La dépression majeure est devenue la cause principale d'incapacité dans le monde. Pourtant, les antidépresseurs les plus courants sont inefficaces chez 30-50% des patients traités. La dépression présente une comorbidité élevée avec les troubles gastro-intestinaux, avec une pathologie commune comprenant le dysbiose du microbiote un profil périphérique hautement inflammatoire, ce qui suggère une perméabilité intestinale accrue chez ces patients. Il est proposé que le stress chronique soit lié à la détérioration de la barrière intestinale et à la dérégulation de la signalisation intestin-cerveau, cependant, les mécanismes biologiques restent à identifier. Nous avons utilisé les modèles de la dépression pour étudier les effets du stress chronique sur la perméabilité intestinale chez les souris mâles et femelles. Le séquençage du microbiote a montré une modification des populations microbiennes après le stress. De plus, l'expression génétique des jonctions serrées intestinales a été altérée avec des effets spécifiques au sexe, en fonction du type et de la durée du stress. Certaines modifications des jonctions serrées sont associées à la résilience ou à la susceptibilité à l'exposition au stress, déterminée par des tests comportementaux. Nous avons également identifié la protéine de liaison au lipopolysaccharide (LBP) comme un biomarqueur potentiel lié à la susceptibilité au stress chronique. En étudiant les différences entre individus et selon les sexes, nos résultats contribueront à la connaissance des mécanismes moléculaires qui déterminent la vulnérabilité ou la résilience au stress chronique. Les femmes ayant un risque environ deux fois plus élevé de développer une dépression, l'identification des différences entre les sexes est particulièrement pertinente. Ces études contribueront à l'élaboration de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques et diagnostiques pour le traitement de la dépression. Des traitements ciblant l'intégrité de la barrière intestinale pourraient avoir des effets positifs sur les voies inflammatoires périphériques et centrales impliquées dans la dépression. / Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Still, common antidepressants are ineffective in 30-50% of treated patients, highlighting that biological mechanisms remain to be elucidated. MDD has high comorbidity with gastrointestinal disorders including patterns of microbiota dysbiosis and inflammatory peripheral markers, suggesting enhanced intestinal permeability in these patients. Chronic stress, the main environmental risk factor for MDD is linked to intestinal barrier deterioration and dysregulated gut-brain signalling. Therefore, we investigate effects of chronic stress on manifestations of intestinal permeability in both male and female mouse models of depression. Sequencing showed altered microbial populations post-stress. Furthermore, gene expression of intestinal tight junctions was altered with sex-specific effects, dependent on stress type and duration. Certain tight junction changes associated with resilience or susceptibility to the stress exposure, as determined by behavioural tests. We also identified Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) as a potential biomarker related to susceptibility to chronic stress. By investigating individual and sex differences, our results will be contributing to the knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying vulnerability or resilience to chronic stress. As women have roughly a twofold higher risk of developing depression, identifying sex differences is particularly relevant. These studies will help to develop more effective and appropriate therapeutic strategies for the treatment of depression and possibly identify biomarkers which are greatly needed in the field. Targeting the intestinal barrier and potentially promoting barrier integrity, future treatments could have positive downstream effects on peripheral and central inflammatory pathways implicated in depression.

[pt] Esta dissertação tem como tema um estudo da natureza humana, da vida cognitiva e da vida afetiva tais como são demonstradas por Spinoza, na segunda e terceira partes de sua obra magna, a Ética. Para alcançar tal objetivo, optamos por fazer uma leitura minuciosa da obra, seguindo sua investigação a partir das ideias tais como são demonstradas pelo próprio Spinoza, assim como na ordem em que são apresentadas. Uma das grandes inovações da Ética é o seu modelo de natureza humana que não se separa da natureza divina e o impacto que isso representa para o processo de formação das coisas singulares em sua filosofia. Na primeira parte da dissertação, apresentamos a dedução pela qual Spinoza estabelece a mente humana como aquilo que deve se seguir dos atributos pensamento e extensão, cuja natureza é responsável pela origem dos modos singulares, entre os quais o modo humano de existência. Na segunda parte, demonstramos como a doutrina da substância única é determinante para a inovadora concepção de corpo unido à mente, que produz efeitos imediatos nos gêneros de conhecimento do método spinozista. Na terceira e última parte, apresentamos uma investigação sobre a ciência spinozista dos afetos, examinando cada etapa de sua demonstração, na Parte III da Ética. Ao fim da dissertação, indicamos que a demonstração spinozista evidencia que a natureza humana é resultado de uma realidade que une vida cognitiva e vida afetiva. / [en] The present dissertation has as its theme a study of human nature, cognitive life and affective life in the way they were demonstrated by Spinoza in the second and third parts of his masterpiece, the Ethics. In order to achieve this goal we chose to carry out a thorough reading of this work, following his investigation of ideas as demonstrated by Spinoza himself and in the order they were presented by him. One of the great innovations of Ethics is its model of human nature that can not be separated from the divine nature as well as the impact that it represents for the process of formation of the singular modes in his philosophy. In the first part of this dissertation, we present the deductive process through which Spinoza establishes the human mind as something that must follow from thought and extension attributes, whose nature is responsible for the origin of singular modes, among them the human mode of existence. In the second part, we demonstrate how the doctrine of the unique substance is decisive for Spinoza s innovative conception of the mind-body union as well as the immediate effects it produces at the spinozist method s genders of knowledge. In the third and last part, we present an investigation on Spinoza s science of affects, closely examining each step of its demonstration within the Part III of the Ethics. After the presentation of these three stages of development of Spinoza s philosophy we intend to show that the author s demonstrations points that human nature is the result of a reality that unites cognitive life and affective life.

Les archées sont depuis peu reconnues comme étant des microorganismes ubiquitaires retrouvées dans le système digestif de l’humain et de plusieurs animaux. Les humains peuvent donc être exposés aux archées par leur propre microflore intestinale, mais aussi par le contact avec des fèces animales, dont les composantes peuvent être aérosolisées et inhalées. L’impact de ces archées sur la santé respiratoire et intestinale des humains n’est pas clairement établi. La composition exacte des bioaérosols doit être définie afin de bien comprendre ce à quoi sont exposés les humains. Par ailleurs, l’impact de Methanosphaera stadtmanae (MSS) et Methanobrevibacter smithii (MBS), deux espèces d’archées retrouvées dans le tractus intestinal, est inconnu dans un contexte de maladies inflammatoires de l’intestin. L’étude de la biodiversité des bioaérosols des fermes laitières a démontré la présence de grandes concentrations et de plusieurs espèces de bactéries et d’archées dans l’air de ces environnements. Les mécanismes inflammatoires pulmonaires à la base de la réponse immune causée par les archaea ont été étudiés grâce à un modèle murin d’exposition chronique des voies respiratoires. MSS a démontré un potentiel immunogénique plus fort que MBS, en induisant davantage d’altérations histopathologiques, de cellules inflammatoires et de cellules dendritiques myéloïdes activées que MBS dans les poumons de souris. Le potentiel inflammatoire de MSS et MBS a aussi été confirmé avec un modèle de cellules humaines. Finalement, afin d’étudier le rôle des archées dans l’inflammation intestinale, la présence de MBS et de MSS a été évaluée dans les selles de patients atteints de maladies inflammatoires de l’intestin et de sujets sains. Une prévalence accrue de l’archée inflammatoire MSS a été retrouvée dans les selles des patients. Des anticorps spécifiques à MSS ont aussi été retrouvés en plus grande concentration chez ce groupe de sujets. Ces résultats démontrent que les archées sont présentes à la fois dans les bioaérosols et dans les intestins humains et qu’elles peuvent avoir des impacts sur l’inflammation respiratoire et intestinale. Nous ne commençons qu'à explorer la présence des archées dans l’environnement humain et la réponse à ces agents méconnus. Leur rôle en tant qu'agents protecteurs, pro-inflammatoires ou tolérés mérite d'être approfondi. / Archaea have recently been recognized as ubiquitous microorganisms found in the digestive tract of human and several animal species. Humans can thus be exposed to archaea through several routes such as their own intestinal microflora, but also via exposure to animal manure which components can be aerosolized and inhaled. Archaeal impact on respiratory and intestinal human health is not known. Bioaerosol’s exact composition must be defined in order to better understand what humans are exposed to. Moreover, the role of Methanosphaera stadtmanae (MSS) and Methanobrevibacter smithii (MBS), two archaeal species found in human gut, on the health of the intestinal tract and potentially in inflammatory bowel diseases is unknown. Studies on dairy barns’ bioaerosol’s biodiversity revealed the presence of high airborne concentrations and various species of bacteria and archaea. Pulmonary inflammatory mechanisms of immune response to archaea were studied using a chronic airway exposure mouse model. MSS showed a higher immunogenic potential than MBS, with more severe hitopathological alterations and higher numbers of inflammatory cells and activated myeloid dendritic cells in exposed mice lungs than MBS. The inflammatory potential of MSS and MBS was also confirmed with a human cell model. Finally, to study the role of archaea in bowel inflammation, the presence of MBS and MSS was evaluated in stool samples from inflammatory bowel diseases’ patients and control subjects. A higher prevalence of the inflammatory archaea MSS was detected in stool samples from patients. MSS-specific antibodies were also found in higher concentration in this group. These results show that archaea are present in bioaerosols and human gut and that they can have an impact on respiratory and intestinal inflammation. We are just beginning to explore the presence of archaea in human environment and our response to these unheralded agents. Their role as protective, proinflammatory or tolerated agents awaits further studied.

Dans la péninsule d'Oman, le passage du Néolithique à l'âge du Bronze est marqué par de profondes transformations socio-économiques accompagnées de changements dans les pratiques funéraires. Autour de 3100 avant notre ère, la région voit ainsi le développement d'un système économique basé sur l'agriculture d'oasis, sur l'exploitation et l'exportation du cuivre, et sur le déploiement d'un intense réseau d'échanges à plusieurs échelles. Les pratiques funéraires sont marquées par le passage de la sépulture individuelle en fosse à la sépulture collective construite en pierre. Le cadre environnemental et chrono-culturel de ce travail est exposé, incluant un historique de la recherche dans la région et un état des connaissances sur les pratiques funéraires et les données biologiques. Puis, l'analyse archéo-anthropologique des sépultures et des restes humains de onze ensembles sépulcraux datés du Néolithique (V-IVe mill.) à la fin de l'âge du Bronze ancien (env. 2000 av. N.E.) est présentée afin de caractériser les pratiques funéraires et les paramètres biologiques des groupes abordés. En dehors des données acquises pour chaque ensemble traité, la synthèse diachronique des données existantes permet d'explorer l'interaction des dynamiques culturelles et biologiques. Parmi les principaux résultats obtenus, on peut mentionner la mise en évidence d'une complexité des pratiques funéraires dès le Néolithique, un bilan de l'état de conservation des collections ostéologiques, des dénombrements détaillés (NMI) pour le tombes collectives de l'âge du Bronze, la mise en évidence d'un système de gestion de ces mêmes tombes; un bilan diachronique des affections bucco-dentaires, et l'existence d'une dynamique d'accroissement démographique apparue probablement dès le Néolithique. La thèse conclut par une discussion de ces résultats à la lumière du modèle général d'évolution proposé dans les travaux antérieurs. / Ln the Oman Peninsula, the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age is marked by profound socio-economic transformations accompanied by changes in funerary practices. Around 3100 BCE, the region experienced the development of an economic system based on oasis agriculture, the exploitation and export of copper, and the deployment of an intense trade network at multiple scales. Funerary practices are marked by the transition from individual burials to collective graves built in stones. The environmental and chronocultural framework of this study are presented, including the history of research in the region and a review of the data available on funerary practices and biological parameters. Then, the bio-archaeological analysis of the graves and human remains of eleven sites dated from the Neolithic (5th_4th mill. BCE) to the end of the Early Bronze Age (ca. 2000 BCE) aims to characterize the funerary practices and biological parameters of the studied groups. Apart from data acquired for each site, the diachronic synthesis of existing data allows us to explore the interplay of cultural and biological dynamics. Among the main results obtained, we can mention the identification of complex burial practices starting from the Neolithic, an assessment of the preservation of osteological collections, detailed counting (MNI) for collective graves from the Bronze Age, evidence for a management system of these graves, a diachronic analysis of oral diseases, and the demonstration of a population increase starting from the Neolithic. The thesis concludes with a discussion of these results in light of the general evolution model previously

Esta pesquisa, que é também uma ode em suas múltiplas expressões, se ergue no rastro dos afetos, do caos e do lirismo desmedido encontrados nos discursos poéticos de Caio Fernando Abreu e Renato Russo (o primeiro nos domínios da ficção literária e o segundo nos da canção de rock); constrói-se, também, com vistas às inquietações atravessadas pela busca do lugar da poesia no cenário da prosa e da letra de música, aqui recortadas, atendo-se ao modo como essas vozes se mantêm ressonantes e esteticamente significativas no contexto atual. Na procura por legitimar o protagonismo de Eros e seus pares dentro do universo contemporâneo e impetuoso de um mundo híbrido e desconexo, a ordo amoris, como linguagem coletiva e universal na erótica social, foi um modo de operacionalizar as questões centrais e organizar esses inventários (forjados a partir das metáforas do livro de contos Inventário do ir-remediável e do disco As quatro estações), transferindo, refletindo e redesenhando os espaços de criação, recepção e estética em literatura, que nessa dissertação borra fronteiras. A cultura de afetos, a filosofia existencialista e as contribuições sobre sujeito, coletividade, erotismo e subjetividade(s) reinventam e sustentam os debates que se edificam em espaços plurais de atuação, no desenho cartográfico que se vai formando a partir da poética de Caio e Renato e seus discursos à flor da pele. As quatro estações potencializam e iluminam os passos das divindades míticas e dos sujeitos líricos que se cruzam nessa pesquisa, são as vias férteis que acenam para a presentificação do agora, quando há trocas necessárias de papéis em que o eu se dissolve e se derrama no outro, na busca por essa alma coletiva da humanidade (quase) perdida e da celebração. São, principalmente, os pressupostos teóricos de Michel Maffesoli (2014a) e Giorgio Agamben (2013) que fundamentam e iluminam esse barco solto na correnteza. / This study arises in the trail of the affections, chaos and excessive lyricism found in the poetic discourses of Caio Fernando Abreu e Renato Russo (the first in the fields of literary fiction and the second in the fields of rock songs), and is also an ode in its multiple expressions; it is also constructed with a view to the concerns that are crossed by the search for the place of poetry in the scenario of prose and the music lyrics, brought here paying attention to the way these voices remain resonant and aesthetically significant in the current context. In order to legitimize the protagonism of Eros and his peers within the contemporary and impetuous universe of a hybrid and disconnected world, the ordo amoris, as collective and universal language in social erotica, was a way to operationalize the central issues and organize these inventories (made up from the metaphors of the short story book Inventário do ir-remediável [Inventory of the Irremediable] and the album As quatro estações [The Four Seasons]), transferring, reflecting and redesigning the spaces of creation, reception and aesthetics in literature, which in this dissertation blurs borders. The culture of affections, the existentialist philosophy and the contributions on subject, collectivity, eroticism and subjectivity (ies) reinvent and sustain the debates that are built in plural spaces of action, in the cartographic drawing that is formed from the poetics of Caio and Renato and their impassioned discourses. The four seasons potentiate and enlighten the steps of the mythical divinities and the lyrical subjects crossing each other in this study, they are the fertile paths that beckon to the presentification of the now, when there are necessary exchanges of roles in which the self dissolves and flows itself in the other, in the search for this collective soul of the (almost) lost humanity and the celebration. These are mainly the theoretical assumptions of Michel Maffesoli (2014a) and Giorgio Agamben (2013), which ground and illuminate this boat adrift on the tide.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Coneglian Franchito.pdf: 775862 bytes, checksum: 13ad53e09fe0334f2ed9d06938565041 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / To contribute with the Academic reflections on internet, this research aims to analyze, within Social Psychology, this technology as a communication and social relation instrument. Two news about suicide were chosen because of its intense emotional impact as seen on comment replies at the internet. The comments, public posted on internet, were collected between the months of March and April of 2011, on the social network Twitter.com and the journalism website Folha.com. The comments were selected under the guidance of Espinosa s concept of affect and the vigotskian theory. The object of analysis was limited to the expression of the emotions and the suffering sense of the other person. In the first news about an actress who committed suicide, the senses at the comments were about moralistic explanations about her "evil" behavior, and suicide as free will act as seen in the common sense, as well as prevention ideas about suicide that did not focus on her suffering. In the second news about a young man who killed 12 kids and after that committed suicide, his suicide was ignored among the comments collected and the senses about suffering were directed to the kids and their families or about explanations of the his crimes related to religion explanations with prejudice senses. In both cases there were criticism to journalism and media. Other results of the investigation pointed at the communication on the internet being similar to the self language, spoken-written and complex, where the expression of the emotions conveys an idea of movement on the communication / Para colaborar com as reflexões sobre internet na Academia, a motivação principal desta pesquisa foi pensar, dentro da Psicologia Social, essa tecnologia como instrumento comunicação e relação social. Duas notícias sobre suicídio foram escolhidas devido ao forte impacto emocional que refletem nos comentários em resposta, na internet. Os comentários, veiculados publicamente na internet, foram coletados entre os meses de março e abril de 2011, na rede social Twitter.com e no site de jornalismo Folha.com. A seleção dos comentários foi guiada à luz da ideia de afeto em Espinosa e da teoria vigotskiana. Assim, o delineou-se como objeto da análise a expressão das emoções e os sentidos do sofrimento do outro. Na primeira notícia, sobre o suicídio de uma atriz, entre os sentidos do seu sofrimento prevaleceram explicações moralistas sobre sua má conduta, e o suicídio como ato consciente, associado à ideia de livre arbítrio no senso comum, além de sugestões de prevenção que banalizam seu sofrimento. Já no segundo caso, da notícia de um jovem que matou 12 crianças e depois cometeu suicídio, os sentidos que aparecem ignoram seu suicídio, mas se voltam ao sofrimento às vítimas mortas e seus familiares, a religião aparece como a motivação do crime, de forma imaginária e preconceituosa nos comentários. Em ambos os casos aparecem críticas ao sensacionalismo ou a forma espetacular das notícias na grande imprensa. Dentro deste recorte, sobre as emoções, os resultados da investigação apontaram a comunicação na internet como linguagem semelhante à linguagem interior, por ser uma escrita oralizada e complexa, onde as expressões das emoções transmitem uma ideia de movimento na comunicação e nos relacionamentos construídos na internet

Submitted by Natalie Mendes (nataliermendes@gmail.com) on 2015-07-23T00:10:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_Edivan_revis?o-final_publica??o.pdf: 5535753 bytes, checksum: f2c42548027a3922231b77d8f2fc85c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-23T00:10:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_Edivan_revis?o-final_publica??o.pdf: 5535753 bytes, checksum: f2c42548027a3922231b77d8f2fc85c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / This research deals with the experiences/performed by a group of students and the teacher-Coordinator of the Project Communication, Interaction and Learning, developed at the State School, Aristides Cedraz de Oliveira, in Ichu town, in the hinterland of Bahia. At this school I have worked as teacher for almost two decades. Going through traces-fragments of those experiences and experiencing affections and expressions, we aim to understand some possibilities for the accomplishment of the construction of practices-expressions of knowledge and creating of a curriculum, operated by students and teacher in/of /with/school High School quotidian. We also aim to understand the collective processes (and) trading/producing of meanings/signification, of empowerment and emancipation through its knowledge-making powers, affecting their lives and the development of the curriculum, which we understand to be practice based on their reflections upon their quotidian at school, in opposition to subversion/strategies, attempts to prescription-determination taken by the educational policy-makers. To do so, we have used the video mapping as an instrument to outline the strategies of appropriation-bricolage and creative activities developed by the students and the teacher in order to use media and languages in the production of information in Communication Project. We have realized that the experience pointed to important opportunities to build knowledge and appropriation of the media language resources through the production of texts, written and oral information, brought to the school and community daily, through school radiobroadcast, the blog and the printed bulletin. These productions-trials have been carried out and affected students? lives, leading to empowerment and emancipation in their political participation in their school and external community as well as interfering in their choices and in their ways to see/think/act, extending their possibilities of insertion, interference-transformation and participation in society. The narratives of those experiences through workshops and videos, also allowed us to understand that the activities developed in the project have caused strong changes in the official strict-prescriptive curriculum and enhanced the creation of a unique curriculum, by creating other ways to see/think/act in the construction of knowledge/thoughts/sentiments, affections and negotiations of meanings, producing experiences inside and outside school. Thus, one expects to see a shared curriculum, full of life, cheerful, animated, renewed and fulfilled with meanings produced by the High School students. / Nesta pesquisa partimos das experi?ncias vividas/realizadas por um grupo de estudantes e pela professora-coordenadora no Projeto Comunica??o, Intera??o e Aprendizagem, desenvolvido no Col?gio Estadual Aristides Cedraz de Oliveira, em Ichu, no sert?o baiano, escola na qual atuo como professor, h? quase duas d?cadas. Percorrendo tra?os-fragmentos dessas experi?ncias e experimentando afec??es e express?es, buscamos, com este estudo, compreender algumas possibilidades de realiza??o de pr?ticas de constru??o-express?o de conhecimentos e inven??o de curr?culos, operadas pelos estudantes e pela professora nos/dos/com os cotidianos escolares do Ensino M?dio. Procuramos, ainda, entender os processos coletivos (e) de negocia??o/produ??o de sentidos/significa??o, de empoderamento e emancipa??o que atravessam seus fazeres-saberes-poderes, afetando suas vidas e o desenvolvimento do curr?culo, que entendemos ser praticadopensado por eles nos cotidianos da escola, uma subvers?o ?s estrat?gias/tentativas de prescri??o-determina??o empreendidas pelas inst?ncias de gest?o das pol?ticas educacionais. Para tanto, utilizamo-nos da cartografia, delineando, atrav?s de oficinas de produ??o de v?deos, as t?ticas de apropria??o-bricolagem e as inven??es realizadas pelos estudantes e pela professora ao utilizarem m?dias e linguagens na produ??o de informa??es no Projeto de Comunica??o. Percebemos que as experi?ncias realizadas com o Projeto configuram oportunidades significativas de constru??o de conhecimentos e de apropria??o dos recursos das m?dias-linguagens por meio da produ??o de textos-informa??es, orais e escritos, veiculados nos cotidianos da escola e na comunidade externa, atrav?s da r?dio-escola, do blog e do boletim impresso. Essas produ??es-experimenta??es realizadas est?o afetando a vida dos alunos, provocando empoderamento e emancipa??o em sua participa??o pol?tica na comunidade escolar e externa, interferindo em suas escolhas e em suas maneiras de verpensaragir, ampliando suas possibilidades de inser??o, interfer?ncia-transforma??o e participa??o na sociedade. As narrativas dessas experi?ncias, atrav?s dos v?deos e das oficinas, tamb?m nos possibilitaram a compreens?o de que as atividades desenvolvidas no Projeto provocam uma fissura no curr?culo oficial-enrijecido-prescritivo e potencializa a cria??o de um curr?culo singular, in-ventando outros modos de verpensarrealizar constru??o de conhecimentossaberes, pensamentossentimentos, afetos e negocia??es de sentidos, produzindo experimenta??es dentrofora da sala de aula/escola. Curr?culo compartilhado, cheio de vida, alegre, animado e arejado pelos/com os significados produzidos pelos estudantes do Ensino M?dio.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T15:01:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1442571 bytes, checksum: 09336b667599766e04c1b0328dbda247 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / AIDS is a disease caused by HIV, which destroys the defense mechanisms of the human body because it has as main target immune system cells (CD4+). However, with the emergence of Antiretroviral Therapy, HIV/AIDS was classified as a chronic disease, which improved the quality of life of its bearer and included in their studies variables such as religiosity / spirituality, the meaning of life and affections. In this perspective, this research aimed to test a theoretical model proposed by Viktor Frankl explains the dynamics of noopsychosomatic in people living with HIV/AIDS. Specifically, we sought to understand how the size noological (represented by the religious attitude and sense of accomplishment), influences the psychic dimension (positive affect and the perception of the past) and thus affects the somatic dimension (represented by the functioning of the immune system through the level of CD4+/CD8+). Thus, 115 participants were seropositive for HIV / AIDS, aged 18-63 years (sd = 10.32 m = 39), and 61.37% male. The patients answered a set of five instruments: Sense of Life Questionnaire; Scale Ontological Perception of Time, Scale Positive and Negative Affects; Religious Attitude Scale Questionnaire and a socio-demographic and clinical. Analyzes were performed descriptive, bivariate - Pearson correlations (r) - and factorials. Through AMOS (version 7) proceeded with a path analysis (path analysis) to test the theoretical prediction of the indices represented by the ratio of lymphocytes CD4+/CD8+. The results indicate that suitability model, with rates adjustments plausible: &#967;2 (20) = 27.4 (p <0.01); &#967;2/gl = 1.37, GFI = 0.95, AGFI = 0.91 ; = CFI RMSEA = 0.97 and 0.06 (90% CI = from 0.000 to 0.11); pclose test indicated that the value of RMSEA is taken as statistically higher than the cutting point, ie 0.05 . It is worth noting that all saturations (the lambda, &#955;) were statistically different from zero (z> 1.96, p <0.05). The results showed that the religious attitude - composed of the four factors: religious knowledge (&#955; = 0.87), religious behavior (&#955; = 0.87), religious sentiment (&#955; = 0.63) and religious embodiment (&#955; = 0 , 56) - was directly associated with the realization of meaning (&#955; = 0.37), which in turn was related to satisfaction with the past (&#955; = 0.35). Finally, the immune system, measured by CD4 + / CD8 +, was predicted by the same item (&#955; = 0.16). Thus, he conceives that this work brought together empirical evidence about the adequacy of the theoretical model of noopsychosomatic in patients living with HIV/AIDS. It is understandable, therefore, the relevance of religion/ spirituality and meaning of life in the process of illness and health. / A AIDS é uma doença causada pelo vírus HIV, que destrói os mecanismos de defesa do corpo humano, pois tem como principal alvo células do sistema imunológico (linfócitos T CD4+). No entanto, com o surgimento da Terapia Antirretroviral, o HIV/AIDS passou a ser classificado como uma doença crônica, o que melhorou consideravelmente a qualidade de vida de seu portador e incluiu em seus estudos variáveis como a religiosidade/espiritualidade, o sentido da vida e os afetos. Nesta perspectiva, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal testar um modelo teórico proposto por Viktor Frankl que explica a dinâmica da noopsicossomática em pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS. Especificamente, buscou-se entender como a dimensão noológica (representada pela atitude religiosa e a realização de sentido), influencia a dimensão psíquica (afetos positivos e a percepção do passado) e, consequentemente, repercute na dimensão somática (representada pelo funcionamento do sistema imunológico por meio do nível de células CD4+/CD8+). Destarte, participaram da pesquisa 115 pacientes soropositivos para o HIV/AIDS, com idade variando entre 18 a 63 anos (dp= 10,32; m= 39), sendo 61,37% do sexo masculino. Os pacientes responderam a um conjunto de cinco instrumentos: Questionário de Sentido de Vida; Escala de Percepção Ontológica do Tempo; Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos; Escala de Atitude Religiosa e um Questionário sócio-demográfico e clínico. Foram realizadas analises descritivas, bivariadas correlações de Pearson (r) e fatoriais. Por meio do AMOS (versão 7) procedeu-se uma path analysis (Análise de caminhos) para testar o modelo teórico de predição dos índices dos linfócitos representados pela razão CD4+/CD8+. Os resultados apontam para adequabilidade desse modelo, com os índices de ajustes plausíveis: &#967;2 (20) = 27,4 (p < 0,01); &#967;2/gl = 1,37; GFI = 0,95; AGFI = 0,91; CFI = 0,97 e RMSEA = 0,06 (IC 90% = 0,000 0,11); o teste Pclose indicou que o valor do RMSEA não é estatisticamente superior ao tomado como ponto de corte, isto é, 0,05. Ressalta-se ainda que todas as saturações (os lambdas, &#955;) foram estatisticamente diferentes de zero (z > 1,96, p < 0,05). Os resultados apontaram que a atitude religiosa composta por seus quatro fatores: conhecimento religioso (&#955; = 0,87), comportamento religioso (&#955; = 0,87), sentimento religioso (&#955; = 0,63) e corporeidade religiosa (&#955; = 0,56) associou-se diretamente com a realização de sentido (&#955; = 0,37), que por sua vez se relacionou com a satisfação com o passado (&#955; = 0,35). Por fim o sistema imunológico, aferido pela relação CD4+/CD8+, foi predito por esse mesmo item (&#955; = 0,16). Assim sendo, concebe-se que o presente trabalho reuniu evidências empíricas acerca da adequação do modelo teórico da noopsicossomática em pacientes que vivem com HIV/AIDS. Compreende-se, portanto, a relevância da religiosidade/espiritualidade e do sentido da vida no processo de adoecimento e saúde.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study investigates the use of smartphones among young residents of popular community located in the western region of Santa Maria, the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. In this study, consumption is understood through the material culture and the importance that the mobile phone has the construction of the daily life of each subject. Thus, we chose a qualitative research, ethnographic research, to understand how young people relate to the mobile phone (smartphone) and how the device is responsible for maintaining and building their social networks, with the main focus issues related to (re) construction of emotional relationships with and through the mobile device. The field of activity began in March 2014, with the approach and living with 43 young students in an educational and communicative activity at school Anita Garibaldi. The approach of the course lasted one school year and was completed in December 2014. In January 2015, was soaking in the field, in order to better understand the dynamics and ownership of cell phone use by four children, Laura, Icaro, Anneliese and Erika. Thus, it was used as the main technique for obtaining ethnographic data, participant observation, if possible, from the interaction with young people and their families realize the importance of the device in mediating consumer experience and relationship of these subjects. It was also noted that the device is responsible for mediating much of the daily lives of these young people, and is the main link between their peers and those who are part of your network affinity, making it a technical and emotional device indispensable for these young in building their online and offline connections. In this circumstance, it was possible to verify that cell phones are understood by these young people as significant objects to the construction of their sociability, before a time when its relations extrapolate relationships face to face and make a digital ambience. Similarly, the device serves as a repository of their affective micromemórias, before a building of real affection in virtualized and the machine able to build an emotional chain from the uses and appropriations of the device on a day by day. / Este estudo investiga o consumo de smartphones entre os jovens moradores de uma comunidade popular localizada na região oeste de Santa Maria, interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Nesta pesquisa, o consumo é compreendido por meio da cultura material e da importância que o telefone celular possui na construção do cotidiano de cada sujeito. Dessa forma, optou-se por uma investigação de caráter qualitativo, o estudo etnográfico, para compreender como os jovens se relacionam com o telefone celular (smartphone) e como o dispositivo é responsável pela manutenção e pela construção de suas redes de sociabilidade, tendo como enfoque principal as questões relacionadas à (re)construção das relações afetivas com e por meio do dispositivo móvel. A atividade de campo teve início em março de 2014, com a aproximação e a convivência com 43 jovens educandos, em uma atividade educomunicativa na escola Anita Garibaldi. A aproximação do campo teve duração de um ano letivo e foi concluída em dezembro de 2014. Em janeiro de 2015, ocorreu a imersão no campo, com intuito de compreender melhor as dinâmicas de posse e consumo do telefone celular por quatro jovens, Laura, Icaro, Anneliese e Érika. Para tanto, foi utilizada, como técnica principal para obtenção dos dados etnográficas, a observação participante, sendo possível, a partir da convivência com os jovens e seus familiares, perceber a importância do dispositivo na mediação da experiência de consumo e relacionamento desses sujeitos. Observou-se também que o dispositivo é responsável por mediar grande parte do cotidiano desses jovens, bem como é o principal elo entre seus pares e aqueles que fazem parte de sua rede de afinidade, tornando-se um dispositivo técnico-afetivo indispensável para esses jovens na construção de suas conexões online e off-line. Nessa circunstância, foi possível averiguar que os telefones celulares são compreendidos por esses jovens como objetos significativos para a construção de suas sociabilidades, diante de um momento em que suas relações extrapolam as relações face a face e ganham a ambiência digital. Da mesma forma, o dispositivo serve como repositório de suas micromemórias afetivas, diante de uma construção de afetos reais virtualizados na e pela máquina, capazes de construir uma cadeia afetiva a partir dos usos e apropriações do dispositivo no dia a dia.

Esta pesquisa, que é também uma ode em suas múltiplas expressões, se ergue no rastro dos afetos, do caos e do lirismo desmedido encontrados nos discursos poéticos de Caio Fernando Abreu e Renato Russo (o primeiro nos domínios da ficção literária e o segundo nos da canção de rock); constrói-se, também, com vistas às inquietações atravessadas pela busca do lugar da poesia no cenário da prosa e da letra de música, aqui recortadas, atendo-se ao modo como essas vozes se mantêm ressonantes e esteticamente significativas no contexto atual. Na procura por legitimar o protagonismo de Eros e seus pares dentro do universo contemporâneo e impetuoso de um mundo híbrido e desconexo, a ordo amoris, como linguagem coletiva e universal na erótica social, foi um modo de operacionalizar as questões centrais e organizar esses inventários (forjados a partir das metáforas do livro de contos Inventário do ir-remediável e do disco As quatro estações), transferindo, refletindo e redesenhando os espaços de criação, recepção e estética em literatura, que nessa dissertação borra fronteiras. A cultura de afetos, a filosofia existencialista e as contribuições sobre sujeito, coletividade, erotismo e subjetividade(s) reinventam e sustentam os debates que se edificam em espaços plurais de atuação, no desenho cartográfico que se vai formando a partir da poética de Caio e Renato e seus discursos à flor da pele. As quatro estações potencializam e iluminam os passos das divindades míticas e dos sujeitos líricos que se cruzam nessa pesquisa, são as vias férteis que acenam para a presentificação do agora, quando há trocas necessárias de papéis em que o eu se dissolve e se derrama no outro, na busca por essa alma coletiva da humanidade (quase) perdida e da celebração. São, principalmente, os pressupostos teóricos de Michel Maffesoli (2014a) e Giorgio Agamben (2013) que fundamentam e iluminam esse barco solto na correnteza. / This study arises in the trail of the affections, chaos and excessive lyricism found in the poetic discourses of Caio Fernando Abreu e Renato Russo (the first in the fields of literary fiction and the second in the fields of rock songs), and is also an ode in its multiple expressions; it is also constructed with a view to the concerns that are crossed by the search for the place of poetry in the scenario of prose and the music lyrics, brought here paying attention to the way these voices remain resonant and aesthetically significant in the current context. In order to legitimize the protagonism of Eros and his peers within the contemporary and impetuous universe of a hybrid and disconnected world, the ordo amoris, as collective and universal language in social erotica, was a way to operationalize the central issues and organize these inventories (made up from the metaphors of the short story book Inventário do ir-remediável [Inventory of the Irremediable] and the album As quatro estações [The Four Seasons]), transferring, reflecting and redesigning the spaces of creation, reception and aesthetics in literature, which in this dissertation blurs borders. The culture of affections, the existentialist philosophy and the contributions on subject, collectivity, eroticism and subjectivity (ies) reinvent and sustain the debates that are built in plural spaces of action, in the cartographic drawing that is formed from the poetics of Caio and Renato and their impassioned discourses. The four seasons potentiate and enlighten the steps of the mythical divinities and the lyrical subjects crossing each other in this study, they are the fertile paths that beckon to the presentification of the now, when there are necessary exchanges of roles in which the self dissolves and flows itself in the other, in the search for this collective soul of the (almost) lost humanity and the celebration. These are mainly the theoretical assumptions of Michel Maffesoli (2014a) and Giorgio Agamben (2013), which ground and illuminate this boat adrift on the tide.