Thèse (M.Sc.)--Université Laval, 2004. / Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures de l'Université Laval comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en médecine expérimentale offert à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université Laval: Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec et Département des sciences humaines, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay. Bibliogr.: f. [99]-108. Publié aussi en version électronique.

The performance of opera arias composed by George Frideric Handel in our modern day is complicated by the necessity of including improvised embellishments, which were a standard component of the eighteenth-century genre of opera seria. Furthermore, discussions concerning the concepts of historical authenticity and performance practice muddle the issue of preparing Handel's music for presentation. In recent years scholars have prepared ornamented versions of select Handel arias in consultation with eighteenth-century performance practice treatises and other contemporary materials that provide considerable insight into the purpose and execution of ornamentation in performances Handel himself oversaw. What remains relatively unexplored, however, is the relationship between eighteenth-century embellishments and the Baroque affections, or passions. The affections, or passions, were rationalized emotional states derived from the Greek and Latin doctrines of rhetoric and oratory which Baroque composers sought to evoke and express in their music. This study explores the correlation of Baroque affections with ornaments as a legitimate approach to the composition of embellishments for Handel's opera arias. The tradition of rhetoric, the conventions of late Baroque Italian opera seria as a form, and the practice of ornamentation as an integral part of these conventions are examined. The study also provides a survey of eighteenth-century literature concerning the relationship of the musical representation of affects and ornamentation. Lastly, a review of Handel's operatic career and of the plots of the Agrippina, Rinaldo and Rodelinda will provide a context for the preparation of "affective" ornamented versions of six arias from these operas. In closing, a brief discussion of the early music movement and of the debates surrounding the use of the term "authentic" in relation to historic performance practices will illuminate the relevance of the relationship between affect and ornament to twenty-first century performances.

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The performance of opera arias composed by George Frideric Handel in our modern day is complicated by the necessity of including improvised embellishments, which were a standard component of the eighteenth-century genre of opera seria. Furthermore, discussions concerning the concepts of historical authenticity and performance practice muddle the issue of preparing Handel's music for presentation. In recent years scholars have prepared ornamented versions of select Handel arias in consultation with eighteenth-century performance practice treatises and other contemporary materials that provide considerable insight into the purpose and execution of ornamentation in performances Handel himself oversaw. What remains relatively unexplored, however, is the relationship between eighteenth-century embellishments and the Baroque affections, or passions. The affections, or passions, were rationalized emotional states derived from the Greek and Latin doctrines of rhetoric and oratory which Baroque composers sought to evoke and express in their music. This study explores the correlation of Baroque affections with ornaments as a legitimate approach to the composition of embellishments for Handel's opera arias. The tradition of rhetoric, the conventions of late Baroque Italian opera seria as a form, and the practice of ornamentation as an integral part of these conventions are examined. The study also provides a survey of eighteenth-century literature concerning the relationship of the musical representation of affects and ornamentation. Lastly, a review of Handel's operatic career and of the plots of the Agrippina, Rinaldo and Rodelinda will provide a context for the preparation of "affective" ornamented versions of six arias from these operas. In closing, a brief discussion of the early music movement and of the debates surrounding the use of the term "authentic" in relation to historic performance practices will illuminate the relevance of the relationship between affect and ornament to twenty-first century performances.

The performance of opera arias composed by George Frideric Handel in our modern day is complicated by the necessity of including improvised embellishments, which were a standard component of the eighteenth-century genre of opera seria. Furthermore, discussions concerning the concepts of historical authenticity and performance practice muddle the issue of preparing Handel's music for presentation. In recent years scholars have prepared ornamented versions of select Handel arias in consultation with eighteenth-century performance practice treatises and other contemporary materials that provide considerable insight into the purpose and execution of ornamentation in performances Handel himself oversaw. What remains relatively unexplored, however, is the relationship between eighteenth-century embellishments and the Baroque affections, or passions. The affections, or passions, were rationalized emotional states derived from the Greek and Latin doctrines of rhetoric and oratory which Baroque composers sought to evoke and express in their music. This study explores the correlation of Baroque affections with ornaments as a legitimate approach to the composition of embellishments for Handel's opera arias. The tradition of rhetoric, the conventions of late Baroque Italian opera seria as a form, and the practice of ornamentation as an integral part of these conventions are examined. The study also provides a survey of eighteenth-century literature concerning the relationship of the musical representation of affects and ornamentation. Lastly, a review of Handel's operatic career and of the plots of the Agrippina, Rinaldo and Rodelinda will provide a context for the preparation of "affective" ornamented versions of six arias from these operas. In closing, a brief discussion of the early music movement and of the debates surrounding the use of the term "authentic" in relation to historic performance practices will illuminate the relevance of the relationship between affect and ornament to twenty-first century performances. / Arts, Faculty of / Music, School of / Graduate

Thèse (M.Med.Exp.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, extensionné de l'Université Laval, 2004. / Bibliogr.: f. [99]-108. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-02-23T17:02:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GONÇALVES_Michele_2016.pdf: 70781950 bytes, checksum: c9744ca33e7066c7a993a9253752c2d2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-02-23T17:02:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GONÇALVES_Michele_2016.pdf: 70781950 bytes, checksum: c9744ca33e7066c7a993a9253752c2d2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-02-23T17:02:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GONÇALVES_Michele_2016.pdf: 70781950 bytes, checksum: c9744ca33e7066c7a993a9253752c2d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-23T17:02:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GONÇALVES_Michele_2016.pdf: 70781950 bytes, checksum: c9744ca33e7066c7a993a9253752c2d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-15 / Não recebi financiamento / This work attempts to the encounter between humans, dogs and streets. The focus is to explore the power of the relationships established among these entities, in the public space, when they meet each other and their homes through art. The goal is to affirm the existence and permanence of dogs on the streets and evoke the production of new feelings and sensitive connections between humans and them. The exhaustion of the thought about some prevailing notions on the distinctions among entities, and also the opening to the sensations and affections evoked when dogs and humans meet each other, on the streets, through art and words, serve to the questioning of the relationships between them and their homes, and also to a resizing effort on those relations, enabling the vision of the stray dogs status as beyond the categories of abandonment and suffering. The methodology is the cartography, as proposed by Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, which takes in the experimentation of the thinking, trying to realize the dynamics, fluxes and intensities of the objects and assuming that the thinking and the knowledge production starts always from multiple connections. In the field of the theory, we performed a bibliographic research on contemporary authors of anthropology, philosophy, psychoanalysis and the arts as a way to resume and shuffle some concepts and also make other means and viewpoints possible for the relationships among entities. In the field of the praxis, the fieldwork involved some walking with the stray dogs in the city of Sorocaba. We also produced some narratives taking the fieldwork as inspirations, and some wheat-paste urban interventions, both as a way to create powerful encounters between humans and dogs on the streets where they come across to each other. / Este trabalho aposta no encontro entre humanos, cães e ruas. O foco é explorar a potência das relações que se estabelecem entre estes entes, no espaço público urbano, quando eles se encontram entre si e com estas moradas, através da arte e da escrita. O objetivo é afirmar a existência e permanência dos cães nas ruas e possibilitar a produção de novos afetos e conexões sensíveis entre eles e humanos. A partir do esgotamento do pensamento sobre algumas noções dominantes a respeito das distinções entre os entes, e da abertura para as sensações e os afetos provocados quando cães e humanos se encontram, no território da rua, através da arte e das palavras, tenta-se problematizar e redimensionar as relações entre eles e suas moradas, possibilitando que os status dos cães “de rua” sejam identificados para além das categorias do abandono e do sofrimento. A metodologia utilizada é a cartografia, como proposta por Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, a qual aposta na experimentação do pensamento, buscando perceber as dinâmicas, os fluxos e as intensidades dos objetos e supondo que o pensamento e a produção do conhecimento dão-se a partir de múltiplas conexões. No campo da ação de teoria, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica abarcando autores contemporâneos da antropologia, da filosofia, da psicanálise e das artes, como forma de retomar e embaralhar alguns conceitos e também de possibilitar outros olhares e meios para as relações entre os entes. No campo da ação de prática, o trabalho de campo consistiu na caminhada com cães pelas ruas da cidade de Sorocaba. Foram produzidas narrativas a partir dos campos, e realizadas intervenções urbanas com lambe-lambes, ambas como forma de criar encontros potentes entre humanos e cães no espaço da rua onde eles se cruzam.

Les maladies inflammatoires de l'intestin (MII) sont caractérisées par le dysfonctionnement de l'épithélium intestinal et la dérégulation de l'équilibre du système immunitaire. L'inflammation liée aux MII pourrait être déclenchée et / ou exacerbée par des signaux de danger tels que les nucléotides. Les nucléotides activent les récepteurs P2 et leurs niveaux sont modulés par des ectonucléotidases dont la famille des ecto-nucléosides triphosphates diphosphohydrolases (ENTPDases). Nous avons identifié le dernier membre de cette famille d'enzymes que nous avons nommé NTPDase8. Nous avons observé que cette enzyme est exprimée par peu de tissus dont les intestins. Dans cette thèse, nous démontrons que la NTPDase8 est exprimée à la surface apicale des cellules épithéliales intestinales (CEI) au niveau du colon. Nos résultats indiquent que la NTPDase8 est un protecteur clé de l'inflammation intestinale. En effet, elle prévient l'activation du récepteur P2Y6. Nous résultats proposent aussi que l’injection intra-rectale de la NTPDase8 protège totalement les souris de la colite induite par un modèle chimique. Le deuxième aspect abordé dans ma thèse est le rôle régulateur du récepteur P2Y6 dans l'inflammation intestinale. Nos résultats in vivo montrent l'importance de bloquer ce récepteur pharmacologiquement afin d’éviter le développement de l'inflammation et ainsi éviter une boucle inflammatoire. Nous avons également démontré que le récepteur P2Y6 joue un rôle clé dans la régulation de l'activité d'autres récepteurs à nucléotides in vitro, ce qui influence l'homéostasie des cellules épithéliales intestinales. Notre travail décrypte l'importance de la signalisation associée aux nucléotides dans la pathogenèse de la colite expérimentale et met en évidence des propriétés qui pourraient être appliquées à d’autres troubles gastro-intestinaux outre la colite. En extension, ces données suggèrent que l'axe NTPDase8-P2Y6 pourrait être une cible thérapeutique dans le traitement des maladies inflammatoires de l’intestin. / Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by a dysfunction of the intestinal epithelium and a dysregulation of the immune system balance. The inflammation underlying IBD could be triggered and/or exacerbated by danger signals such as nucleotides. The nucleotides activate P2 receptors and their level is modulated by ectonucleotidases which include members of the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (E-NTPDases) family. We identified the last member of this family of enzymes, the NTPDase8. We originally found its expression in the intestine at the RNA level. In this work, we demonstrate that NTPDase8 is expressed at the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) in the colon. Our results indicate that NTPDase8 is a key protector of intestinal inflammation by regulating the activation of P2Y6 receptor as the administration of the enzyme protects totally from the intestinal inflammation. In agreement, the deletion of NTPDase8 gene leads to a dramatic increase of inflammation is a murine model of colitis. The second aspect addressed in my thesis is the regulatory role of the P2Y6 receptor in intestinal inflammation. We found that this receptor expressed on IEC is pro-inflammatory and that blocking it pharmacologically prevented the intestinal inflammation triggered in a colitis model. We have also demonstrated that the P2Y6 receptor plays a key role in regulating the activity of other nucleotide receptors in vitro, which influences the homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells. Our work deciphers the importance of nucleotide signaling in the pathogenesis of experimental colitis and highlights properties that could be applied to other gastrointestinal disorders. In extension, these data suggest that NTPDase8-P2Y6 axis could be a therapeutic target in the treatment of IBD.

Les vésicules extracellulaires (VE) sont des « fragments » de cellules activement libérés dans tous les fluides biologiques. Elles transitent dans la circulation corporelle et transmettent leur contenu bioactif à d’autres cellules. Le lait est le fluide qui contient le plus de VE et celles-ci encapsulent plusieurs éléments bioactifs qui ont des effets anticancéreux, anti-inflammatoire et diminuent notamment les symptômes de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde in vivo. Durant ma thèse j’ai exploré la diversité des VE présentes dans le lait bovin commercial et j’ai étudié leurs activités biologiques dans le cadre des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin (MICI). Les résultats que j’ai obtenus démontrent l’existence de plusieurs populations de VE dans le lait bovin commercial que j’ai pu discriminer grâce à l’utilisation du citrate de sodium pour leur isolation. J’ai découvert qu’elles étaient capables de survivre lors de la digestion in vitro durant laquelle elles protègent leur contenu bioactif, notamment des microARN. Après avoir décrit en détail les différents microARN et protéines encapsulées dans ces VE, j’ai pu trouver des marqueurs spécifiques pour certains sous-ensembles de VE du lait. J’ai aussi montré le transfert de miR-223 bovin à des cellules humaines in vitro et son activité biologique sur l’expression d’un gène rapporteur. J’ai alors exploré l’activité biologique des VE du lait dans un modèle murin de colite induite par le Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). La prise orale de VE du lait a diminué les symptômes de la maladie, restauré en partie le microbiote intestinal et rétabli la barrière digestive et les niveaux de mucines. J’ai aussi découvert que différentes populations de VE du lait ont différents effets sur l’inflammation du côlon, notamment en modulant le niveau de certains microARN impliqués dans le développement des MICI. Le lait contient donc différentes VE avec des activités biologiques différentes capables de moduler l’inflammation et le développement de pathologies digestives. L’étude des mécanismes qui sous-tendent leur bioactivité pourrait impacter la prise en charge des maladies inflammatoires, permettrait une amélioration des formulations de lait pour les nouveau-nés et serait d’importance pour la santé publique et le traitement industriel du lait commercial. / Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cellular “fragments” actively released in all biological fluids. They are transported through body circulation and transmit their bioactive content to remote recipient cells. Milk is the biological fluid most enriched in EVs and these encapsulate several bioactive elements with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects and reduce the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in vivo. During my thesis, I explored the diversity of EVs present in commercial bovine milk and studied their biological activities in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The results I obtained demonstrate the existence of several EV subsets in commercial bovine milk that I could discriminate using sodium citrate for their isolation. I found these EVs can survive during in-vitro digestion and protect their bioactive content, including microRNAs. After detailing the different microRNAs and proteins encapsulated in these EVs, I found specific markers for certain populations of milk EVs. I also reported the transfer of vesicular bovine miR-223 to human cells in vitro and its biological activity on the expression of a reporter gene. I then explored the biological activities of milk EVs in a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis. The oral intake of milk EVs decreased the symptoms of the disease, restored part of the intestinal microbiota, restored the intestinal barrier and replenished mucin levels. Also, different populations of milk EVs differentially modulated inflammation in the colon, notably by regulating the level of certain IBD-associated microRNAs. Milk therefore contains different EV subsets with different biological activities capable of modulating inflammation and the development of digestive pathologies. Studying the mechanisms underlying their bioactivity could impact the management of inflammatory diseases, improve milk formulations for newborns, and be of importance to public health and industrial milk processing.

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy The analysis of pharmacotherapy in patients suffering from hyperlipidemia (Diploma Thesis) Mentor of Diploma Thesis Prof. PharmDr. Jiří Vlček, Ph.D. Mavrovouniotis Konstantinos- Parmenion Hradec Králové 2015 ABSTRACT ENGLISH The analysis of pharmacotherapy in patients suffering from hyperlipidemia Mavrovouniotis Konstantinos Mentor: Prof. Dr. Jiří Vlček, CSc. Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is a serious condition whereby the blood levels of lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides are abnormally elevated. This condition is generally asymptomatic but may lead to atherosclerotic heart disease and other types of cardiovascular pathology if not treated effectively. Various risk factors can affect the onset and severity of hyperlipidemia and those include genetic predisposition, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, poor diet, lack of regular exercise, smoking etc. Measurement and monitoring of blood levels of triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoproteins can be used as prevention method for assessing the risk for an individual to develop hyperlipidemia. Once a patient is diagnosed with the condition several approaches exist for the treatment. The main goal of the treatment is to reduce the risk of...