. Foram feitos os registros das variáveis demográficas (idade e sexo do paciente), farmacológicas (dose e tempo de uso da nifedipina) e das variáveis periodontais (índice de placa, índice gengival, profundidade de sondagem, nível de inserção clínico, sangramento à sondagem) e do crescimento gengival. O teste Z (nível de significância a 5% e p<0.05) e a correlação de Spearman foram usados para a comparação dos resultados entre os grupos teste e controle. Os resultados mostraram que o crescimento gengival foi observado em 68% dos pacientes e que não houve associação entre o crescimento gengival e as variáveis demográficas e as variáveis farmacológicas. No entanto, houve associação entre o crescimento gengival e as variáveis periodontais, exceto para o índice de placa. Podemos concluir que a inflamação gengival apresentou influência no crescimento gengival associado à nifedipina. / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of nifedipine induced GO in patients and the risk factors associated using a New Clinical Index for Drug Induced Gingival Overgrowth (DIGO) and the relation between The study was carried out with 35 patients under treatment with nifedipine (test group) and 35 patients without treatment (control group). There was assessed the characteristics of demographic (age, gender), pharmacological (dose, time of use), periodontal variables (plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, attachment level, bleeding on probing) and gingival overgrowth of the sample. The test Z (significance level at 5% - p< 0.05) and the Spearman correlation were used to compare data in test and control groups. Gingival overgrowth was noticed in 68% of patients. The statistical analyses showed no association between the gingival overgrowth and demographic and pharmacological variables, except for the plaque index. However, there was an association between the gingival overgrowth and periodontal variables. Further, it is possible to conclude that the presence of gingival inflammation was the main factor of risk to promote nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth. / Mestre