La surveillance de la croissance des enfants est une activité quasi-universelle visant principalement à repérer des affections graves chez des enfants apparemment sains. Il existe des preuves empiriques que les performances de cette surveillance sont faibles, ce qui pourrait s’expliquer par l’absence de consensus sur trois questions clés et interdépendantes : quelles sont les affections à cibler en priorité ? comment définir une croissance anormale ? et quelles sont les courbes de croissance à utiliser ?Nous avons montré qu’il existait une grande hétérogénéité des pratiques de surveillance de la croissance en Europe et que les sept algorithmes proposés pour définir une croissance anormale avaient des performances et/ou un niveau de validation faible. Nous avons réalisé une étude de validation externe et une comparaison face-à-face de ces algorithmes et démontré que la règle de Grote avait les meilleures performances. Nous avons montré que la croissance des enfants français contemporains était plus proche des courbes de l’OMS que des courbes de référence françaises, excepté dans les six premiers mois de vie, et que l’introduction des courbes de l’OMS augmenterait la sensibilité des algorithmes au détriment de leurs spécificités. Nous avons obtenu un consensus d’experts internationaux sur la typologie des affections cibles prioritaires et un consensus national sur une liste réduite de huit affections cibles prioritaires des algorithmes de surveillance de la croissance.Ces connaissances nouvelles permettront très probablement de proposer des outils plus valides pour la surveillance de la croissance et de standardiser les pratiques pour améliorer la santé des enfants. / Growth monitoring in children is a worldwide health activity which aims at early detection of serious underlying disorders of apparently healthy children. Existing empirical evidence shows that growth-monitoring performance were low, this can be explained by a lack of consensus on three key and interconnected questions: which conditions should be targeted? how should abnormal growth be defined? and which growth charts should be used?We showed that there is a large heterogeneity in growth-monitoring practices in Europe and that the seven algorithms proposed for defining an abnormal growth had low performance and/or a level of validation. We performed an external validation study and head-to-head comparison of these seven algorithms and demonstrated that the Grote clinical rule had the best performance. We found that the growth of contemporary French children were closer to the WHO than French growth charts, except during the first six month of life. The introduction of WHO growth charts would increase the sensitivity at the expense of their specificity. We obtained an international consensus on the typology of priority target conditions and national consensus on a short list of eight priority target conditions of growth-monitoring algorithms.This new knowledge will most likely allow developing validated tools for growth monitoring and standardizing practices for improving child outcomes.

This thesis deals with the emotional dimension of intergenerational solidarity in elderly care. Caring for an aging family member is a difficult life situations for a caring person but also for the elderly. How they cope with the situation, largely depends on the quality of their relationship. The paper presents the theories related to emotional solidarity in elderly care, mainly the theory of V.L. Bengtson, on which is based the research and presents also contemporary Czech and foreign studies on this topic. Quantitative methods used in the paper are based on data from research of prof. Hynek Jerabek et al. "Family Cohesion 2010" and analyzes the mutual relationship between the one who cares and elderly family member who need help. To find the factors that affect relationships, is used linear regression analysis factors are currently being compared to the situation of home care and for care with help of the institutions. The conclusions of the analysis confirm the assumption that emotional solidarity is most often provided kind of help. Emotional relationships between caring persons and the elderly are characterized by relatively high degree of reciprocity, which increases when they are caring of their own mother, and if they had harmonic emotional relationships with senior in the past. The...

[pt] Quem pode ser adotante no Brasil? Quem pode ser adotado? A presente tese tem por objetivo apresentar um estudo sobre a binariedade de gênero, a partir da análise do instituto da adoção do Direito de Família brasileiro, utilizando-o como chave para adentrar a matriz cisheteronormativa, para verificar de que maneira as construções de subjetividade são atravessadas pelas normas instituídas. Investigase a ideia de que o Direito não seria apenas um reflexo da sociedade, mas que também constituiria, por meio de seu campo normativo, uma matriz de naturalização e subjugação, um poder de gênero. Assim, inicialmente as ideias da binariedade de gênero e da cisheteronormatividade são caracterizadas, em conjunto à análise de sua imbricação com os afetos, tomando-se como referência a teoria queer, por meio dos trabalhos de Judith Butler – influenciada pelas teorias espinosanas e foucaultianas. Com isto, objetiva-se compreender como o sistema binário de categorias sexuais a que cada indivíduo é determinado ao nascer nos afeta. Em seguida, a apropriação dos afetos pelo Direito enquanto poder de gênero é especificamente analisada, evidenciando como, através dos princípios da afetividade e socioafetividade, das ideias de filiação e parentalidade socioafetivas e das influências dos Direitos Canônico e Romano, foi constituída uma estrutura binária de gênero no instituto da adoção do Direito de Família brasileiro. A partir desta constatação, segue-se ao estudo da genealogia deste instituto e das ficções a partir dele criadas, como o Cadastro Nacional de Adoção, observando sua conformação a uma estrutura que, desde sua gênese, é generificada e sexualizada, visando à manutenção de uma adoção binária. Por seguir uma metodologia qualitativa, a tese conta com um estudo crítico dos discursos contidos em oito manuais de Direito de Família, formadores deste campo do Direito no Brasil. Examinam-se os usos que estas obras, publicadas entre 2015 e 2020, atribuem às palavras gênero e adoção, para perceber a (re)criação dos mecanismos da binariedade de gênero. Além disso, a pesquisa realiza uma análise documental da jurisprudência e legislação da adoção e dos institutos a ela conexos, bem como faz uma investigação empírica através de observações participantes em sete reuniões de Grupos de Apoio à Adoção e de conversas com operadores do sistema jurídico de cidades do Rio de Janeiro. Com o exame das narrativas das reuniões, observaram-se as relações das pessoas com a binariedade de gênero nas questões envolvendo a adoção. E em contrapartida, analisando o discurso de cinco profissionais do Direito, compreendeu-se de que maneira as categorias gênero e afeto são apropriadas e operacionalizadas para manter em funcionamento, por meio desses atores, os mecanismos do cistema. Por fim, utilizando o Direito Civil Constitucional como lente, a tese chega ao resultado de que o Direito constitui uma estrutura que impõe, em sua normatividade, um processo de generificação e sexualização dos sujeitos a que visa representar e atribuir efeitos jurídicos. Por esta razão, o trabalho assume o compromisso de servir como ferramenta de justiça social, auxiliando na agência de performances subversivas; reconhecendo-as para que saiam da zona de precariedade a que são submetidas. / [en] Who can be an adopted parent in Brazil? Who can be adopted? The present thesis aims to present a study on gender binarity, based on the analysis of the adoption institute of Brazil s Family Law, using it as a key to enter the cisheteronormative matrix, in order to verify how the constructions of subjectivity are crossed by the established norms. The idea investigated is that the Law would not only be a reflection of society, but that it would also constitute, through its normative field, a matrix of naturalization and subjugation, a gender power. Thus, initially the ideas of gender binarity and cisheteronormativity are characterized, with the analysis of their overlap with the affects, taking the queer theory as reference, through the works of Judith Butler - influenced by the theories of Spinoza and Foucault. With this, the aim is to understand how the binary system of sexual categories that each individual is determined at birth affects us. Then, the appropriation of affections by Law as a gender power is specifically analyzed, showing how, through the principles of affectivity and socio-affectivity, the ideas of socio-affective filiation and parentality and the influences of Canon and Roman Laws, the structure of a gender binary was constructed in the adoption institute of Brazil s Family Law. Based on this observation, the research follows with the study of the genealogy of this institute and the fictions created from it, such as the National Adoption Register, observing its conformation to a structure that, since its genesis, has been gendered and sexualized, aiming to maintain a binary adoption. By following a qualitative methodology, the thesis has a critical study of the speeches contained in eight Family Law manuals, builders of this field of Law in Brazil. It examines the uses that these works, published between 2015 and 2020, attribute to the words gender and adoption, in order to understand the (re)creation of the mechanisms of the gender binarity. In addition, the research performs a documental analysis of the jurisprudence and legislation of adoption and the institutes related to it, as well as an empirical investigation through participant observations in seven meetings of Adoption Support Groups and conversations with operators of the legal system in cities of Rio de Janeiro. With the exam of the narratives of the meetings, it was possible to observe people s relations with gender binarity in issues involving adoption. On the other hand, analyzing the discourse of five legal professionals, it was understood how the categories gender and affection are appropriate and operationalized in order to keep in operation, through these actors, the mechanisms of the cistem. Finally, using Civil Constitutional Law as a lens, the thesis reaches the result that Law constitutes a structure that imposes, in its normativity, a process of genderfication and sexualization of the subjects to which it aims to represent and attribute legal effects. For this reason, the work is committed to serve as a tool of social justice, assisting in the agency of subversive performances; recognizing them, to help them leave the precarious zone which they are subjected to.

Au cours de sa vie, un individu sur cinq sera touché par la dépression. Cette pathologie est la principale cause d'incapacité mondiale. Malgré l'existence de traitements pharmacologiques, 30 à 50 % d'individus déprimés ne répondent pas aux antidépresseurs. Ce faible taux souligne l'importance d'étudier des approches thérapeutiques novatrices qui ciblent les systèmes biologiques comme l'axe intestin-cerveau ou encore l'utilisation de stratégies préventives. Le stress chronique est un contributeur majeur au développement de la dépression et est associé à une activation de la réponse inflammatoire. Cette dernière affecte directement l'intégrité de la barrière intestinale, plus particulièrement la couche de cellules épithéliales interconnectées par les jonctions serrées qui tapissent l'intestin, régulant la perméabilité intestinale. Pour valider l'efficacité des stratégies préventives et d'étudier les effets du stress chronique sur l'intégrité intestinale, nous utilisons le modèle murin de la défaite sociale qui mime l'intimidation par les pairs. Pendant 10 jours, des souris mâles sont mises en contact avec un agresseur et en contact sensoriel. Ensuite, les sujets passent un test d'interactions sociales pour déterminer le phénotype comportemental face au stress, soit la susceptibilité ou la résilience. Pendant la défaite, elles sont exposées à un environnement enrichi ou de l'exercice physique, qui reproduit les stratégies préventives, favorisant la résilience face au stress. Les tissus intestinaux sont récoltés pour l'analyse transcriptionnelle et morphologique des protéines de jonctions serrées pour vérifier les changements de la barrière intestinale. Les stratégies préventives augmentent la proportion de souris résilientes. Au sein de cette population, l'expression des protéines de jonction serrée de l'intestin montre une adaptation moléculaire reliée à une diminution du stress chronique, ce qui suggère que l'intégrité de la barrière intestinale pourrait jouer un rôle clé dans la réponse au stress. Ces changements physiologiques pourraient prévenir les symptômes dépressifs et favoriser de nouvelles modalités thérapeutiques pour traiter la dépression. / Throughout life, one in five individuals will be affected by major depressive disorder (TDM). This disorder is the main cause of disability worldwide. Even though pharmacological treatment is available, only 30 to 50 % of depressed patients completely remit, suggesting that novel therapeutic approach targeting biological systems such as the gut-brain axis or preventive strategies should be studied. Chronic stress is the main contributor to the development of TDM and is associated with activation of inflammatory responses. This in return affects gut barrier (BI) integrity, more specifically the intestinal cell epithelium interconnected by tight junction proteins, regulating gut permeability. To validate efficacy of preventive strategies and study chronic stress effect on gut barrier integrity, we used a murine model of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) which mimics intimidation. For 10 days, male mice are put in contact with a novel aggressor and after in sensory contact. After, animals are subjected to the social interaction test to determine behavioral phenotype, either susceptibility or resilient to stress. During the defeat, mice have access to enrich environment (EE) or voluntary wheel running (VWR), which reproduced preventive strategies. Intestinal tissue is collected for transcriptional analysis and morphological evaluation of tight junction protein to study intestinal barrier changes. Preventive strategies increase resilient mouse population. Expression of tight junction protein in the jejunum show molecular adaptation related a dampened stress response, suggesting that integrity of BI could play a key role in response to chronic stress. These physiological changes could prevent depressive symptoms and may open new alternatives in treatment of depression.

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PINTO, Polyanna Ervedosa. O feminino e a fragmentação em Noite na Taverna. 2009. 133 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Letras) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Literatura, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Fortaleza-CE, 2009. / Submitted by Liliane oliveira (morena.liliane@hotmail.com) on 2012-07-06T12:28:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_DIS_PEPINTO.pdf: 773130 bytes, checksum: 3970d2b8b1827d48aef518002ae43c16 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-17T12:10:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_DIS_PEPINTO.pdf: 773130 bytes, checksum: 3970d2b8b1827d48aef518002ae43c16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-17T12:10:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_DIS_PEPINTO.pdf: 773130 bytes, checksum: 3970d2b8b1827d48aef518002ae43c16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / The analysis of the line of research on affective imaginary in the novel by Álvares de Azevedo, Night at the Tavern, part of the statement of understanding of emotional memory and female romantic. Will pay-the understanding of disruptive conflicts that develop in the work, investigating the emotions of the characters and their way of story telling in this particular book. Interested teased the plans of Taverna Night, showing that the female is always the main impetus of writing because of the connection between women, nature and mythical, promoted by the Romantic Movement. Then it will analyze the reflection of the relationship disharmonize the fragmentation of the discourse in order to study the environment and its connection with infernal Macário to ultimately understand the relationship of life and death on each count. The narratives, though linked by Taverna, have its merits in the quest for oblivion because of the disappointments of frustrated love and the passions as an object, either through the sympathetic imagination, of symbolism, history or other possible readings that can provide grants to this dissertation. The primary purpose is to see Night at the Tavern in the sphere of human, yet assuring it literary value and evil atmosphere that encourages the natural extravagance azevediana, proving the existence of a female rescued from primitive times. It is expected to give room for a new look at the criticism on the work azevediana, not forgetting the many previous studies, but guaranteeing their continuity / A análise da linha de pesquisa sobre o imaginário afetivo, no romance de Álvares de Azevedo, Noite na Taverna, parte do entendimento da enunciação da memória sentimental e do feminino romântico. Dedicar-nos-emos ao entendimento dos conflitos perturbadores que se desenvolvem na obra, investigando as emoções das personagens e seu modo de contar histórias neste livro específico. Interessa esmiuçar os planos de Noite da Taverna, mostrando que o feminino é sempre o impulso principal da escrita devido à ligação entre a mulher, a natureza e o mítico, promovido pelo Movimento Romântico. Em seguida, analisaremos o reflexo das relações desarmonizadas na fragmentação do discurso, a fim de estudar o ambiente infernal e sua conexão com Macário para, finalmente, compreendermos a relação de vida e morte em cada conto. As narrativas, embora ligadas pela Taverna, possuem suas particularidades na busca do esquecimento em virtude das decepções de amores frustrados e das paixões como objeto, seja através do imaginário dos afetos, da simbologia, da História ou de outras possíveis leituras que possam dar subsídios a esta dissertação. O intuito principal é ver Noite na Taverna dentro da esfera do humano, mas ainda assim garantindo-lhe valor literário e atmosfera diabólica que favorece a natural extravagância azevediana, atestando a existência de um feminino resgatado de tempos primitivos. Esperamos dar margem a um novo olhar da crítica sobre a obra azevediana, não esquecendo os diversos estudos anteriores, mas garantindo-lhes continuidade

[ES] Esta tesis es producto de un trabajo investigativo centrado en la recepción estética de la exposición Metamorfosis: ver en el tiempo, presentada en Valencia - España. La investigación busca apropiarse del mismo arte para examinar, reflexionar y cuestionar el arte contemporáneo en relación con el espectador - sus elecciones, gustos, percepciones, comportamientos e interpretaciones. Las 28 obras plásticas híbridas y performativas fueron creadas, bajo la idea de que, en la actualidad, se ha producido una ruptura de intereses y, consiguientemente, un inevitable distanciamiento entre el espectador y el arte contemporáneo. Esta investigación procura conocer las miradas y los afectos del público no especializado en arte y se propone a reflexionar acerca de los principales aspectos y conexiones existentes entre un artista anónimo, sus obras performativas y su espectador. ¿El arte actual puede ser atractivo y entretenido para el gran público? ¿Puede el artista crear obras contemporáneas más democráticas y menos excluyentes? A partir de una encuesta con los visitantes de la exposición y de un cuestionario realizado con 55 personas, se buscó verificar si el artista había logrado afectar al espectador e inducirlo a cuestionamientos y reflexiones sobre los temas, a saber: arte contemporáneo, transformaciones y tiempo. Los datos recolectados y categorizados fueron comentados a la luz del pensamiento y de la teoría de los afectos del filósofo holandés Baruch Spinoza (2016). Por medio tanto de una metodología cuantitativa como, sobre todo, cualitativa, se pudo verificar y trabajar el concepto de obras-parábola, es decir, obras que pueden ser percibidas de acuerdo con la sensibilidad y potencialidad de cada individuo, dejando trasparecer, al mismo tiempo, sus gustos, afecciones y afectos. La tesis se presenta, en fin, como una forma singular de reflexionar y pensar el arte contemporáneo, por medio de obras que se metamorfosearon durante la muestra, y su experiencia estética por parte del espectador en un momento puntual, sin pretensión de crear ningún análisis, teoría o metodología relacionada con la tríada artista-obra-espectador. / [CA] Aquesta tesi és producte d'un treball d'investigació centrat en la recepció estètica de l'exposició Metamorfosi: veure en el temps, presentada a València - Espanya. La investigació busca apropiar-se del mateix art per a examinar, reflexionar i qüestionar l'art contemporani en relació amb l'espectador - les seues eleccions, gustos, percepcions, comportaments i interpretacions. Les 28 obres plàstiques híbrides i performatives van ser creades, sota la idea que, en l'actualitat, s'ha produït una ruptura d'interessos i, consegüentment, un inevitable distanciament entre l'espectador i l'art contemporani. Aquesta investigació procura conèixer les mirades i els afectes del públic no especialitzat en art i es proposa a reflexionar sobre els principals aspectes i connexions existents entre un artista anònim, les seues obres performatives i el seu espectador. L'art actual pot ser atractiu i entretingut per al gran públic? Pot l'artista crear obres contemporànies més democràtiques i menys excloents? A partir d'una enquesta amb els visitants de l'exposició i d'un qüestionari realitzat amb 55 persones, es va buscar verificar si l'artista havia aconseguit afectar l'espectador i induir-lo a qüestiona ments i reflexions sobre els temes, a saber: art contemporani, transformacions i temps. Les dades recol·lectades i categoritzades van ser comentats a la llum del pensament i de la teoria dels afectes del filòsof holandès Baruch Spinoza (2016). Per mitjà tant d'una metodologia quantitativa com, sobretot, qualitativa, es va poder verificar i treballar el concepte d'obres-paràbola, és a dir, obres que poden ser percebudes d'acord amb la sensibilitat i potencialitat de cada individu, deixant transparentar, al mateix temps, els seus gustos, afeccions i afectes. La tesi es presenta, en fi, com una forma singular de reflexionar i pensar l'art contemporani, per mitjà d'obres que es van metamorfosar durant la mostra, i la seua experiència estètica per part de l'espectador en un moment puntual, sense pretensió de crear cap anàlisi, teoria o metodologia relacionada amb la tríade artista-obra-espectador. / [EN] This thesis is the product of an investigative work centered on the aesthetic reception of the exhibition Metamorphoses: see in time, presented in Valencia - Spain. The research seeks to appropriate the art itself to examine, reflect and question contemporary art regarding the viewer - their choices, tastes, perceptions, behaviors and interpretations.The 28 hybrid and performant plastic artworks were created under the idea that, today, there was a rupture of interests and, consequently, an inevitable distance between the viewer and contemporary art. This research seeks to know the views and affections of the public not specialized in art and aims to reflect on the main aspects and connections existing between an anonymous artist, his performant works and his viewer. Can current art be attractive and fun for the general public? Can the artist create more democratic and less exclusive contemporary works? From a survey with the visitors to the exhibition and a questionnaire carried out with 56 people, we sought to verify whether the artist managed to affect the viewer and induce him to question and reflect on the themes: contemporary art, transformations and time. The collected and categorized data were commented on in the light of the thinking and the theory of affects of the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza (2016). Through a quantitative and, above all, qualitative methodology, it was possible to verify and work on the concept of works-parable, that is, works that can be perceived according to the sensitivity and potential of each individual, while showing, at the same time, their tastes, affections and fondness. Finally, the thesis presents itself as a singular way of reflecting and thinking about contemporary art, through works that metamorphosed during the show, and its aesthetic experience by the viewer in a punctual moment, without the intention of creating any analysis, theory or methodology related to the artist-work-viewer triad. / Oliveira Góes, CE. (2021). Miradas en metamorfosis: una investigación estética sobre la producción puntual de un artista anónimo [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/177356 / TESIS

[pt] Esta dissertação de mestrado analisa a obra Todas as famílias felizes (2009), do escritor mexicano Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012), dentro da perspectiva micropolítica dos afetos circulantes. O livro é composto por dezesseis histórias, que narram acontecimentos em diferentes famílias, intercaladas por igual número de coros, todos independentes entre si. Não encontramos personagens repetidos, nem um desfecho onde finalmente tudo se articule e ganhe uma conclusão. Também não existem capítulos, nem partes. As histórias familiares são narradas de forma tradicional - com início, meio e fim - enquanto os coros são textos mais curtos e narrados livremente. O maior deles toma seis páginas e o mais curto, apenas uma linha. A partir de um ponto de vista literário, esta dissertação buscará refletir sobre as relações em jogo no ambiente íntimo e familiar como também no espaço comunitário dos coros. A gramática dos afetos, bem como sua materialização na distribuição dos corpos no espaço social, se tornou oportuna para a reflexão sobre as zonas de contato entre os diferentes corpos: individuais e coletivos. Em particular, aponto a relevância da violência, do medo e do rancor nos processos afetivos presentes na obra, assim como proponho a leitura dos coros como elemento trágico e, ao mesmo tempo, estranho e distante. Sendo Fuentes um escritor marcado pelo boom literário das décadas de 1960 e 1970, reviso as principais características e argumentações críticas acerca do período. Por se tratar de uma obra da fase final e menos prestigiada, observo como a aposta dos autores do boom na recriação de uma comunidade parece não mais possível para Carlos Fuentes. / [en] This research analyzes Happy Families (2009) by the Mexican writer Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012), prioritizing the micropolitical perspective of circulating affections. The book consists of sixteen stories, which narrate events in different families, interspersed with an equal number of choirs, all independent of each other. We find no repeating characters, nor an outcome where everything finally articulates and gains a conclusion. There are no chapters or parts either. Family stories are narrated in a traditional way - beginning, middle and end - while choirs are shorter texts and narrated freely. The largest of them takes six pages and the shortest, just one line. From a literary point of view, this dissertation will seek to reflect on the relationships at stake in the intimate and family environment as well as in the community space of choirs, prioritizing the micropolitical perspective of circulating affections. The grammar of affections, as well as their materialization in the distribution of bodies in the social space, became opportune for reflection on the zones of contact among different bodies: individual and collective. Furthermore, it examines the relevance of violence, fear and resentment in the affective processes found in the book, as well as the role of the choirs as a tragic and, at the same time, as a strange and distant element. Knowing that Fuentes is a writer marked by the literary boom of the 1960s and 1970s, it reviews the main characteristics and critical arguments about the period. Because it is a work of his final and less prestigious phase, I observe how the bet of the authors of the boom in the recreation of a community seems no longer possible for Carlos Fuentes.

This thesis focuses on the legacy of Jonathan Edwards on the Particular Baptists by way of apprehending theories held by their congregations during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In particular, special attention is directed to the Edwardsean legacy as manifested in the theology of Andrew Fuller. The thesis positions itself between Edwards and Fuller in the transatlantic, early modern period and attempts by the two theologians to express a coherent understanding of traditional dogma within the context of the Enlightenment. The scope of the research traces Fuller’s theological indebtedness by way of historical reconstruction, textual expositions, and theological and philosophical implications of the following works: Freedom of the Will, Religious Affections, Humble Attempt, and Justification by Faith Alone et al. It identifies unique Edwardsean ideas as the basis for investigating whether such concepts permeate Fuller’s intellectual and spiritual life. In that process, the study establishes whether Fuller read and interpreted Edwards correctly or otherwise. This dissertation, therefore, endeavors to determine the extent of Edwards’s impact upon Fuller over and above such other influential factors, which could also have been considered influential in his works. An attempt to determine the parameters of such factors is the basis for the ensuing discussion.