The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on October 20, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Esther Thorson. Includes bibliographical references.

Bibliography: p. 124. / Also issued as a B.S. thesis in the M.I.T. Dept. of Electrical Engineering, 1974. / MIT OSP Project 70149. ANPA Grant.

Thesis (MEcon)--Stellenbosch University, 1990. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie ondersoek is om 'n psigometriese toets= battery te ontwikkel wat gebruik kan word in die keuringsproses van advertensieverteenwoordigers. Uit literatuur het geblyk dat daar 'n teoretiese raamwerk bestaan naamlik 'n samevallende geldigheidsmodel waarvolgens die navorsings= projek uitgevoer kan word. Eienskappe word ook geldentifiseer wat kerunerkend van suksesvolle verteenwoordigers is. Genoegsame bewyse is gevind dat persoonlikheid, belangstelling en aanleg belangrike eienskappe van suksesvolle verteenwoordigers is. Die navorsings= probleem wat ontstaan is "of die sukses van advertensie= verteenwoordigers in die koerantsektor voorspel word deur middel van 'n keuringsbattery bestaande uit psigometriese toetse?\I Psigometriese toetse wat psigometriese eienskappe meet gebaseer op belangstelling, aanleg en persoonlikheidsmetings wat Nasionale Pers se suksesvolle en onsuksesvolle advertensieverteenwoordigers van mekaar onderskei, wat sodoende in die toekoms tydens die keuringsproses gebruik kan word om beter advertensieverteenwoordigers te keur. Om'n antwoord op die navorsingsprobleem te kry was dit nodig om die advertensieverteen= woordigers by die verskillende dagblaaie wat onderskeidelik as die suksesvolle en onsuksesvolle presteerders bestempel kan word aan die hand van die volgende kriteria te identifiseer: kornrnissieverdien, prestasiebeoordeling en 'n kornbinasie van die kriteria. Dit was ook nodig om die nie-kognitiewe eienskappe naamlik: persoonlikheid, belangstelling en aanleg te identifiseer wat die suksesvolle presteerders beskryf. Hierdie eienskappe word gemeet deur die volgende toetse: Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za die Sest.ienpersoonlikheids~faktorvraelys, Gestruktureerde Objektiewe Rorschachtoets, 19-Veld-Belangstellingsvraelys en die Senior Aanlegtoets. Hierdie meetinstrumente is geselekteer op grond van die waarskynlikheid dat hulle die eienskappe meet wat kenmerkend van suksesvolle presteerders is gebaseer op grond van inligting voortspruitend uit 'n posontleding en literatuurstudie. Die respondente was 77 advertensieverteenwoordigers wat binne die koerante-sektor van Nasionale Pers werksaarn is. Vervolgens is van kontrasgroepe gebruik gemaak om die eienskappe wat kenmerkend van die suksesvolle advertensieverteenwoordigers is mee te bepaal asook 'n sarnevallende geldigheidsmodel waardeur die korrelasies tussen advertensieverteenwoordigers se metings op die psigometriese toetse en aanslae op die prestasiebeoordelingsinstrument bereken is. Op grond van die kontrasgroepe se resultate is daar nie genoegsarne be\vyse gevind dat daar 'n beduidende onderskeid tussen suksesvolle en onsuksesvolle advertensieverteenwoordigers op grond van hul persoonlikheid-, belangstelling- en aanlegtellings gemaak kan word nie. Dit was egter moontlik om op grond van die resultate van 'n meervoudige regressie-ontleding 'n psigometriese toetsbattery saarn te stel vir die keuring van advertensieverteenwoordigers. Deur stapsgewyse regressie is 'n regressie-vergelyking wat 6 veranderlikes insluit verkry met 'n meervoudige korrelasie van 0,62 tussen die betrokke voorspellers en die prestasiebeoordelingmetings. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Deur die samestelling van 'n voorspellingsmodel is gevind dat die huidige keuringsmetode wat gebruik word met 19,34% verbeter kan word indien 'n psigometriese toetsbattery as een van die fases in die keuringsbattery ingesluit word. Sodoende slaag hierdie ondersoek in sy doel om 'n psigometriese toetsbattery daar te stel wat in die / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The pu.t"poseof .this investigation is to develop a pscyhometric test battery which can be used in the selection process of advertising representatives. Literature showed that a theoretical framework exist namely a concurrent validation model upon which such a research project can be based. Typical characteristics of the successful representatives are also identified. Sufficient proof was found that personality, interest and ability are important characteristics of successful representatives. The research problem which excist is whether "the success of advertising representatives in the newspaper industry can be predicted by means of a test battery consisting of psychometric tests?" Psychometric tests which measures characteristics that differentiate between the successful and unsuccessful advertising representatives of Nasionale Pers based on their personality, interest and ability measures which in future can be used in the selection process to select successful advertising representatives. To answer the research problem it was necessary to identify the successful and unsuccessful achievers at the various newspapers based on the following criteria: commission earned, preformance evaluation and a combination of the named criteria. It was also necessary to identify the non-cognitive characteristics of the good achievers namely: personality, interest and ability. Four psychometric tests were used in the research project namely: the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, Structured Objective Rorschachtest, 19-Field Interest Questionnaire and the Senior Aptitude Test. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za The measuring instruments were selected on the basis that they sufficiently measure the characteristics which are typical of successful representatives based on the job analysis and a study of the relevant literature. The respondents were 77 newspaper advertising representatives employed at Nasionale Pers. Contrast groups were used to determine the typical characteristics of a successful advertisement representative and a congruent validity model where by the correlations between the pscychometric tests and the scores of advertising representatives on the preformance appraisal instrument are determined. Based on the findings of the contrast groups no sufficient evidence could be found that a distinction can be drawn between the successful and unsuccessful advertising representatives based on their personality, interest and ability scores. By using a multiple regression analysis it was possible to construct a psychometric test battery that can be used in the selection of advertising representatives. By means of stepwise regression, a multipile equation including six variables were determined. A multipile correlation of 0,62 were found between the relevant predictors and the preformance appraisal scores. By making use of a prediction model it was found that the current selection procedure could be improved by 19,34% if the psychometric test battery is included as one of the phases in the selection battery. This study therefor succeeds in its purpose to develop a psychometric test battery which can be included in the selection process of advertising representatives.

The focus of this investigation is on the effects that content and layout forms of newspaper advertising have on consumer attitudes toward the legal profession. A second major purpose of the study was to determine the differences which exist between certain socio-demographic categories with respect to attitude towards the advertised lawyer and the legal advertisements. Thirteen variations of a legal advertisement for the newspaper medium were developed and shown to consumers and then tested by measuring consumers' attitudes toward twelve lawyer-related attributes and ten advertisement-related attributes.

J. Francis Reintjes, Donald R. Knudson, Hsin-Kuo Kan. / Prepared under a ANPA grant.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The economic viability and continuity of any publication is determined by two critical factors, being: • The circulation of the publication, thus the readership, as well as • the advertising volumes of the publication. This particular study started by the realisation by management of the publication, Paarl Post, that these two critical factors had in real terms actually been declining since 1996, albeit marginally. The theme of continuous improvement was identified as critical in the process of eliminating "highs and lows", thus certain key areas had to be addressed. Furthermore these areas had to be continously evaluated and monitored. The process of change started with a process of gathering of information by means of questionnaires and personal interviews with certain key personnel by external consultants. A two-day session was scheduled where this information was processed with the help of the consultants and key personnel and the conclusion was made that the growth in circulation and advertising volumes and ultimately the growth in the publication was a function of certain key areas to be managed in the following way: • Cost efficient • Initiatives that lead to product growth • Optimizing of service • Continuous improvement of processes • Optimal use of manpower. The key areas of Marketing, Product, Communication, Processes and Information Technology were identified as key projects, which led to certain recommendations by these project teams based on abovementioned criteria. The "final" phase in the formal process, essentially a phase which never ends, is the implementation of the recommendations, and the continuous monitoring and following-up of the initiatives which ultimately develop to a continuous process of improvement, with the result: • Continuous circulation growth and • continous growth in advertising volumes, and ultimately continuous real growth in the community publication, Paarl Post. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Enige publikasie se ekonomiese lewensvatbaarheid en kontinuïteit word deur twee kritieke faktore bepaal, naamlik: • Sirkulasie, m.a.w. die lesergetalle van die publikasie en • advertensievolumes Hierdie studie is gebore in die bestuur van die publikasie se waarneming dat hierdie twee aspekte van die gemeenskapskoerant, Paarl Post, sedert 1996 afneem in reële terme en dus die ekonomiese kontinuïteit van die publikasie bedreig. Die tema van voordurende verbetering is geïdentifiseer as krities in die totale proses ten einde "highs and lows" uit te skakel. Dus moes sekere sleutel-areas aangespreek word, maar hierdie areas moes verder ook deurlopend geëvalueer en gemonitor word. Die proses van verandering is begin deur 'n proses waarby eksterne konsultante betrek is om die eerste fase van die proses te fasiliteer in terme van die inwin van inligting deur middel van vraelyste en persoonlike onderhoude met sleutelpersoneel soos deur bestuur geïdentifiseer. 'n Tweedag sessie is geskeduleer waarby hierdie inligting met die hulp van die konsultante en die sleutelpersoneel deurgewerk is en die slotsom bereik is, dat groei in sirkulasie en advertensievolumes en dus uiteindelik die groei van die publikasie 'n funksie is van die mate waartoe sleutelareas van die Paarl Post as volg bestuur word: • Koste--effektief • Inisiatiewe wat tot produk-groei lei • Dienslewering optimaliseer • Voortdurende verbetering van prosesse • Optimale benutting van mannekrag. Die sleutelareas van Bemarking, Produk, Kommunikasie, Prosesse en Inligtingstegnologie is as projekte geïdentifiseer, waarvan die uiteinde is dat elke projekspan sekere aanbevelings moes doen aan die hand van bogenoemde kriteria. Die "laaste" stap in die formele proses, wat uiteindelik 'n stap is wat nooit eindig nie, is die implementering van die aanbevelings, asook die voordurende monitering en opvolging van die inisiatiewe wat uiteindelik ontwikkel in 'n deurlopende proses van verbetering, met die resultaat: • Volgehoue sirkulasiegroei, asook • volgehoue groei in advertensievolumes en uiteindelik voordurende reële groei van die gemeenskapspublikasie, Paarl Post.

The problem with which this study is concerned is that of determining what differences, if any, existed between two newspapers with different circulation characteristics and whether the two papers were in competition. The thrice-weekly News-Advertiser and the five-day daily Leader were measured by a content analysis over eight weeks and by a readership and advertiser survey. This study concludes that the two newspapers are in competition in six of eleven designated categories of the content analysis, using Spearman rho and t-tests. However, the two newspapers seemed to be aiming at different markets in Lewisville, because one paper subscribes to a news service and prints thousands of inches of wire news and the other paper is all local news.

The purpose of this thesis is to provide a close textual reading of representations of slavery in The Montreal Gazette, primarily within the period of 1785-1805, the first twenty years after the newspaper became bilingual. This project has three main outcomes. Firstly, it provides a history of black slavery in Montreal details the founding of The Gazette and evaluates its spatial layout, particularly the classified section where slave ads appear. Secondly, it analyzes the representation of black slaves in two distinct news forms: (1) ads of sale and (2) notices of escaped slaves, with particular focus on representations of race, gender, class, and criminality. Thirdly, it addresses the presentation of race and national identity in The Gazette, through both textual analysis and comparative analysis with the United States and Haiti. The project engages with conceptions of Canadian national identity throughout, particularly with respect to issues of tolerance and selective memory.

Text in English / Advertising is a genre of mass media communication which unearths the exceptional qualities of products and services in a persuasive fashion. It is also a form of marketing communication through which business organizations inform the general public about new or improved commercial endeavors. Advertising in modern time comprises varied component parts (visual imagery, graphic and color designs, print and auditory techniques.); however, language plays an indispensable role in the transmission of the message. Language has an immense influence on human beings and the way they behave. The language of advertising influences the reasoning, thinking, feeling and the general attitude of the audience. Copywriters, like poets, choose their words carefully in order to achieve a particular rhetorical effect. They use language in such a way that they attract attention, arouse interest or desire and create need. Language forms an integral part of advertisements. The current study focused on persuasive elements in the English employed in advertisements in newspapers in Ghana. The study investigated the extent to which Aristotle’s three artistic proofs (logos, pathos and ethos), figures of speech and grammatical elements in the English of advertisements in the Ghanaian newspapers were employed by copywriters for persuasive effect. The current study was underpinned by three theories, namely, Aristotle’s Rhetorical Theory, Conventional Figurative Language Theory and the Standard Theory of Generative Grammar. These theories lent support to the three thematic trends of the study. The qualitative research design was employed given the interpretive nature of the analysis of the corpus. The current study did not involve human subjects as data sources because the corpus was from written documents. The purposive sampling method was employed owing to the subjective nature of the process of data collection. The qualitative content analysis approach was adopted as the analytical framework for the study. This made it possible for the coding of categories of the textual data based on the themes, patterns and trends that emerged. The findings of the research revealed that copywriters in the Ghanaian newspapers employed Aristotle’s three artistic proofs, figures of speech and grammatical elements in the English of advertisements for persuasive effect. / Linguistics and Modern Languages

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